ANDHRA PRADESH

RECRUITMENT OF ASSISTANT PROFESSORS IN THE UNIVERSITY

SYLLABUS FOR THE SCREENING TEST

PHARMACY

SUBJECT CODE – 48

PHARMACEUTICS

Introduction to Physical Pharmacy:

Micromeritics and Powder Rheology; Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon; Viscosity and
Theology; Dispersion Systems; Complexation;
Importance of Microbiology in Pharmacy:
Identification of Microbes; Control of microbes by physical and chemical methods: Sterilization:
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology:
Recombinant DNA Techology, Immunology and Immunological Preparations.
Ferementation Metods for production of Antibiotics, Citric Acid, Vitamin B12,
Introduction to Dispensing and Community Pharmacy:
Prescription, Psology, Alligation Method, Adjustment of Isotonicity, Incompatibilities: Physical
and chemical incompatibilities, inorganic incompatibilities including incompatibilities of metals
and their salts, non-metals, acids, alkalis, organic incompatibilities. Purine bases, alkaloids.
pyrazolone derivatives, amino acids, quaternary ammonium compounds, carbohydrates,
glycosides, anesthetics, dyes, surface active agents, correction of incompatibilities. Therapeutic
Incompatibilities.

Community Pharmacy:
Organization and Structure of Hospital Pharmacy; Hospital Formulary; Drug Store Management
and Inventory Control; Drug Distribution Systems in Hospitals; Drug Information Services.
Importance of Unit Operations in Manufacturing:
Fluid Flow; Heat transfer; Evaporation; Distillation; Drying; Size Reduction; Mixing: Filtration
and Centrifugation; Crystallization; Dehumidification and Humidity Control; Refrigeration and
Air Conditioning; Materials of Construction; Material Handling Systems.

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Dosage Forms, Design and Evaluation:
Pre-formulation studies: Study of physical properties of drug like physical form, particle size.
shape, density, wetting, dielectric constant. Solubility, dissolution and organoleptic properties
and their effect on formulation, stability and bioavailability. Study of chemical properties of
drugs like hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization, polymerizaton etc. and their influence
on formulation and stability of products. Study of pro-drugs in solving problems related to
stability, bioavailability and elegancy of formulations.
Design of Dosage Forms and Performance Evaluation Methods: Liquid Dosage Forms:
Semisolid Dosage Forms; Suppositories; Extraction and Galenical Products; Blood Products and
Plasma Substitutes; Powders; Pharmaceutical Aerosols; Ophthalmic Preparations: Tablets;
Coating of Tablets; Capsules; Micro-encapsulation; Parenteral Products; Different types of Novel
Drug Delivery Systems.
Cosmetic Science: Cosmetic Excipients for different cosmetics, Skin Care Products. Hair Care
Products and their evaluation methods.
Packaging of Pharmaceutical Products: Materials used for packaging of pharmaceutical products,
factors influencing choice of containers, legal and official requirements for containers. Stability
aspects of packaging materials, quality control tests.
Design, development and process validation methods for pharmaceutical operations involved in
the production of pharmaceutical products with special reference to disperse systems, tablets,
capsules and sterile products.
Stabilization and stability testing protocol for the above pharmaceutical products. ICH & WHO
Guidelines for stability testing of drug substances and drug products, stress testing.

Biopharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics:

Biopharmaceutical aspects of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination.
Calculation of Pharmacokinetics using one and two Compartment Models, Non-linear
Pharmacokinetics, Non-compartmental Analysis. Determination of Bioavailability and
Bioequivalence.

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

Inorganic Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry:

Importance of inorganic compounds in Pharmacy and Medicine; Gastrointestinal Agents: Major

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Intra- and Extra-cellular Electrolytes; Essential and Trace Topical Agents: Gases and Vapors;
Products; Miscellaneous Agents.
Pharmaceutical Aids used in Pharmaceutical Industry: Acids, Bases and Buffers; Inorganic
Radiopharmaceuticals.

Physical Chemistry and its importance in Pharmacy:

Solutions; Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon; Complexation; pH, Buffers and Isotonic
Solutions; Phase Rule; Adsorption; Kinetics and Drug Stability.
Organic Chemistry and its importance in Pharmacy:
Stereochemistry; Stereo selective and Stereospecific Reactions; Structure, Nomenclature,
Preparation and Reactions of: Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions;
Elimination Reactions; Conservation of Orbital Symmetry and Rules.
Neighboring Group Effects; Catalysis by Transition Metal Complexes; Heterocyclic Compounds.
Medicinal Chemistry
Drug Metabolism and Concept of Prodrugs; Principles of Drug (Theoretical Aspects): Synthetic
Procedures, Mode of Action, Uses, Structure Activity Relationships including Phvsico-chemical
of the Following Classes of Drugs:
Autacoids; Steroidal Drugs; Drugs acting on the Central Nervous System;
Diuretics; Cardiovascular Drugs; Thyroid and Anti Thyroid Drugs; Insulin and Oral
Hypoglycemic Agents; Microbial Transformations; Enzyme Immobilization.

Biochemistry
Enzymes; Co-enzymes; The Citric Acid Cycle; Lipids Metabolism; Biological Oxidation-
Metabolism of Ammonia and Nitrogen containing Monomers; Purine Biosymthesis;
Biosymthesis of Nucleic Acids;

PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
Fundamentals of Volumetric Analysis: Acid Base Titrations; Oxidation Reduction Titrations:
Precipitation Titrations; Gravimetric Analysis; Non-aqueous Titrations; Complexometric
Titrations.
Extraction procedures including separation of drugs from excipients;
Potentiometry; Conductometry; Coulorimetry; Polarography; Amperometry; Different
Chromatographic Techniques and their applications in Qualitative and Quantitative estimation of
drugs.

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Theoretical Aspects, Basic Instrumentation, Elements of Interpretation of Spectra, and
Applications (quantitative and qualitative) of the following Analytical Techniques:
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometry, Fluorirnetry, Infrared Spectrophotometry. Nuclear
Magnetic Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, Flame Photometry Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction Analysis, Radioimmunoassay.
Quality Assurance:
GLP, ISO 9000; Total Quality Management (TQM); Quality Review and Quality
Documentation; Regulatory Control; Regulatory Drug Analysis; Interpretation of Analytical
Data; Validation; Quality Audit: Quality of Equipment; Validation of Equipment: Validation of
Analytical Procedures.

PHARMACOLOGY

Pathophysiology of common diseases: Basic Principles of Cell Injury and Adaptations: Basic
Mechanisms involved in the process of Inflammation and Repair; Immuno pathophysiology;
Pathophysiology of Common Diseases:
Asthma, Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Gout, Ulcerative Colitis, Neoplasia. Psychosis,
Depression, Mania, Epilepsy, Acute and Chronic Renal Failure, Hypertension, Angina-
Congestive Heart Failure, Atherosclerosis, Myocardial Infarction, Congestive Heart Failure.
Peptic Ulcer, Anemias, Hepatic Disorders, Tuberculosis, Urinary Tract Infections and Sexually
Transmitted Diseases.
Fundamentals of General Pharmacology: Pharmacology of Peripheral Nervous System:
Pharmacology of Central Nervous System; Pharmacology of Cardiovascular System: Drugs
Acting on the Hemopoietic System; Drugs acting on Urinary System; Autacoids; Drugs Acting
on the Respiratory System; acting on the Gastrointestinal Tract; Pharmacology of Endocrine
System; Chemotherapy.
Important Disorders of Organs, Systems and their Management:
Cardio-vascular disorders: Hypertension, Congestive Heart Failure, Angina, Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Cardiac Arrhythmias.
CNS Disorders; Respiratory Disease; Gastrointestinal Disorders; Endocrine Disorders; Infectious
Joint and Connective Tissue Disorders; Neoplastic Diseases.
General Principles of Chemotherapy; Bacterial Resistance; Sulfonamides and Cotrimoxazole:
Antibiotics - Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides.
Tetracyclines, Quinolones, Fluoroquinolones and Miscellaneous Antibiotics; Chemotherapy of

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Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Fungal Diseases, Viral Diseases, HIV and AIDS, Urinary Tract
Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Malaria, Amoebiasis and other Protozoal
Infections Anthelmentics. Chemotherapy of Maliglancy and Immunosuppressive Agents.

Basic Concepts of Pharmacotherapy:

Clinical Pharmacokinetics and individualization of Drug therapy, Drug delivery systems and
their Biopharmaceutics & Therapeutic considerations, used during infancv and in the elderly
persons (Pediatrics & Geriatrics), used during Drug Induced Diseases. The basics of Drug
Interactions, General principles of clinical toxicology, Common Clinical Laboratory Tests and
their Interpretation.
Pharmacy Practice:
Organization of Hospital Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy, Drug Distribution Systems in
Hospital, Hospital Formulary, Pharmacotherapeutic Committee, Drug Information Centre.
Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions and their reporting.

PHARMACOGNOSY

Sources of Drugs; Classification of Drugs; Study of medicinally important plants belonging to

the families with special reference to:
Apocynacae, Solanaceae, Rutaceae, Umbelliferae, Leguminosae, Rubiaceae, Liliaceae Graminae,
Labiatae, Cruciferae, Papaveraceae.
Cultivation, Collection, Processing and Storage of Crude Drugs: Quality Control of Crude
Drugs:, Introduction to Active Constituents of Drugs.
Systematic Pharmacognostic study of the followings:
Carbohydrates and Derived Products, Lipids, Resins, Tannins, Volatile Oils, Fibers,
Phytochemical Screening.
Study of the sources, cultivation, collection, commercial varieties, chemical constituents,
substitutes, adulterants, diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features and specific chemical
tests of following groups of drugs.
Glycoside containing Drugs:
Saponins, Cardio active Glycosides, Anthraquinone Cathartics.
Alkaloid containing Drugs:
Pyridine-piperidine, Tropane, Quinoline and Isoquinoline, Indole, Imidazole, Steroidal.
Alkaloidal Amine, Glycoalkaloid, Purines.

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Studies of Traditional Drugs:
Common vernacular names, Botanical sources, morphology, chemical nature of chief
constituents, pharmacology, categories and common uses and marketed formulations of
following indigenous drugs: Amla, Kantkari, Satavari, Tylophora, Bhilawa, Kalijiri, Bach,
Rasna, Punamava, Chitrack, Apamarg, Gokhru, Shankhapushpi, Brahmi, Adusa, Atjuna. Ashoka,
Methi, Lahsun, Palash, Guggal, Gymnema, Shilajit, Nagarmotha and Neem.
The holistic concept of drug administration in traditional systems of medicine. Introduction to
Ayurvedic preparations like Arishtas, Asvas, Gutikas, Tailas, Chumas, Lehyas and Bhasmas.
General Techniques of Biosynthetic Studies Basic Metabolic Pathways/Biogenesis: Brief
introduction to Biogenesis of Secondary of Pharmaceutical importance. Terpenes. Carotenoids,
Glycosides, Alkaloids.
Lignans, Quassanoids and Flavonoids. Role of plant based drugs on National Economy:
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants in India - Utilization and production of phyto-constituents such as Quinine,
Calcium, Sennosides, Podophyllotoxin, Diosgenin, Solasodine, and Tropane Alkaloids.
Utilization of Aromatic Plants and derived products with special reference to Sandalwood Oil,
Mentha Oil, Lemon Grass Oil, Vetiver Oil, Geranium Oil and Eucalyptus Oil. World-wide trade
in medicinal plants and derived products with special reference to Diosgenin (Disocorea), Taxol
(Taxussps) Digitalis, Tropane Alkaloid containing plants, Papain, Cinchona, Ipecac, Liquorice.
Ginseng, Aloe, Valerian, Rauwolfia and plants containing laxatives. Plant bitters and sweeteners.
Plant Tissue Culture

BIOSTATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Correlation and Regression, Parametric and Non-parametric Tests, Design and Analysis of
Experiments, Methods to be followed for Literature Survey and Documentation of Research
Proposals and Research Outcomes. Referencing Styles.

PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE & ETHICS

An elaborate study of the following: Pharmaceutical Ethics; Pharmacy Act 1948; Drugs and
Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945; Medicinal & Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act 1955;
Narcotic & Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 & Rules; Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act
1960; Drugs Price Control Order 2013.
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