Republic of the Philippines

Ministry of Basic, higher and technical education

Math Reflection in
grade 7 to Grade 10

Submit by: Johairiah P. Mohasib

Submit to: Ms. Sonaya Pangampong h.usman

March 23, 2025

- Learned foundational algebraic concepts, integers, fractions, and decimals. Here’s a refined version
focusing on foundational algebraic concepts, integers, fractions, and decimals: Began solving linear
equations and explored basic geometry (angles, triangles, perimeter, and area).

Mastery of Mathematical Foundations**

-Integers: Learned operations with positive and negative numbers, including addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division

Integer- are whole numbers that can be positive, negative, or zero. They do not include fractions or
decimals.

- Positive integers: Numbers greater than zero (e.g., 1, 2, 3, …)

- Negative integers: Numbers less than zero (e.g., -1, -2, -3, …)

- Zero: Neither positive nor negative.

**Examples:**

1. 5 (positive integer)

2. -8 (negative integer)

3. 0 (neutral integer)
 Algebraic Concepts Explanation:

1. Variables and Constants– Variables are symbols (usually letters) that represent unknown values,
while constants are fixed values.

Example:In the expression x + 5 = 12, x is the variable, and **5** and **12** are constants.

2. Expressions and Equations – An expression is a combination of variables, constants, and operations,

*Example:*

- Expression: **3x + 2**

- Equation: **3x + 2 = 11**

3. Operations with Algebraic Expressions – Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division applied to
expressions.

*Example:* Simplify 2(x + 3) – 4:

- = 2x + 6 – 4 = 2x + 2

4. Polynomials – Expressions with multiple terms involving variables and exponents.

Example: 4x² + 3x – 5

5. Factoring – Breaking down a polynomial into simpler terms (factors) that can be multiplied to get the
original polynomial.

Example: Factor x² + 5x + 6:

- = (x + 2)(x + 3)
6. Solving Equations – Finding the value of the variable that satisfies the equation.

Example: Solve 2x + 3 = 11:

- 2x = 8

- x=4

- Integers are essential for performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding positive and negative
values, and solving real-world problems involving counting, measuring, and comparing.

- Algebra forms the foundation for solving equations, modeling real-life situations, and understanding
relationships between quantities. It is used in various fields such as science, engineering, and economics.

Both integers and algebraic concepts are fundamental in developing critical thinking, problem-solving
skills, and logical reasoning, which are applicable in everyday life and advanced mathematics.

#Grade 8 Math Overview:

1. Number Systems:

• Rational and irrational numbers

• Operations with integers, decimals, and fractions

2. Algebra

• Linear equations and inequalities

• Systems of linear equations

3. Functions:

• Introduction to functions and their representations

• Identifying and comparing functions

4.Geometry:

• Congruence and similarity

•Pythagorean Theorem

• Volume and surface area of 3D shapes

5. Statistics and Probability:

• Analyzing and interpreting data

• Basic probability concepts

6. Real-life Applications:

•Solving word problems

•Applying mathematical concepts to real-world situations

Grade 8 math prepares students for more advanced topics in high school, including algebra and
geometry, while developing logical thinking and problem-solving skills.

This content highlights key concepts typically learned in middle school or early high school math. Here’s
a brief breakdown:

1. Expanded Knowledge of Algebra

- Inequalities: Solving and graphing inequalities, such as x + 3 > 5.

- Systems of Equations:Solving multiple equations simultaneously, using methods like substitution or

2. Introduction to Geometry

- Basic Geometry Theorems: Concepts like angles in triangles, parallel lines, and properties of polygons.

- Pythagorean Theorem: Formula to calculate the length of a side in a right triangle:

\[ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \]

- Coordinate Geometry:Plotting points, understanding slopes, and calculating distances between

3. Ratios, Proportions, and Probability

- Ratios and Proportions: Comparing quantities and solving problems involving proportional
relationships.

- Probability: Basic understanding of likelihood and outcomes of events

#Grade 9
Algebra Overview:

-Quadratic Equations:Solved by factoring, completing the square, and using the quadratic formula.

- Polynomials: Operations, factoring techniques, and polynomial equations.

- Rational Expressions:*Simplification, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

- Linear and Quadratic Functions: Graphing, interpreting, and analyzing functions.

- Systems of Equations:Solving systems using substitution, elimination, and graphing.

- Understanding Functions

- Definition of a function

- Domain and range

- Identifying functions through graphs and mapping diagrams

- Types of Functions

- Linear functions: \(y = mx + b\)

- Quadratic functions: \(y = ax^2 + bx + c\)

- Exponential functions and other types

- Graphing Functions

- Plotting points and interpreting graphs

- Identifying key features (intercepts, slope, vertex, etc.)

- Transformation of functions (translations, reflections, scaling)

# Overview of Polynomials, Monomials, and Related Terms:

1. Monomial

- A single term with a constant, a variable, or a product of both.

- Form: \(ax^n\) where:

- \(a\) is a constant (coefficient)

- \(x\) is a variable

- \(n\) is a non-negative integer (exponent)

- Examples:
 - \(3x^2\)

- \(-5y\)

- \(7\)

2. Binomial

- A polynomial with two terms separated by a plus or minus sign.

- Form: \(ax^n + bx^m\)

- Examples:

- \(3x + 5\)

- \(2y^2 - 4y\)

3. **Trinomial

- A polynomial with three terms.

- Form: \(ax^n + bx^m + c\)

- Examples:

- \(x^2 + 3x + 2\)

- \(4y^3 - 2y + 6\)

4. Polynomial

- A general term for expressions with **one or more terms**.

- Form:\(a_nx^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1} + \ldots + a_1x + a_0\)

- Degree:** Highest exponent in the expression.

- Examples:

- \(x^3 - 2x^2 + 5x - 3\)

- \(5y + 1\)
5. Degree of a Polynomial

- The highest exponent of the variable in the polynomial.

- Examples:

- Degree of \(4x^3 + 2x - 7\) is **3**

- Degree of \(5y^2 - 3\) is **2**

#### 6. **Constant Polynomial**

- A polynomial with no variable, only a constant.

- **Example:**

- \(5\)

- \(-3\)

#### Summary:

- **Monomial:** 1 term

- **Binomial:** 2 terms

- **Trinomial:** 3 terms

- **Polynomial:** Multiple terms (general form)

#Grade 10
### **Key Concepts to Learn About Midpoint:**

1. Midpoint Formula

- Know how to apply the formula:

\[
 M = \left( \frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}, \frac{y_1 + y_2}{2} \right)

\]

- Used to find the exact center between two points.

2. Understanding Line Segments

- Midpoint divides a line segment into two equal parts.

- Helps in determining symmetry and balance in geometry.

3. Application in Coordinate Geometry

- Useful for solving problems involving distances, slopes, and equations of lines.

- Helps in locating the center of geometric shapes like triangles and rectangles.

4. Finding Missing Coordinates

- If the midpoint and one endpoint are given, you can calculate the missing endpoint.

5. Distance Relationship

- The distance from the midpoint to each endpoint is always equal, which can help in verifying the
correctness of solutions.

6. Practical Applications

- Used in fields like architecture, engineering, and computer graphics to find the center or balance of
objects.

Before solving the problem you need to get first your x axes and y axes

And more important they you needy to be families in solving midpoint is the formula of midpoint