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video editing
101

Adobe after effects

Students Guide
Previous releases of Premiere Pro

• Feature Summary | Premiere Pro | April 2019 release

• Feature Summary | Premiere Pro | October 2018 release

• Feature Summary | Premiere Pro |

2018 releases Adobe Premiere Pro system requirements Applicable for:

November 2019 (14.0) release System requirements for earlier releases:

Premiere Pro CC system requirements |

July 2019 (13.1.4 and 13.1.3) and

April 2019 (13.1.2, 13.1.1, and 13.1) release

System requirements
What is frame rate?

Remember those cool little flipbooks where a pad of paper had an image on every page,
and when you flipped through the pages quickly, the image would appear to animate and
move?

This is how video works. Whether digital or old-school film, video is a series of still images
that, when viewed in order at a certain speed, give the appearance of motion. Each of
those images is called a “frame.”

Frame rate, then, is the speed at which those images are shown, or how fast you “flip” through
the book. It’s usually expressed as “frames per second,” or FPS.

So if a video is captured and played back at 24fps, that means each second of video shows 24
distinct still images.

The speed at which they’re shown tricks your brain into perceiving smooth motion.

How do I choose the best frame rate for my video?

First of all, there is no such thing as the “best” frame rate. As stated above, different frame
rates yield different results, so selecting the best one means going with the option that
best fits what you’re trying to create.

Even though frame rate is a relatively straightforward concept, there’s a fair amount
of controversy around which rates provide the best viewing experience, and there’s
research that builds the case for just about any frame rate. Controversy aside, here are
four things you need to keep in mind when choosing a frame rate.

Style/Realism

The frame rate of a video greatly impacts the look and feel of a video, which in turn
determines how realistic the video appears. This concept ties directly to how we naturally
see the world.
When we see motion, such as a person throwing a ball or a car driving by, we naturally
see a certain amount of motion blur. Ideally, the frame rate you choose will mimic this
motion blur, keeping the experience as realistic as possible. If you choose a frame rate
that’s too high, things will start to look unnatural and the video will suffer from what’s
called the “soap opera effect.”

Essentially, the video actually shows too much detail, which makes it look unnatural. On
the other hand, if you choose a frame rate that’s too low, the video will start to look
choppy and will provide a poor experience. To help figure out which frame rate is best for
you, let’s look at a few common options and how they’re used.

24fps –This is the standard for movies and TV shows, and it was determined to be the minimum
speed needed to capture video while still maintaining realistic motion. Even if a film is shot at a
higher frame rate, it’s often produced and displayed at 24fps. Most feature films and TV shows
are shot and viewed at 24 fps.

30fps –This has been the standard for television since the early days, and is still widely
used despite producers moving toward a more cinematic 24fps. Videos with a lot of
motion, such as sports, will often benefit from the extra frames per second .

The reasons for using 30fps is strangely complicated and it mainly has to do with television
and electricity standards set a long time ago. If you want to learn more, check out this
article on frame rate and jump down to the section titled “modern video standards.”

60+fps – Anything higher than 30fps is mainly used to create slow-motion video or
to record video game footage. Additionally, as technology continues to evolve, many
smartphones are now capable of recording at 60 fps as well.

Motion

The next key variable to take into consideration when choosing a frame rate is the amount
of motion in your video. This one’s pretty straightforward. If you have a lot of movement,
you’ll probably want to capture at a higher frame rate.

This doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll want to produce at a higher frame rate, but capturing
at a higher frame rate ensures a higher level of detail for the amount of motion captured.
The higher frame rate also allows for more flexibility when editing. To help you decide
what’s best for you, here are a few common options.
24fps – As stated above, this is the minimum speed needed to capture video while still
maintaining realistic motion. If you capture a really busy scene at 24fps, you’ll see a lot of
motion blur.

30fps – With six more frames a second than 24fps, you’ll see more detail during scenes
with high motion; however, the motion will start to look a little unnatural and suffer from
the “soap opera effect.”

60+fps – Anything higher than 30fps is usually reserved for recording busy scenes with
a lot of motion, such as video games, athletics, or anything you want to show in slow
motion.

Video gamers record at this rate because there’s a lot happening on their screen at once,
and more frames equals more detail. Sports are often recorded at a high frame rate so
they can be slowed down to show replays while still maintaining crisp, clear video.
Part 1: Why There Are Different Video Formats?
The section answers the question of "Why are there different Video Formats in the market?" A
simple reason is attached to it. The more the video formats, the more the variety and more
features will be offered by them. Every format has its own plus and negatives that distinguish it
from the other.
Some video formats offer compatibility with most applications. Others are good at fulfilling
technical requirements; most of them provide good quality and bring wide distribution to the
table. Henceforth, to stick with one video format will never be suggested. The users can change
the file formats based on their needs and area of interest.

Part 2: Introduction about Top 10 Video File Formats in 2021

The best video formats that exist in the business will be introduced in this section with
their advantages and disadvantages.

What is MP4?
Part 14 of MPEG-4, abbreviated for Motion Picture Experts Group, is a video file format
influenced by Quick Time file format. MP4 video format has the honor of being used by
Apple and accepted by iTunes, making it one of the most used video formats globally.

Pros

• MP4 video format offers compatibility to a wide range of media players such as iTunes,
GOM player, VLC Media Player, and Windows Media Player making it famous worldwide.
• YouTuber recommends using this file format as it is a closed caption video format. This
attribute makes it workable with applications that require subtitles in their videos.
• MP4 video format provides high-quality video and works great while streaming videos
over the internet.
• All video sharing platforms stimulate the users to upload their video files in this format.

Cons

• This video format does not go well when it comes to editing. It often crashes, making it a
negative point on the list.
What is MOV?
The MOV format is also known to us as QuickTime video format. Its development aimed
to target the users who need to edit their videos by following an easy process. Created
by Apple, the movies can be divided into tracks, making them famous in Media and Film
Industry.
Pros

• This file format works amazing with other file formats giving the users a sigh of relief.
• It is easy to use, making it user-friendly.
• It provides high-standard videos.

Cons

• It develops large files that are hard to use, leaving a bad impact on the consumer.
• The compression of video files causes loss of data.

What is MKV?
The MKV file format is an abbreviation for Matroshka. Created by Multimedia Container
Format (MCF), it got famous in 2014 when Windows announced technical support for this
video file format. It works perfectly with many video players, including VLC Media Player,
and has the capacity to be used on maximum operating systems.
Pros

• Being an open-source project, MKV allows support to a wide range of codecs.

• A single file of this format has the ability to withhold images, audio, and videos.
• It does not lose much data during compression.

Cons

• This format offers complication in its use thus, making it not user-friendly.
• Being in its initial stages, it is not common among users.
What is M4V?
The Apply company created an M4V video file format. The best thing about this video
format is that it works best with the iTunes store to encode the video files. Being a
container file instead of the codec, M4V allows a wide range of media players enhancing
compatibility with VLC, Apple QuickTime player, Zoom, MPlayer, and Media Player Classic,
etc.
Pros

• This format works perfectly for foreign language shows that require translation.
• It does not take much space to withhold these video files and have high-quality videos.

Cons

• These video formats are not compatible with Android devices.

What is AVI?
AVI Video format is short for Audio Video Interleave. It is a container format that was
developed by Microsoft and has the capacity to hold both audio and video data. AVI video
format supports the streaming of audio and videos, making it workable for many users.
Pros

• This video format allows high-quality precision of videos and audio fidelity.
• It works perfectly with Microsoft and Non-Microsoft operating systems.
• No special hardware device is needed to open .avi video files making them accessible to
most users.
• It works like a charm for short videos, promos, and teasers offering compression with good
quality.

Cons

• A special codec has to be installed to open the video files of this format, making it a turn-
off.
• The space covered by AVI video files is larger than any other video format, which is a
disadvantage.
• It does not allow user interaction, which is not much fancied by most users.
What is FLV?
The FLV file format is abbreviated as Flash Video Format. Considered to be a container
instead of the codec, FLV video format was developed to be utilized in conjunction with
Adobe Flash Player. The main responsibility of this format is to provide a high-quality
video to the user over the internet.
Pros

• Games can use this format.

• If you are supposed to add animation to your content on any website, FLV comes to the
rescue.
• The use of this video format is simple and provides amazing effects to the targeted video.

Cons

• It is expensive to use, and therefore, people are avoiding its use in their applications and
video programs.
• It takes a lot of time, leaving a negative impact on the users.
• The flash video format is not compatible with iOS making it less usable by Apple owners.

What is MTS?
As far as the MTS video format is concerned, it is stored in Advanced Video Coding High
Definition (AVCHD). It is in use by Sony and Panasonic, which are enormous electronic
firms. MTS is short for MPEG Transport Stream and allows high-definition projects.
Pros

• It allows and supports 3D videos.

• It works perfectly with hardware products that are manufactured by Canon and Sony.

Cons

• The editing process is slow and wastes a lot of time exporting videos from the camera to
the computer.
• It is not compatible with most programs leaving a bad impression for the users.
• It ceases to support the 4K format.
What is 3GP?
The 3GP video file is used to store audio and videos, which are transferred over the
internet and shared with 3G mobile phones. Being a container video file, this file format
was created by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project.
Pros

• It saves storage space because of its small sizes.

• Being used for communication between mobile phones, people prefer this file format over
others.

Cons

• The compression causes loss of data and creates a low-quality video.

• It does not offer compatibility for other applications, which is a negative as compared to
others.

What is INSV?
This video format is extremely famous with videographers as it allows the user to capture
the videos and images in Insta360 INSV format. It consists of panoramic files that record
the subject in 360-degree images and videos.
Pros

• It is easy to export the data using this format into standard formats.
• It is famous among sports fanatics and professional videographers.

Cons

• This format is only compatible with Insta360 Studio 2019.

What is M2TS?
M2TS is a file format used to produce high-quality videos on Blu-ray Disc. Being a container file
format, it works best for multiplexing audio and videos, making it quite famous among video
streamers and professional videographers.
Pros

• As compared to other file formats, M2TS offers sharper and clearer images while play
backing.
• It works at good speeds.

Cons

• The files are larger that take forever to process.

• There are some problems with subtitles and audio.

Part 3: How to Choose A Video File Format

Now that you are well informed of the advantages and disadvantages of individual video format,
the next question that pops up in mind is "How to Choose the video file format?"
The video format has to be picked for starters by keeping in view the quality of video requirements.
The format should achieve the needed quality. Moreover, the applications, devices, and browsers
have to be kept in consideration, which will allow the video of a certain format to be played. The
reason behind this is not all video formats are compatible with programs and devices in use.
If you want to view your videos online, prefer the video format, which works the best with
browsers — for instance, MP4 and WEBM.
If your niche is recording videos of your dog at your home, they prefer the video formats that offer
good quality and can be used in the future. You can use MP4 and AVI for this.
If you are a Windows user and encounter Windows application, use WMV to work perfectly and
offer compatibility.

Conclusion
The article reflected upon ten of the best video formats of 2021. A clear understanding of these
video formats and knowing their pros and cons will allow the video makers, vloggers, YouTubers,
and streamers to make the best choice according to their preferences and priorities.
Before you begin editing in Premiere Pro
you need footage to work with. You can either shoot your own footage, or work with footage that other
people have shot. You can also work with graphics, audio files, and more. While you shoot, organize your
shots and take log notes. You can also adjust and monitor footage as you shoot, capturing directly to a
drive. Many commands have keyboard shortcut equivalents, so you can complete tasks with minimal use
of the mouse. You can also create or edit keyboard shortcuts. Find the keyboard shortcuts for a tool,
button, or menu command by doing any of the following:

• For a tool or button, hold the pointer over the tool or button until its tool tip appears. If available, the
keyboard shortcut appears in the tool tip after the tool description.

• For menu commands, look for the keyboard shortcut at the right of the command.

• For the most-used keyboard shortcuts not shown in tool tips or on menus, see the tables in this article.
For a list of default and current shortcuts, choose Edit > Keyboard Shortcuts (Windows) or Premiere Pro >
Keyboard Shortcuts (Mac OS).

• Use the search field in the Keyboard Customization dialog box to find specific commands quickly. For
more information, see Keyboard shortcuts in Premiere Pro

Get started editing

After you have acquired footage, follow the steps to get started editing with Premiere Pro.

1. Start or open a project Open an existing project (Windows: Ctrl+O, Mac: Cmd+O), or start a new one
(Windows: Ctrl+Alt+N, Mac: Opt+Cmd+N) from the Premiere Pro Start screen.

If you are starting a new project, the New Project dialog launches. From the New Project dialog, you can
specify the name and location of the project file, the video capture format, and other settings for your

After you have exited the New Project dialog, the New Sequence dialog appears.

Choose the sequence preset in the dialog that matches the settings of your footage.

First, open the camera type folder, then the frame rate folder (if necessary), and then clicking a preset.
Name the sequence at the bottom of the dialog, and then click OK. If you need help choosing a sequence
preset, see this FAQ entry: “How do I choose the right sequence settings?”

To open an existing project, click a link under Open A Recent Item in the Premiere Pro Start screen. After
clicking a link, the project launches. Project. (See Creating and changing projects.) After you have chosen
settings in the New Project dialog, click OK
After you have exited the New Project dialog,

the New Sequence dialog appears. Choose the sequence preset in the dialog that matches the settings of
your footage. First, open the camera type folder, then the frame rate folder (if necessary), and then
clicking a preset.

Name the sequence at the bottom of the dialog, and then click OK. If you need help choosing a sequence
preset, see this FAQ entry: “How do I choose the right sequence settings?” To open an existing project,
click a link under Open A Recent Item in the Premiere Pro Start screen. After clicking a link, the project
launches

2. Capture and import video and audio

For file-based assets, using the Media Browser you can import files from computer sources in any of the
leading media formats (Windows: Ctrl+Alt+I, Mac: Opt+Cmd+I). Each file you capture or import
automatically becomes a clip in the Project panel.

Alternatively, using the Capture panel, capture footage directly from a camcorder or VTR (Windows: F5,
Mac: F5). With the proper hardware, you can digitize and capture other formats, from VHS to HDTV.

You can also import various digital media, including video, audio, and still images. Premiere Pro also
imports Adobe® Illustrator® artwork or Photoshop® layered files, and it translates After Effects® projects
for a seamless, integrated workflow. You can create synthetic media, such as standard color bars, color
backgrounds, and a countdown. (See About capturing and digitizing.)

You can also use Adobe® Bridge to find and organize your media files. To place the files directly into
Premiere Pro, use the Place command in Adobe Bridge (Windows: Ctrl+Alt+O, Mac: Opt+Cmd+O).

In the Project panel, you can label, categorize, and group footage into bins to keep a complex project
organized. You can open multiple bins simultaneously, each in its own panel, or you can nest bins, one
inside another.

Using the Project panel Icon view, you can arrange clips in storyboard fashion to visualize or quickly
assemble a sequence. Note: Before capturing or importing audio, ensure that Preferences > Audio >
Default Track Format is set to match the desired channel format.

3. Assemble and refine a sequence

Using the Source Monitor, you can view clips, set edit points, and mark other important frames before
adding clips to a sequence. For convenience, you can break a master clip into any number of subclips,
each with its own In and Out points. You can view audio as a detailed waveform and edit it with sample-
based precision
You add clips to a sequence in the Timeline panel by dragging them there or by using the Insert (Windows:
..., Mac:,,,) or Overwrite buttons (Windows: ..., Mac: ,,,) in the Source Monitor. You can automatically
assemble clips into a sequence that reflects their order in the Project panel. You can view the edited
sequence in the Program Monitor or watch the full-screen, full-quality video on an attached television
monitor. (See Timeline panelsand Add a clip to a sequence.)

Refine the sequence by manipulating clips in the Timeline panel, with either context-sensitive tools or
tools in the Tools panel. Use the specialized Trim Monitor to fine-tune the cut point between clips. By
nesting sequences—using a sequence as a clip within another sequence (Windows: , Mac: Cmd+U)—you
can create effects you couldn’t achieve otherwise.

4. Add titles
Create titles directly on your video using the Essential Graphics panel in Adobe Premiere Pro. Use these
keyboard shortcuts to create a new text layer (Windows: Ctrl+T, Mac: Cmd+T). You can add text, shapes,
and so on, to layers that you can rearrange and adjust. The title can also be saved as a Motion Graphics
template which can be reused and shared. For more information on using the Essential Graphics panel,
see Create titles and motion graphics.
5. Add transitions and effects
The Effects panel includes an extensive list of transitions and effects you can apply to clips in a sequence.
You can adjust these effects, and a clip’s motion, opacity, and Variable Rate Stretch using the Effect
Controls panel (Windows: Ctrl+D, macOS: Cmd+D).

The Effect Controls panel also lets you animate a clip’s properties using traditional keyframing techniques.
As you adjust transitions, the Effect Controls panel displays controls designed especially for that task.
Alternatively, you can view and adjust transitions and a clip’s effect keyframes in a Timeline panel. (See
Transition overview: applying transitions and Apply effects to clips.)

6.Mix audio
For track-based audio adjustments, the Audio Track Mixer emulates a full-featured audio mixing board,
complete with fade and pan sliders, sends, and effects.

• Audio clip mixer: (Windows: Shift+9, Mac: Shift+9)

• Audio track mixer: (Windows: Shift+6, Mac: Shift+6)

Premiere Pro saves your adjustments in real time. With a supported sound card, you can record audio
through the sound mixer, or mix audio for 5.1 surround sound. For more information, see Mixing audio
tracks and clips.

7.Export Deliver
your edited sequence in the medium of your choice: tape, DVD, Blu-ray Disc, or movie file (Windows:,
macOS:). Using Adobe Media Encoder, you can customize the settings for MPEG-2, MPEG-4, FLV, and
other codecs and formats, to the needs of your viewing audience. For more information, see Types of
exporting.

Color workflows
Premiere Pro provides you professional-quality color grading and color correction tools that let you grade
your footage directly on your editing timeline.

These Color tools are available within a Lumetri Color workspace in Premiere Pro. Using these tools, you
can adjust color, contrast, and light in your sequences in new and innovative ways. With editing and color
grading working hand in hand, you can freely move between editing and grading tasks without the need
to export or launch a separate grading application

. The Color workspace is designed not just for experienced colorists but also for editors who are new to
color grading. You can apply simple color corrections or complex Lumetri Looks using intuitive sliders and
controls. Or you can easily adjust cuts or fine-tune grades using advanced color correction tools like curves
and color wheels. Set up a Color workspace Premiere Pro provides a preset Color workspace that makes
your task of color grading quicker and more efficient. Select Window > Workspace > Color, or choose Color
from the workspace switcher. The Color workspace opens a Lumetri Color panel to the right, and a Lumetri
Scopes panel to the left of the Program Monitor

Setting up a Color workspace

A Lumetri Scopes Panel B Lumetri Color panel with curves, color wheels, and slider adjustments

The Lumetri Color panel offers powerful and easy-to-use color tools, like curves, color wheels, and slider
arrangements, arranged in different sections. Each section of the Lumetri Color panel focuses on a specific
task of the color workflow.

The Lumetri Scopes panel displays different analyses of luma and chroma as waveforms based on your
adjustments, letting you evaluate as you grade your clips
Premiere Pro default keyboard shortcuts
Many commands have keyboard shortcut equivalents, so you can complete tasks with minimal use of the
mouse. You can also create or edit keyboard shortcuts.