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SCIENCE DLP

The document discusses various materials, including metals, polymers, plastics, rubber, ceramics, wood, and fibers, highlighting their useful properties and applications. It also addresses the potential harmful effects of these materials if not properly handled. Additionally, it touches on food and medicinal products, emphasizing the role of additives in enhancing appearance, taste, and texture.

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2 views

SCIENCE DLP

The document discusses various materials, including metals, polymers, plastics, rubber, ceramics, wood, and fibers, highlighting their useful properties and applications. It also addresses the potential harmful effects of these materials if not properly handled. Additionally, it touches on food and medicinal products, emphasizing the role of additives in enhancing appearance, taste, and texture.

Uploaded by

funo-an.joseph
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCIENCE

Lesson 2:
Useful and Harmful Properties of Materials
The Common Useful Materials
Metals
Metals are one of the strongest materials in the universe. However, ironic as it may seem, metals
are weak in their pure form. Some examples of pure metals include iron, copper, magnesium,
and aluminum. Alloys or the "strong metals" we know are mixtures of metals and other
materials.
Polymers
Polymers are very big molecules made of smaller molecules linked together into long and
repeating chains. You may not know it but you are using polymers every day more than any
other kind of materials.
Plastics
Plastic and rubber are synthetic materials like synthetic fibers.
Plastics are made from chemicals known as phenols, hydrocarbons, and formaldehyde. Plastics
can be used for storing food like microwavable plastic containers. They can be molded easily
because they have a high melting point.
Rubber
Rubber, on the other hand, is made of resin (sap) obtained from rubber trees. This resin is
enhanced, manufactured, and molded to form the rubber we know. Rubber is elastic; thus, it can
be stretched. Because of this characteristic, rubber is used as a primary component of tires for
cars and is sometimes used in packaging, as well. Rubber can also be an insulator of heat.
Ceramics
Ceramics are nonmetallic materials that include clay and glass. Have you seen a China teapot? It
is made up of ceramics. Ceramics can also be used to create bone, teeth replacement, and super
strong cutting tools.
Clay
What are false teeth made of and used for?
Clay is a fine-grain soil that combines one or more clay minerals with traces of metal oxides and
organic matter. It is used in pottery and in making floor tiles.

Glass
Can you name examples of products made up of glass? Glass, like ceramics, is derived from
quartz (silica). When quartz is melted under extreme heat and then cooled, it will form a
crystalline material known as glass. Glasses are shiny and transparent, but be careful not to drop
them because they are also brittle.
Wood Materials
Wood has several specific natural characteristics. It has its specific color and density, which is
the effect of humidity on the tree where wood comes from. Wood is flexible. It is relatively light
in weight compared to steel, yet has good strength and is very firm. It has rigidity and toughness.
Fiber Materials
Get a magnifying glass and use it to view a piece of cloth. What do you notice? Our clothes are
made of tiny, strong, and elongated strands called fibers. There are two types of fiber: naturally
occurring and synthetic fibers.
Naturally occurring fibers are derived from plants and animals. Fibers like cotton and wool are
harvested from the pad of the cotton plants and wool from animals' fleece like sheep and goats.
Synthetic fibers or artificial fibers, on the other hand, are man-made. Synthetic fibers are usually
derived from plastics and other chemicals, like polyester.

Which do you prefer to use, naturally occurring or synthetic fibers? Why?


The materials that we just discussed are all useful. Can they be harmful too? These materials can
be harmful both to our health and the environment if not properly used, handled, and disposed of.
Other Common Materials and Their Useful and Harmful Properties
Food Products
Food provides us with energy, and energy is derived from nutrients. Nutrients are
materials/substances found in food. We must follow the prescribed amount of food intake that
our body needs
1. Color Additives
Color is one of the most striking qualities affecting the appearance of food. Color is added to
food to enhance its visual appearance making it more attractive to eat. Some colors are used
purely for visual aesthetics, decoration on cakes, candies, and other sweet items.

2. Taste and Texture Modifiers


Additives are also used to improve the taste and texture of food, making it more desirable and
attractive to eat.
Medicinal Products
Medicines, drugs, or medical supplies are special products that treat us when we are sick.
Medicines can appear in the form of solid or liquid.
1. Solid medicine can either refer to tablets or encapsulated medicines usually given to teenagers
and adults because of the higher amount of dosage required.
2. Liquid medicines in bottles are given to infants and children like you because they contain a
lesser amount of dosage.

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