PUPOSIVE – communication is goal oriented.

Unless the
receiver and sender know the purpose, they
COMMUNICATION intend to achieve through communication, it
REVIEWER has no benefits.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS – refers to a
COMMUNICATION
series of actions or steps taken in order to
 Act of sending and receiving messages successfully communicate.
to a group of people
 Building connection, build trust,
empathy, shared experiences
 Exchange of ideas, messages and
information between two or more
persons through a medium
 They develop common understanding
of the message
 “Communication is the process of
passing information and understanding
from one person to another” – Keith
Davis
 “Communication is any behavior that
results in an exchange of meaning –
The American Management
Association Sender - generates the message
NATURE OF COMMUNICATION Encoding - generated by the sender
Two-way process Message - information, view, feeling,
verbal/non-verbal
– communication is a two-way process of
understanding between two or more persons – Channel/Media – manner in which the
sender and receiver. message is transmitted
Continuous Process Receiver – person last in the chain, whom a
message was sent
– continuous interaction promotes
understanding and exchange of information Decoding – process of converting the symbols
relevant for decision making. encoded by the sender
Dynamic Process Noise – refers to any obstruction that is caused
by the sender, message or receiver during
– communication between sender and receiver process of communication
takes different forms and medium depending
upon situation, different situations. Feedback – receiver confirms to the sender
that he/she has received the message
Pervasive
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
– communication is pervasive activity. It takes
place at all levels (top, middle, low) in all  Forms and channels of communication
functional areas; (production, finance among members of organization
personnel, sales) in organization.  Every organization has some specific
goals for some respective stakeholders
Goal Oriented
  Attaining of these goals depends on o Casual communication
successful communication with the between coworkers in the
respective stakeholder groups workplace
o Unofficial in nature and is
TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMUNICATION based in the informal, social
relationships
1. Verbal/Non-Verbal Communication o “Grapevine communication”
2. Internal/External Communication
3. Formal/Informal Communication DIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION
4. Directional Communication  Downward
 Downward Communication o Between superiors and
 Upward Communication subordinates
 Horizontal Communication o from highest authority down to
 Diagonal Communication lowest employee; has rules,
Verbal Communication regulations
o Downward flow of information
o Use of words and languages o most decision organizations
o Either oral (spoken words) or written are made at the top and then
(written form; reports, newspaper, flow down; policies
magazines)  Upward
Non – Verbal Communication o Between the subordinates and
the superiors
o Uses aside from words o All messages that go from
o Body language, gestures, facial lower-level employee to the
expressions, glance, stare, smile, higher-level manager
handshake o Upward flow of information
Internal Communication o Reports, feedback,
suggestions
o Takes place between members of the  Horizontal
organization o Transmission of information
o Can bee among entire company or in between people, divisions,
small groups of people departments, or units within
the same level of organization
External Communication o “Peer-to-peer Communication”
o Contains messages that are  Diagonal
specifically for people outside of the o Involve staff members of
organization; government, media… different departments
interacting with each other
Formal Communication
GROUP COMMUNICATIONS
o Official communication taking place in
an organization through rules and - Act of sending and receiving messages
channels; processes, regulations to a group of people;
o Information flows via hierarchal setup o Conference calls
of an organization o E-mail
o In-person meetings
Informal Communication
o Text message
o Video conference
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS  Death or an overdose of either of the
factors could result in unfavorable
 For the communication to be consequences
successful, the idea should bee fully  Principle of honesty on both sides
understood should be completely applied because
 Obstacles that one may face when any amount of insincerity from either
attempting to effectively communicate the listener or the speaker would not
with another person be prudent
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BARRIERS FUNDAMENTAL OF ETHICAL
1. Socio-Psychological Barriers COMMUNICATION
 Attitudes & Opinion  Responsible thinking
 Emotion  Decision making
 Closed mind  Develops relationships in communities
2. Physical Barriers  Context-cultures-channels
 Noise  Media
 Time & Distance
 Wrong choice and medium UNETHICAL COMMUNICATION – threatens
 Semantic barriers – same the quality of communication, consequently the
word, different meaning wellbeing of individuals and society
NEGOTIATION PRINCIPLES OFETHICAL COMMUNICATION
- Happens if you communicate  Be an advocate of truth
- Dialogue between two or more people  Endorse freedom of expression
with the intention of reaching a  Drive to understand and respect other
beneficial outcome communicators before evaluating and
responding to their message
PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS OF  Promote access to communication
COMMUNICATION
resources and opportunities to fulfill
Communication Ethics: human potential
 Promote communication climates of
Communication – imparting or exchange of caring and mutual understanding that
thoughts respect the unique needs
Ethics – a system or moral principles  Condemn communication that
degrades individuals
- Deals with values related to human  Being committed to courage
conduct, with respect to the rightness expression in pursuit of fairness and
of certain actions and to the goodness justice
and badness of the motives and ends  Respect confidentiality, privacy
of such actions.  Accept responsibility; long term &
ETHICS OF INTERPERSONAL short-term consequences
COMMUNICATION
 Maintaining the current balance EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION BY
between the speaking and listening HAROLDD LASSWELL (1448)
 The legitimacy of fear and emotional
appeal 5 W’s
 Degree of criticism and praise Who – the source
What - message
In which Channel – through what channel or
medium
To Whom – the audience
To what effect - the desired effect

WHO (speaker) → WHAT (message) →