COMPOSITE

CONSTRUCTION &
PRE ENGINEERED
BUILDINGS
INTRODUCTION
▪ Composite made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different
physical or chemical properties that produce a material with characteristics different
from the individual components.
▪ Composite construction refers to any members composed of more than 1 material.
The parts of these composite members are rigidly connected such that no relative
movement can occur. Examples are:
COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION
▪ Composite
▪ An engineered combination of materials that
result in a finished material with better overall
properties than the starting constituents.
▪ At a microscopic level, the constituent materials
remain distinct within the finished structure.
TRADITIONAL COMPOSITES
Wood is a natural composite of
cellulose fibers in a lignin matrix.
Engineered wood is wood fibers,
strands or veneers bound using
adhesives.
Concrete is a composite of aggregate,
cement, additives and water.
Disc brake pads are composites of
hard ceramic particles embedded in
soft metal.
ELEMENTS OF COMPOSITE
CONSTRUCTION
COMPOSITE
CONSTRUCTION
▪ A steel beam which is made composite by using shear connectors,
composite metal decking and concrete is much stronger and stiffer
than the composite metal decking and concrete is much stronger and
stiffer than the base beam alone
▪ Composite floor systems are considered by many to be the highest
quality type of construction
BENEFITS OF COMPOSITES
▪Extremely Durable
▪Low Weight
▪Impact Resistance
▪Design Flexibility
▪High Strength to Weight ratio
▪Part Consolidation
▪ Corrosion Resistance
▪ Heat Resistance
▪Toughness
DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
 CORROSION RESISTANCE
• Composites offer very good corrosion resistance and find widespread use in
corrosive environments.
▪ Cladding for roofs & walls
▪ Seawalls, decks & railings
▪ Duct work and ventilation
▪ Water handling systems
▪ Salt water environments
▪ Underground applications
STRENGTH TO WEIGHT
• Replace failing masonry
cladding in high rise building
• The low weight composite
allows floor space to be added
• Uses existing building
structure and foundations
THERMAL PROPERTIES
• Composite have a very low coefficient of thermal expansion.
• Not prone to expansion & contraction
• Composites offer low thermal conductivity
WATER EXPOSURE
▪ Composites perform well in water exposed conditions.
▪ Holds water in or keeps water out
▪ Does not rot, swell, rust, or spall
 DURABILITY
▪ Composites have very good environmental durability.
• Do not swell, warp, rot
• No rust or spalling
• Resistant to animals and insects
INNOVATIVE
COMPOSITE
MATERIALS
RESINS
▪ Polyester: The most widely used because of its lower cost and high corrosion
resistance
▪ Vinyl Ester: Used when superior chemical and corrosion resistance, strength
and other mechanical properties are needed
▪ Shelter Works’ fiberglass shelters are built using a variety of resin types
depending on the application; the most commonly used is what is known as
Stypol LSP Unsaturated Polyester Resin.
 RESINS
▪ Resin Additives
▪ In addition to the fiberglass itself, there are many different additives that can
alter the properties of the fiberglass itself, such as:
▪ Fire Retardants – to improve fire ratings
▪ UV Inhibitors – to reduce potential “bloom” caused by exposure to sunlight and
moisture
▪ Suppressants- to reduce emissions and block evaporation
▪ Conductive additives (carbon or metallic fibers that can reduce electro-static
charge or make this naturally non-conductive material conductive)
 RESINS
▪ Resin Additives
▪ In addition to the fiberglass itself, there are many different additives that can
alter the properties of the fiberglass itself, such as:
▪ Fire Retardants – to improve fire ratings
▪ UV Inhibitors – to reduce potential “bloom” caused by exposure to sunlight and
moisture
▪ Suppressants- to reduce emissions and block evaporation
▪ Conductive additives (carbon or metallic fibers that can reduce electro-static
charge or make this naturally non-conductive material conductive)
 FIBERGLASS
▪ E-glass (most common, originally used in electrical applications)
▪ S-glass (stiff or extra-strength glass)
▪ A-glass (for alkaline environments)
▪ C-glass (corrosion-resistant, stands up to chemical attacks and acids that
destroy E-glass)
▪ There are different grades of fiberglass that are used for different
environments and in different applications. For example, C-glass is used in
soil, whereas woven S- glass can be used with ballistics because it can
compete with Kevlar and has high strength to weight ratios.
GEL COATS
▪ Composite buildings are manufactured using the same composite materials
used to produce today’s advanced marine craft, transportation equipment
and aircraft. The materials have been formulated and tested for use in the
harshest conditions. Buildings that are constructed with fiberglass materials
include an outer layer of protective gel coat in any color desired. Gel coats
provide three basic benefits:
▪ Protective barrier that increases the life of the building by decades.
▪ Aesthetic appeal
▪ Long-lasting, maintenance-free performance
CORE MATERIALS
▪ “Sandwich” construction or a modification to sandwich construction can add
rigidity without adding tremendous weight, improve insulation and sound
attenuation—even provide reinforcements for hanging heavy hardware on
the composite structure.
▪ Depending on the needs and application, the following materials can be
used:
▪ Wood-Balsa, Plywood
▪ Foam-Cross-Linked PVC, Linear PVC, Syntactic, Thermoplastic, PMI
(Polymrthacrylimide)
▪ Honeycomb-paper, aluminum, phenolic resin impregnated fiberglass,
polypropylene and aramid fiber phenolic treated paper
 RESINS
▪ Resin Additives
▪ In addition to the fiberglass itself, there are many different additives that can
alter the properties of the fiberglass itself, such as:
▪ Fire Retardants – to improve fire ratings
▪ UV Inhibitors – to reduce potential “bloom” caused by exposure to sunlight and
moisture
▪ Suppressants- to reduce emissions and block evaporation
▪ Conductive additives (carbon or metallic fibers that can reduce electro-static
charge or make this naturally non-conductive material conductive)
PRE ENGINEERED
BUILDINGS
PRE-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS
▪ Pre-Engineered steel building is portal frame construction
comprises of primary and secondary framing and bracing
system. A combination of these three elements and weather
covering sheeting results in stable steel buildings instead of
individual frame. In case of conventional structure, individual
column and truss are separately designed and free standing
frames resulting bulky and heavy structure.
▪ Pre-Engineered steel building system offer various type of steel
framing system for various economic module and options as per
functional need and aesthetic choices.
SOME STANDARD FRAME OPTIONS ARE AS
UNDER:
SOME STANDARD FRAME OPTIONS ARE AS
UNDER:
SOME STANDARD FRAME OPTIONS ARE AS
UNDER:
SOME STANDARD FRAME OPTIONS ARE AS
UNDER:
SOME STANDARD FRAME OPTIONS ARE AS
UNDER:
SOME STANDARD FRAME OPTIONS ARE AS
UNDER:
COLUMN –RAFTER CONNECTION
▪ In each option of rafter-column design, there are different merits and
demerits as steel consumption also keep on varying in each option.
Therefore it is necessary for designer to opt. for economical
connection unless some functional constraints are there.
SECONDARY FRAMINGS SYSTEM
▪ In Pre-Engineered buildings normally cold form Z sections are used for secondary
framing to achieve high strength and lower weight.
▪ Typically cold form members used for roof are called purlin and for wall it is called
as girt however profile for the both in general is same. Sometime C section is also
used in place of Z.
▪ Purlin/Girts are the members which transfers forces and moments from one frame
to another frame for overall stability of the building structure and it all acts as
framing system for weather covering sheeting purpose. For all practical purpose
these members are spaced at an interval of about 1.5 m which can vary and placed
perpendicular to the direction of rafter.
PURLINS

PURLIN AND GIRT

CONNECTIONS
RAFTER AND FLANGE
CONNECTION
ROOF & WALL BRACING SYSTEM
▪ For transfer of wind force and other acting loads form building frame to the
foundation at certain interval x-bracing system is used to change the direction
of forces for reducing the impact of forces
▪ Some time roof bracing and wall bracing may be in adjoining bays separately
however the stability of the structure shall be checked first before doing so.
Normally rod, pipes or angles are used for x-bracing purpose. In wall bracings
are laid between two columns form haunch to bottom of columns
WEATHER COVRING ROOFING &
CLADDING
▪ Normally, metal profiled steel sheets are using for covering purpose. Now a
day’s different color/color combination are used to make building more
aesthetic & elegant.
▪ There are various other elements of sheeting such as flashings, trims, ridge
cover, peak panel, rack trim, drip trim etc. which is made of same material as
of sheeting and equally important for weather tight functioning of the building.
▪ In addition, proper rain water gutter for collection of rain water and down take
pipe for discharge of water from gutter to the ground is also key element to
the building for overall performance of the building.
▪ All sheeting are joined together with the help of self drilling/self tapping
screw and necessary sealing material such as butyl tape, sealant, foam filler
etc. are used to make building more efficient.
WEATHER COVRING ROOFING &
CLADDING
ANCHORING
▪ In order to install the steel building on pedestal/foundation, it is necessary to have an
anchoring system suitably designed to take up various loads and forces of the building and
to transfer the same to the ground through anchor bolts arrangement.
▪ Size of anchor bolts and its quantities are designed as per reactions calculated as per
building design.
BUILDING ACCESSORIES
MEZZANINE SYSTEM
▪ This also helps in saving the floor
area as well creates ease of serving
being closely. This also reduces the
cost of construction
▪ A typical mezzanine system is
basically a joist beam construction
taking support from the building
columns as per availability and top
of beams and joist deck slab is
pored over GI decking of profiles
metal sheet.
▪ A light reinforcement over decking
and light concrete is used to make
a permanent floor.
MEZZANINE SYSTEM
CRANE SYSTEM
▪ All pre-engineered steel buildings
can be designed for crane
operation provision as per
operational need. There is various
type of crane being used in industry
for various purposes.
▪ Overhead crane with pendant or
cabin operated.
▪ Overhung/under-slung crane
system
▪ Monorail crane or hoist system
▪ Wall mounted crane
▪ Jib crane
CANOPIES
▪ These are basically acts as sun-shed over doors or windows to protect the rain water/sun
access to the building. These are structurally designed and supported on building columns
and covered with sheeting materials.
METAL ROOFING & PRE
ENGINEERED BUILDING
SYSTEMS
▪ These are based on PEB concept specially known for economical design and
compactness because they yield to strength and stability with minimal thickness.
▪ These are the structures basically produced at the factory with high tensile steel
material by collecting complete information of the shed/building (viz; Length,
Width, Height etc,).
▪ The entire design of column, rafters and other accessories is based on International
structural standards and involve high technical welding and quality production.
▪ The entire requirement is produced on modular basis in house and shall be
assembled at the customer's site with minimum time period and least
cumbersome.
BASIC BUILDING
PARAMETERS
PRIMARY STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS
▪
Primary members consist of columns,
rafters, beams etc..
▪ Plates are cut to size and shape.
▪ All are shown symmetrical about the
ridge line. Framing systems
unsymmetrical about the ridge line and
Multispan Framing Systems with
unequal width modules are possible but
may require more engineering time and
possibly longer deliveries.
▪ Practically any frame geometry is
possible.
PRIMARY FRAMING SYSTEMS
PRIMARY FRAMING SYSTEMS
SECONDARY STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS
▪Secondary Members used in a PEB include purlins,side runners, eave struts,
fascia channels ,door posts window posts, rafter stays, column stays, base
angles, and other Miscellaneous structural parts.
PURLINS:
▪ Purlins and grits are cold roll formed light gauge "Z" sections varying in depth
from 180 to 300 mm and in thickness from 1.5 to 2.5 mm as per design
requirement.
 COMPOSITE
CONSTRUCTION &
PRE ENGINEERED
BUILDINGS
FACILITATED BY: AR. CARLO LAGONSIN