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Physics Experiment

The document outlines an experiment to measure the diameter of a spherical or cylindrical body and the internal dimensions of a beaker or calorimeter using Vernier Callipers. It includes the theory behind the instrument, methods for calculating readings and volumes, and necessary precautions and potential sources of error. The experiment aims to determine the volume of both the sphere and the beaker/calorimeter.

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CapedSoul
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5 views

Physics Experiment

The document outlines an experiment to measure the diameter of a spherical or cylindrical body and the internal dimensions of a beaker or calorimeter using Vernier Callipers. It includes the theory behind the instrument, methods for calculating readings and volumes, and necessary precautions and potential sources of error. The experiment aims to determine the volume of both the sphere and the beaker/calorimeter.

Uploaded by

CapedSoul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

1 Date:

Aim: To measure diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body and to measure


internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using Vernier
Callipers and hence find its volume.

Materials Required

• Vernier callipers.
• A spherical body
• A beaker or a calorimeter.

Theory: A calliper is a device used to measure the distance between two


opposing sides of an object.
Least Count
The least count or the smallest reading which you can get with the instrument can
be calculated as;

Calculating the Reading


When a body is between the jaws of the Vernier Caliper;
If the zero of the vernier scale lies ahead of the Nth division of the main scale,
then the main scale reading (MSR) is;

If nth division of Vernier scale coincides with any division of the main scale,
then the Vernier scale reading (VSR) is;

Total reading,

Finding the Volumes


Volume of a Beaker
Volume of the beaker = internal area of the cross-section x depth
This can be expressed as;
where 'D' is the internal diameter of beaker / calorimeter and 'd' the depth of
beaker / calorimeter.
Volume of a Sphere

where 'r' is the radius of the sphere.


Diagram

Observations

1. Determination of Vernier constant (Least Count ) of the vernier callipers:


1 M.S.D. = 1 mm
10 V.S.D.= 9 M.S.D.
1 V.S.D.= 9/10 M.S.D. = 0.9 mm.
Vernier Constant, V.C.= 1 M.S.D.-1 V.S.D. = (1-0.9) mm = 0.1 mm = 0.01cm.
2. Zero error
zero error (e)=.......... cm.

Table for measuring diameter and depth


Main Vernier VSR x Total Reading
Corrected
Dimension to be L.C
Sl No Scale Scale MSR + (V S R x Reading=
measured Reading Reading cm L.C) Total

MSR cm VSR cm Reading –


Zero error
cm

Diameter of the
bob

Internal diameter
of the beaker
Internal depth of
the beaker

Calculations

Mean corrected diameter ----------- cm


Volume of sphere,

V= ---------cm3= ----- m3.


Mean corrected internal diameter,D=................ cm
Mean corrected depth,d=. .......cm
Volume of beaker

V= ..........cm3=............ m3

Result

Volume of Sphere=. ......................... m3


The volume of the beaker / calorimeter is ............ cm3.
Precautions

1. Motion of vernier scale on main scale should be made


smooth (by oiling if necessary).
2. Vernier constant and zero error should be
carefully found and properly recorded.
3. The body should be gripped between the jaws
firmly but gently (without undue pres-sure on it
from the jaws).
4. Observations should be taken at right angles at one
place and taken at least as three different places.

Sources of Error

1. The vernier scale may be loose on main scale.


2. The jaws may not be at right angles to the main scale.
3. The graduations on scale may not be correct and clear.
4. Parallax may be there in taking observations.

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