MODEL ANSWERS

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

ANSWER ALL QUESTION

Question 1
Direction: For each question, there are four alternatives: A, B, C and D. Choose the correct
alternatives and circle it. DO NOT circle more than ONE alternative. If there is more than
one choice circled, NO score will be awarded. [20Marks]
I. The Earth takes 24 hours to complete one rotation of 360 longitude, what will be the time
taken to cover one-degree longitude?
A – 4 minutes. C – 15 minutes.
B – 10 minutes. D – 60 minutes.

II. A vertical cross section of the soil as shown in the diagram is:

A – Soil Texture. C – Soil Structure.

B – Soil Profile. D – Soil Property.

III. The atmosphere is composed of:

A- Gases, water vapour and oxygen.
B- Dust particles, gases and water vapour.
 C- Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
D- Water vapour, dust particles and ozone.

IV. The main work of a river in its lower course is:

A- Transportation.
B- Erosion.
C- Deposition.
D- Erosion and deposition.

V. A population structure consists of a number of males and females in different age groups.
The age group between 15 – 59 years is considered as
A – An aging group.
B – Dependent age group.
C – Uneconomical age group.
D – Economically productive age group.

VI. This pattern of settlement is generally found and developed on the hills and slopes of
mountains. The statement best describes
A – Linear settlement. C – Clustered settlement.
B – Terraced settlement. D – Dispersed settlement.

A B

VII. In the above picture, given landform A is formed by

A – Erosional work of a river in the first stage.
B – Erosional work of a river in the second stage.
C – Transportation work of river in the first stage.
 D – Transportation work of river in the second stage.

VIII. Which of the following options show the CORRECT flow of energy in an ecosystem?
A – Fungi plant rabbit snake.
B – Plant rabbit deer tiger.
C – Plant rabbit snake eagle.
D – Grasshopper shrew rabbit snake.

IX. Deciduous trees usually shed their leaves during winter, whereas evergreen trees do not.
Which of the following is a deciduous tree?
A – Oak. C – Hemlock.
B – Cypress. D – Blue pine.

X. The disaster management cycle consists of four phases that considers activity before, during
and after a disaster. The activity that is carried out before a disaster is called
A – Mitigation. C – Response.
B – Recovery. D – Preparedness.

XI. What will be the R.F of a map, if the statement scale of a map is 2cm = 1 km?
A – 1:20,000. C – 1:50,000.
B – 1:40,000. D – 1:60,000.

XII. As per the World Bank report of 2020, the population of Bhutan has increased by 1.1%. The
growth of population during the year has been due to:
A – Death rate is higher than birth rate.
B – Birth rate is higher than the death rate.
C – Immigration is more than emigration.
D – Migration is more than immigration.

XIII. The increase in the world’s population exerts more pressure on the environment, therefore,
management of the natural environment has become necessary. What do you understand by
management of natural environment?
A – Proper use of land resources in the environment.
 B – Proper use of water resources in the environment.
C – Proper use of resources in the environment.
D – Exploitation of resources in the environment.

XIV. Different features are depicted in a contour map with contour lines. Closely spaced contours
in the map depicts a:

A – Tableland. C – Steep slope.

B – Plain area. D – Gentle slope.

XV. Trashigang Dzonkhag Census Officer found out that there are more aged population in his
dzongkhag. This is because of
A – High birth rate of population.
B – High death rate.
C – Decrease in life expectancy.
D – Increase in life expectancy.

XVI. Why do you think that the volume of river increases in middle stage?
A. Many tributaries will join the main river.
B. The gradient of the land is plain.
C. Velocity of the river is less.
D. It forms Ox Bow Lake.

XVII. The earth has bulge at equator and flat at the poles because
A. The speed of rotation is more at equator.
B. The shape is oblate spheroid.
 C. It is flat at the poles.
D. It is bulge at the equator.

XVIII. The difference in height between two consecutive contour lines is

A. Spot height. C. Contour interval.
B. Contour index. D. Contour index interval

XIX. If there is an international dateline in between place A and place B, when it is Monday at
place A, what will be the day at place B?
A. Wednesday. C. Tuesday.
B. Saturday. D. Sunday.

XX. When hot molten materials come out on the earth surface it is known as
A. Lava.
B. Magma.
C. Molten rock.
D. Fire ball.

Question 2
Direction: Write TRUE or FALSE against each statement. [5]
Questions Answers
i. The Great Circle divides the Earth into two equal halves. TRUE

ii. Vegetation affects the climate of a place. TRUE

iii. Earthquake is mainly caused by soil erosion. FALSE
iv. The upper course of the river is also known as youthful stage. TRUE
v. In rural settlements, most people are engaged in tertiary FALSE
activities.

Question 3
Direction: Match each item in Column I against the most appropriate item in Column II.
[5]

Column A Column B Column C

i. Richter scale a. Sandy soil i. e

ii. Size of the soil b. Linear pattern ii. d

iii. Fertile materials deposited at the c. Terraced pattern iii. f
base of mountain
iv. Large particles and not sticky d. Soil texture iv. a
v. Settlements usually built along e. Earthquake v. b
the road or river
f. Alluvial soil

Question 4
Direction: Fill in the blanks with correct choice of words. [5]
i) ……Seismologist……is the person who study about the earthquakes and its related
activity.
ii) The position on the orbit when the Earth is farthest from the Sun is …Aphelion…
iii) An insect eating plant of Tropical Rain Forest is …..Venus flytrap…...
iv) The increasing population is seen as a problem as it causes more pressure on …Natural
Resources….
v) The non-living elements of an ecosystem are called …Abiotic....components.
 SECTION B [50 Marks]
ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS
Question 5
a) Define scales and state three types of scale. [4]

Ans: Scale: the ratio between distance on the map and distance on the ground.
3 types of scales:

1. Statement scale.
2. Representative fraction.
3. Linear scale.

b) Convert the scales: [2*3=6]

i. R.F. 1:75000 to statement scale (cm to km)

Ans: Given RF is 1:75000 (1cm=75000cm)

1km=100000cm
75000cm= 750000 ÷ 100000 km = 0.75km
Therefore, statement scale is 1cm-0.75km

ii. Statement Scale 2cm= 6km to R.F.

Ans: Given SS is 2cm=6km

1km=100000cm
6km= 6*100000cm = 600000cm
RF= Map Distance ÷ Ground Distance
= 2 cm ÷ 600000 cm
Therefore RF = 1: 300000

Question 6
 a) The football match between Manchester City and Chelsea will be broadcasted live from 30
West longitude at 3 PM. At what time can you watch the match living at 20East?
[2]

20◦ E
30◦ W

3 PM ?

Ans: longitudinal difference is 30˚W + 20˚ E = 50˚

Convert degrees into minutes

1˚ = 4 minutes
50˚= 4*50= 200 minutes
Convert minutes into hours
1 hour= 60 minutes
200 mins= 200÷60 = 3 hours 20 minutes (time difference)
Therefore, time at 20˚E = 3PM + 3 hrs 20 mins
= 6.20PM

b) If you are lost in a dense jungle, a compass will be useful to you. How does a compass help
you? Write TWO points. [2]
Ans: 1. Compass help to know which direction you are travelling/heading.
2. Help to tell which direction an object is from you.
3. Help to keep you following a straight line of travel.
4. Help to orient a map- aligning a map with the actual land.
5. Triangulation- determining your location with a map.

c) Why would you prefer to sit under a tree on a hot sunny day? Support your answer with
TWO reasons.
[2]
Ans: 1. To balance the body temperature.
2. Trees give a shade to us.
3. Trees avoid us from sun burns and other related sicknesses.
 4. Trees give a fresh air to breathe.

d) Why are iron and copper considered as non-renewable resources? Give reasons. [2]
Ans: Reasons:
1. It is not abundant/not enough/not in large quantities in the nature.
2. It can be exhausted/finished. It is limited in nature
3. It cannot be renewed/replenished/reused again.

e) Earthquake and volcanoes are constructive in nature? Justify the statement with TWO
reasons.
[2]
Ans: Reasons:
1. It help to form a new landforms.
2. It help to develop new natural environment.
3. New biodiversity is evident in those areas.

Question 7
a) Your father living in Saudi Arabia at 45East longitude calls you at 9 PM. You receive his
call at 3 PM the same day, what is the location (longitude) of your place? [2]

30◦ E
?

3 PM 9 PM

Ans: Time difference is 3PM to 9PM = 6 hours

Convert hours into minutes

1 hour = 60 minutes
6 hours= 6*60 = 360 minutes
Convert minutes into degrees
1˚ = 4 minutes. So, 1 minute= 1/4˚
360 minutes = 360÷4 = 90˚
Therefore, place is located at 30˚E – (90˚) = 60˚W
 b) Design a poster to create an awareness on the importance of rivers for the socio-economic
development of our country. [2]
Ans:

c) State at least ONE advantage and ONE disadvantage of solar energy. [2]
Ans:
Advantages Disadvantages
i. Renewable energy source i. High initial cost.
ii. Reduced electric bill. ii. Intermittent energy source.
iii. Uses a lot of space.
iii. Insurance against rising energy costs.
iv. Small amount of pollution during
iv. Cheaper power source. manufacture, transport and
v. Return on investment. installation.
v. Not ideal if you plan on moving
vi. Environmentally friendly.
house.
vii. Energy independence. vi. Location of solar cells.

d) Would you prefer to live in the plains or in the mountains? Give TWO justifications to
support your choice. [2]
Ans: Plains:
1. Transportation is easier in plain landforms.
2. Harvesting is lot more easily in the plain landforms.
3. The plain landforms are the most fertile landforms.
4. The plain landforms the most suitable living place for humans.

Mountains:
1. Breathe Fresh Air. Being on the mountaintops allows you to live far from pollution and
experience air that is free of toxic gases. ...
2. Lower Risk of Heart Diseases. ...
3. Stay Active. ...
4. Feel at Peace. ...
5. Enjoy the Northern Colorado Mountain Life.

e) Develop an individual disaster management plan to be used at home in the event of an

earthquake with all the phases. Support your answer with a suitable diagram. [2]
Ans: Disaster management plan

4. Mitigation.
Activities that reduce the effect of
disaster.
Example: Mapping, identify risk
zone and awareness.
1. Preparedness
Activities before disaster.
Example: Plans, training, practice
and warning system.

Disaster
Management

2. Recovery
Activities after disaster. 2. Response
Example: Temporary housing, Activities during disaster.
financial help, medical care, Example: Public warning,
counselling and rehabilitation. emergency operation, search and
rescue.
Question 8
a) Figure A shows Thimphu in late 1980s and figure B, Thimphu in 2000s. [2]

Figure A Figure B

Compare these two photographs and explain how humans have impacted the environment?
Ans: the above diagrams show the relationship between the environment and the people
inhabitants. Figure A shows the situation where people in the past lived with less modern
infrastructures, there were no development, and population was very low resulting to few
settlements. As a result, the natural environment is seen intact, pristine forest around is evident,
beautiful agriculture farmlands surrounds the settlement. Natural resources were available
which could meet the demand of population.
On the other hand, Figure B shows the modern settlement with concrete tall buildings, clustered
houses, and high population density with all those modern infrastructures. The agricultural land,
pristine forest and available natural resources are not evident. With the growing population, all
those beautiful natural environment were converted to a structural areas. Loss of biodiversity
and the impact to ecosystem is much evident.

b) State any TWO factors affecting population change of the country.

The change in population has been less than 2.0% since 2003 as per the information given in
Question 7b. What do you think are some of the reasons for decrease in this? Mention at least
TWO reasons.
[2]
Ans: Reasons:
1. Birth Rate.
2. Death Rate.
 c) Monsoon plays an important role. What would happen if there is no monsoon? [2]
Ans:
1. People cannot live without water.
2. Soils become dry, no crops can be grown, and Agriculture will destroy.
3. No storage of water, which cause drought situation and also death of living
organisms.
4. Rain water is the only source of getting fresh water from salt water.
5. The water content of rivers, wells, ponds become low.
6. Lack of rain in the monsoon affect aquatic organisms also.

d) Why the natural vegetation of the world is undergoing various changes? [2]
Ans: Reasons:
1. Increased population resulted in increased demand for food production
2. Growing demand for cultivated land.
3. Development of industries and mining.
4. Urbanization and over-grazing of pastures.

e) What would happen to the earth if it was without an atmosphere? Give TWO possible
consequences?
[2]
Ans: Reasons:

1. Without atmosphere life would not be possible as atmosphere protects us from harmful

gases.

2. We could not live without air present in atmosphere.

3. In absence of the atmosphere, the earth would get so cold at night that we would not be

able to survive.

4. Protects us from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation.

5. It creates the pressure without which liquid water couldn't exist on our planet's surface.

6. It warms our planet and keeps temperatures habitable for our living Earth.