UNIT 1: Introduction to E-Commerce

Definition and scope of E-Commerce and M-Commerce

E-Commerce

Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce, refers to the buying and selling of
goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions.
Ecommerce is often used to refer to the sale of physical products online, but it can also describe any kind
of commercial transaction that is facilitated through the internet.

Whereas e-business refers to all aspects of operating an online business, ecommerce refers specifically to
the transaction of goods and services.

E-commerce is also referred to as Electronic commerce or internet commerce. It is the process of selling
and buying goods as well as services via internet. Some popular e-Commerce platforms are Shopify,
WooCommerce, BigCommerce, Magento, Wix, and Squarespace.

The first ever online sale was in 1994 when a man sold a CD by the band Sting to his friend through his
website Net Market, an American retail platform. This is the first example of a consumer buying a product
from a business through the World Wide Web or e-commerce as we commonly know it today. After that e-
commerce has evolved to make products easier to discover and purchase through online retailers and
marketplaces. All freelancers as well as small and large businesses have been benefited from e-commerce
which enables them to sell their goods and services at a scale that was not possible with traditional offline
retail.

Scope in E-Commerce

The potential for e-commerce development is enormous. Now a days one can buy products online through
some sites like Flipkart and Amazon. In the age of e-commerce everything from gym equipment to laptops
are available online. E-Commerce is a super set of business cases. It includes E-trading, E-Franchising, E-
Mailing, E-Engineering etc. Scope of e-commerce can be enumerated as follows:

1. Exchange of digitized information

2. Technology-enabled

3. Customers retention

4. Accounting

5. Supplier integration

6. Support the exchange

1. Exchange of digitized information: The digitized information exchange can represent

communications between two parties, coordination of the flow of goods and service, or transmission of
electronic orders. These exchange can be between organizations or individuals.

2. Technology-enabled: E-Commerce is about technology-enabled transactions. Web

browsers are perhaps the best Know of these technology-enabled customer interfaces. However, other
interfaces including automated teller machines (ATMs) also fall in the general category of e-commerce.
Business once managed transactions with customers and markets strictly through human interaction; In
e-commerce, such transitions can be managed using technology.

3. Customers retention: E-Commerce enables organizations to get classified and customized market
information that helps in retaining customers through fast order fulfillment and effective customers
relationship management (CRM). End-to-End supply chain management in e-commerce provides the
opportunity the overall flow of demand and supply and results in fruitful customers retention.
 4. Accounting: Financial accounting, treasury management and asset management are best possible in
e-commerce because of integrated database. Financial planning and strategy determination become more
convenient in e-commerce.

5. Supplier integration: For lowering inventory-carrying costs and broader availability of material and
opportunities suppliers network can be integrated through EDI to implement just-in-time (JIT) inventory
management.

6. Support the exchange: E-Commerce includes intra and interorganizational activities that support the
exchange. The scope of e-commerce includes all electronically based intra and interorganizational
activities that directly or indirectly support marketplace exchange. In this sense, we are talking about a
phenomenon that affects both How business organizations relate to external parties customers, suppliers,
partners, competitors, and markets and how they operate internally in managing activities, processes and
systems.

E-Commerce has various features, such as -

o Improved sales - E-Commerce gives a large improvement in existing sales volume. Using e-
commerce, we can generate orders and products from any time, anywhere, without any human
intervention.

o Cashless Payment - E-Commerce allows the use of electronic payment. It allows the transaction
from credit cards, debit cards, electronic fund transfer via bank's website, and other electronic
payment methods.

o 24x7 availability - E-Commerce provides 24x7 service availability. It is available anywhere,

anytime. It automates the business of enterprises and their process of providing services to their
customers.

o Advertising and Marketing - E-Commerce helps in good marketing management of products and
services. It helps to increase the reach of advertising of products and services of businesses.

o Improvement in communication - E-commerce gives faster, efficient and reliable

communication with customers and partners.

The features of e-commerce are not limited to the above-listed features. There are some features of e-
commerce includes Inventory management and support. It provides better services to its customers.

Now, let's come to our main topic, i.e., the advantages and disadvantages of e-commerce.

Advantages of E-commerce

E-commerce is beneficial for organizations, society, and customers. So we can categorize its benefits into
three categories: benefits to consumers, benefits to society, and benefits to organizations.

Advantages to Consumers

There are various benefits of E-commerce to consumers that are listed as follows -

o It is also mentioned in features of e-commerce that it provides 24x7 supports to its consumers. It
provides the facility of placing orders anytime, anywhere, or from any location.

o It provides more options to its customers and gives a faster delivery of products.

o Users can select cheaper and better options via e-commerce as it provides more options to its
customers.

o Before the final purchase of a product, a customer can see the reviews and comments of a
particular product and can also put their reviews and comments about a product.
 o It provides the information in an easy way, i.e., the information is not hard to read. A customer
can see the detailed information of a product within some seconds instead of waiting for days.

o Because of e-commerce, the competition between the organization increases, and as a result
organization gives ample discounts to its customers.

Advantages to Society

There are various benefits of E-commerce to society that are listed as follows

o It is majorly beneficial for reducing air pollution because e-commerce customers do not require to
travel, and as a result, there will be less traffic on the road.

o It provides the facility to rural areas to access services and products that are otherwise unavailable
to them.

o E-commerce is helpful to government in delivering the public services like education and healthcare
in a better way and at a minimal cost.

It is beneficial to society in many ways, as it helps to reduce pollution, and other benefits include saves
time, anytime, anywhere accessibility, and many more.

Advantages of organizations

There are various benefits of E-commerce to organizations that are listed as follows -

o Using e-commerce, paperwork is reduced.

o With minimum investment, organizations can expand their business or market to national and
international levels.

o E-commerce helps to improve the company's brand image.

o It is also helpful to organizations to provide better services to their customers.

o E-commerce digitizes the information that helps to manage the paper-based information, reduce
the cost of creating processes.

o It helps to increase the productivity of organizations.

So, these are the benefits of e-commerce. Along with the above-mentioned benefits, it also has
limitations. Now, let's see the limitations of using e-commerce.

Disadvantages of E-commerce

The limitations of using e-commerce are mentioned as follows -

o As there is a requirement of the internet to use e-commerce, it is possible that the internet may be
slow.

o It does not have any universal standard for reliability and quality.

o There can be compatibility issues.

o Security is another concern of using e-commerce. We have seen security breaches many times
where the customer's information got stolen. Some of the big concerns with customers include
identity theft, credit card theft, etc.

o E-commerce uses a public key that is not secure.

o It is a major drawback in E-commerce that there is a lack of feel or touch of products while
purchasing them online.
 o It is inconvenient to use the internet for those people who are living in remote villages, and it is
still not cheaper.

o The cost of the creation and building of an e-commerce application may be very high.

o It is hard to convince traditional users to purchase products online rather than in physical stores.

o Sometimes, there is a risk of purchasing unsatisfactory products via E-commerce.

That's all about the article. Here we discussed E-commerce along with its advantages and disadvantages.
Hope you find it informative and knowledgeable.

What is M-Commerce?

Mobile commerce or simply M-Commerce means engaging users in a buy or sell process via a mobile
device. For instance, when someone buys an Android app or an iPhone app, that person is engaged in m-
commerce. There are a number of content assets that can be bought and sold via a mobile device such as
games, applications, ringtones, subscriptions etc.

Benefits of M-Commerce

The major benefit of engaging in m-commerce is the sheer size of potential sales. The probability of your
potential customers owning a Smartphone is very high, so you can safely assume that you will get much
more positive response from mobile devices than your website. M-commerce is recommended for every
business irrespective of its type, scale, and size.

Applications of M-commerce

Other than the straightforward m-commerce transactions of buying and selling of goods and services, they
have so many applications. Let us take a look at a few examples,

 Mobile Banking: Using a mobile website or application to perform all your banking functions. It is
one step ahead of online banking and has become commonplace these days. For example, in
Nigeria, the majority of banking transactions happen on mobile phones.

 Mobile Ticketing and Booking: Making bookings and receiving your tickets on the mobile. The
digital ticket or boarding pass is sent directly to your phone after you make the payment from it.
Even in India now IRTC and other services provide m-ticketing services.

 E-bills: This includes mobile vouchers, mobile coupons to be redeemed and even loyalty points or
cards system.

 Auctions: Online auctions having now been developed to be made available via mobile phones as
well.

 Stock Market Reports and even stock market trading over mobile applications.

Advantages of M-commerce

 It provides a very convenient and easy to use the system to conduct business transactions.

 Mobile commerce has a very wide reach. A huge part of the world’s population has a mobile phone
in their pocket. So the sheer size of the market is tremendous.

 M-commerce also helps businesses target customers according to their location, service provider,
the type of device they use and various other criteria. This can be a good marketing tool.

 The costs of the company also reduced. This is due to the streamlined processes, now transaction
cost, low carrying cost and low order processing cost as well.

Disadvantages of M-commerce
  The existing technology to set up an m-commerce business is very expensive. It has great start-
up costs and many complications arise.

 In developing countries, the networks and service providers are not reliable. It is not most suitable
for data transfer.

 Then there is the issue of security. There are many concerns about the safety of the customer’s
private information. And the possibility of a data leak is very daunting.

Scope of M-commerce

In a developing age, India has become a large market of the smartphones and gadgets and major age
group of the customer is between 20-55 years.In various surveys, it is noticed that almost 50% of the
users grab their mobile phones immediately after wake up and checks multiple notifications and messages
which engage them in the applications showing offers and sale offering discounts in monetary terms.

Though India is becoming digitalized gradually, there is a vast scope of M-Commerce in the near future
and various ways to improve paths for increasing their business over the internet.

Features of M-commerce

Following are some of the features of M-commerce

1. Pervasiveness: The term pervasiveness defines the easy accessibility of information in real-time,
i.e., it is an easier way for the users to fulfill their desired products query.

2. Accessibility: Devices like mobile and tablets are always nearby, the user can access it according
to his convenience from anywhere.

3. Inter-activity: Mobile system allow for fast and easy interactions. i.e. the customer will directly
search for a desired category of product, there is no need for viewing all the categories of products.

4. Determination of Place: Targeting customers with mobile promotions within a defined

geographical space.

5. Archetype: Creation of the services that customize the end-user experiences.

Types of M-commerce

These are the majorly used types of M-commerce:

1. Mobile banking: Mobile banking is an electronic medium of managing and making bank transactions
via-a mobile device which is very popular now a day such as “Net Banking” by which customer has a bank
account in a respective bank can handle their bank account as well as can view his/ her banking details for
which banks use their apps for mobile banking.

For example, State bank of India has a YONO app for their net banking functions.

2. Mobile shopping: Mobile shopping is nothing but what we called online shopping in general terms,
i.e., purchase made through various applications online such as, purchase of the book from amazon or
purchase of a bottle from Flipkart is termed as mobile shopping.
3. Mobile payment: Online transaction payment such as buying railway tickets, movie tickets, bill
payments through mobile phones by way of various gateways and applications such as Phone Pay, Google
Pay, is known as Mobile payment.

4. Mobile advertising: Mobile advertising is a way of advertising through SMS, mobile web posters,
push-up notifications.

Companies use this service to promote their products and services by giving their ads in between the
contents generally searched by the users so that if there is any user who has a plan of purchasing their
category of product will review their product and their sale will rise.

Advantages of M-commerce

There are various advantages of M-commerce, some amidst them are as follows:

1. Security has prioritized.

2. Easily accessible through mobile applications.

3. Faster loading.

4. It has an Option of reminding customers about products through push notifications.

5. Easier checkout procedure.

6. On the go, transactions can be performed by utilizing the time of travelling.

7. Purchasing and selling of goods using mobile wallets increase digitalization.

8. Sending and Receiving money from the phones through UPI (Unified payment interface)

9. Gives business the possibility to expand in the market and increases sales.

10. M-Commerce provides more credibility.

Disadvantages of M-commerce

1. Smartphone limitations: No matter how active channel it is but without a smartphone, nothing
that can be done, i.e., user cannot make a purchase if he/she doesn’t have a mobile phone with
them at the time of need of buying any product.

2. Need reliable shipment companies: The Companies selling their products gets dependent on
other shipment companies for delivery of their products to the end consumer safely.

3. Issue of security: Customers are afraid of using their cards for online shopping because of the
threat of losing their sum in the account due to any mishappening.

4. Payment faults: There are chances that the amount will get deducted from the bank account but
the ordered products are not delivered to the consumer, it may be intentionally or unintentionally.

5. Quality Check: Quality of the products cannot be ascertained by seeing them on an online
platform, there are huge chances that the quality you want may differ from the quality you
received.

6. Hacking issues: In the world of increasing technology the chances of data hacking also increases,
the account details of user can also be hacked which may get him to the huge loss also.

Key points to remember

M-Commerce is introduced by the Kevin Duffey in 1977 at the global forum launch.

M-Commerce is an extended version of E-CommerceSmartphones are widely used mobile channel

worldwide.
Difference between E-commerce and M-commerce :

S.No. E-commerce M-commerce

01. Electronic Commerce in short it is called Mobile Commerce in short it is called as m-

as e-commerce. commerce.

02. In general, e-commerce activities are M-commerce activities are performed with
performed with the help of desktop the help of mobile devices like smartphones,
computers and laptops. tablets, PDA’s (Personal Digital Assistant)
etc.

03. E-commerce is an older concept. M-commerce is an newer concept.

04. It is broad term which refers doing It is subcategory of ecommerce which does
shopping and making payments online the same this via mobile devices.
with help of electronic devices like
Laptop and computers.

05. In e-commerce the use of internet is But in case of m-commerce some activities
mandatory can be performed without internet also.

06. E-commerce devices are not easy to M-commerce devices are easy to carry and
carry and portability point of view it is portability point of view it is good.
not so good.

07. E-commerce developed in 1970’s. M-commerce developed in 1990’s.

08. Its reachability is comparatively low Its reachability is more than that of e-
than the m-commerce as it is not so commerce only due to the use of mobile
good in portability. devices.

09. In e-commerce location tracking In m-commerce location tracking

capabilities are limited due to the non- capabilities is so good as mobile apps track
portability of devices. and identify user locations with the help of
GPS technology, Wi-Fi, and so on.

10. E-commerce fails in push notification. In m-commerce push notification can be

achieved.

11. Examples of E-commerce includes Examples of M-commerce includes mobile

Amazon, Flipkart, Quikr, Olx websites. banking like paytm, in-app purchasing
Amazon mobile app.

E-Commerce trade cycle

The e-Commerce Trade Cycle:

 A trade cycle is the series of exchanges, between a customer and supplier, that take place when a
commercial exchange is executed. A general trade cycle consists of:

Pre-Sales: Finding a supplier and agreeing the terms.

Execution: Selecting goods and taking delivery.

Settlement: Invoice (if any) and payment.

After-Sales: Following up complaints or providing maintenance.

 For business-to-business transactions the trade cycle typically involves the provision of credit with
execution preceding settlement whereas in consumer-to-business these two steps are typically co-
incident. The nature of the trade cycle can indicate the e-Commerce technology most suited to the
exchange.

 Commercial transactions that are repeated on a regular basis, such as supermarkets replenishing
their shelves, is one category of trade cycle. EDI is the e-Commerce technology appropriate to
these exchanges, see Figure 1.

 Consumer transactions tend to be once-off (or at least vary each time) and payment is made at the
time of the order.Internet e-Commerce is the technology for these exchanges, see Figure 2.

 The third generic trade cycle is the non-repeating commercial trade cycle and Internet e-Commerce
or an electronic market is the appropriate e-technology.

What Is E-Marketing?

E-Marketing (a.k.a. electronic marketing) refers to the marketing conducted over the Internet. Two
synonyms of E-Marketing are Internet Marketing and Online Marketing which are frequently interchanged.
E-Marketing is the process of marketing a brand (company, product, or service) using the Internet
through computers and mobile devices mediums. By such a definition, eMarketing encompasses all the
activities a business conducts via the worldwide web with the aim of attracting new business, retaining
current business and developing its brand identity.
Advantages of e-Marketing

 Ability to target your customers faster and cheaper

 Reduction of marketing costs through automation of electronic media

 Near real-time interaction between the marketer and the end user

 Ability to quantify and collect user data

 One-to-one marketing experience

 Increased interactivity

 Ability to implement marketing strategies in a short time-frame

 Ability to scale with the market

 Appeal to specific interests

 Geo-targeting

Types of E-Marketing

 Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

 Paid Advertising (PPC)

 Email Marketing

 Social Media Marketing

 Mobile Marketing

Importance of E-Marketing

The return on investment (ROI) from E-Marketing can far exceed that of traditional marketing strategies.
Also, the transparency of the internet allows the marketer to have access to analytics and data in a near
real-time fashion which will allow the marketer to make changes to align with the market’s reaction thus
making E-Marketing a preferred solution for Marketing Professionals.

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Social Impact and Growth in e Commerce

The impact of e-commerce and its commercial impact on society has varied according to the models.

The social impact of e-commerce can be measured by satisfaction and trust through the following factors:

 Greater use of the Internet The fastest growing demographic segment includes students and youth.

 This segment is the leading user of advanced applications and online technologies.
  According to a survey conducted by the Internet and Mobile Association of India, the number of
Internet users in the country was 190 million at the end of June 2013.

 With more and more users on the web through telephony, it was expected that the country
reached 243 million in June 2014, representing a growth of 28% over the previous year.

 The growth in the number of Internet users has also led to substantial growth in other digital
industries such as e-commerce, mobile commerce, and digital advertising.

 The government of India has made efforts in the education system through the implementation of
computer tools and techniques, essential for all educational levels, from primary education to the
end of studies.

 Students from urban and rural areas were sensitized by supplying the personal computer, Laptops,
tablets or laptops with the use of the Internet and its advantages to improve lifestyle and provide
electronic books and e-books.

 Entrepreneurs are also attracted to advanced computer technologies and their usefulness for
electronic commerce.

 The development of educational standards at all levels has allowed a great demand for electronic
commerce and m-commerce in the market.

 Changes in online shopping habits The online shopping process is constantly being worked on to
make it easier, more understandable and easier to use.

 As online offers give some discounts and attractive prices.

 This, along with better offers, has brought changes in the buying habits of online buyer

The main advantage of shopping online or online is that at no time one can know the characteristics of the
item you want to buy and you can also compare the quality and its characteristics with another
competitive brand available in the market along with the feedback result of Other users.

 The cheerful lifestyle powerful influence of various social media tools.

 Facebook, Quicker, Snapdeal, Amazon, Pinterest, and Instagram allow consumers to organize their
favorite articles and collections segments to share with others around the world.

 Therefore, society and groups of people or communities can be linked together to share their points
of view and ideas.

 This fuels personal expression in purchases and causes others to reflect on their purchase decision.

 Increase in online payment.

 Securities of online transactions have been a major barrier to the growth of electronic commerce.

The Impact of e-Business on Society

E-commerce and online shopping in India are achieving remarkable and remarkable growth as more and
more Internet facilities, high educational standards, lifestyle change, and the country’s economic growth
are being used more and more. Demand for electronic commerce techniques and tools.

 The versatile shopping experience and the rapid development of transaction facilities are further
driving opportunities for the remaining market segments.

 The greatest advantage of e-commerce is the ability to provide secure purchase transactions
through the Internet and together with the almost instantaneous verification and validation of
credit card transactions.
  This significant impact has led to a greater number of customers to exploit various fields of
electronic commerce for their benefits.

 There is also a great national diversity in the adoption of electronic commerce, particularly in
marketing and subsequent sales.

 Now India is growing and now becoming the country with more amount of people with literate
people in the world of the Internet.

 The effect of increasing the transparency of E-commerce of the macro-level and micro level with
the highest productivity.

 The digital solutions that replaced traditional applications offer many opportunities for businesses
and individual consumers.

 The services are aimed at customers.

 The products are negotiated too quickly

 The number of errors reduced.

Multiple-Choice Questions on E-Commerce

1. E-Commerce stands for _______.
a. Electrical Commerce
b. Electronic Commerce
c. Entertainment Commerce
d. ElectroChemical Commerce Answer (b)
e.
2. The World Wide Web (WWW) was introduced in the year ……………………
a. 1994
b. 1996
c. 1992
d. 1990 Answer (a)
e.
3. __________ is an early form of E-commerce
a. SCM
b. EDI
c. Both of these
d. Neither of these Answer (b)
e.
4. ____________ is concerned with the buying and selling information, products and services over computer
communication networks
a. Commerce
b. E-Commerce
c. E-Business
d. None of these Answer (b)
5. Which among the following products is suitable for E-Commerce?
a. Books
b. Vegetables
c. All of these
d. None of these Answer (a)
6. Which of the following is not a party of SCM?
a. Suppliers
b. Manufacturers
c. Distributors
d. Customers Answer (c)
7. _______ is a function of E commerce.
a. Marketing
b. Supply Chain
c. Finance
d. All of the above Answer (d)
8. ________mainly deals with buying and selling, especially on a large scale.
a. Shopping
b. Commerce
c. Retailing
d. Distribution Answer (b)
9. E-commerce has _____ scope than E-Business or Digital Business.
a. Higher
b. Narrower
c. Wider
d. More Answer (b)
10. _______is a system of interconnected electronic components or circuits.
a. Electronic Network
b. Marketplaces
c. Electronic Markets
d. Metamarkets Answer (a)
11. All electronically mediated information exchanges are referred to as _____
a. E-Business
b. Digital Business
c. E-Commerce
d. None of the above Answer (c)
12. _________are markets linked via modern communications networks and powered through high-speed
computers.
a. Marketplaces
b. Metamarkets
c. Electronic Network
d. Electronic Markets Answer (d)
13. ___________ is a part of the 4 important types of E-commerce.
a. All of the above
b. B2B
c. P2P
d. C2A Answer (a)
14. Companies like Flipkart, Amazon and Myntra belong to which type of Ecommerce (EC) segment.
a. B2B
b. B2C
c. P2P
d. C2B Answer (b)
15. Customers pay a fixed amount, commonly month-to-month or quarterly or annually, to get a few types of
service referred to as ________E-Commerce Business Model.
a. Licensing
b. Subscription
c. Transaction
d. Affiliate Answer (b)
16. This E-Commerce commercial enterprise model specifically specialises in selling services or products
online.
a. Indirect Marketing
b. Online Direct Marketing
c. Brick & Mortar
d. Marketplace Answer (b)
17. _________is a retail fulfillment approach in which a shop doesn’t hold the goods it sells in stock.
a. Aggregator Model
b. Affiliate
c. Dropshipping
d. Advertising Model Answer (c)
18. Some marketers or companies charge other companies for letting them place a banner on their websites,
blogs or platforms known as the ___________E-Commerce Model.
a. Affiliate
b. Transaction
c. Aggregator
d. Advertising Answer (d)\
e.
19. Among the alternative models of B2B E-commerce, which is the best means to acquire a competitive
advantage in the market?
 a. Strategic relationship
b. Process
c. Transaction
d. All of the above Answer (a)
20. The concept of online marketing and selling of products and services through the internet is _________
a. B2G
b. B2C
c. B2B
d. B2E Answer (b)
21. Which of the following is not a user of B2C E-commerce?
a. Distributors
b. Manufacturers
c. Publishers
d. None of the above Answer (d)
22. ___________ allows transactions among customers and dealers through supplying complete information
and ancillary services, without being concerned about the actual exchange of products and offerings among
the parties.
a. Middlemen
b. Metamediary
c. Intermediary
d. All of the following Answer (b)
23. Which of the following is NOT a B2B E-commerce?
a. Sending and receiving orders
b. Invoice and shopping
c. All of the above
d. None of the above Answer (d)
24. ……………lets in a commercial enterprise utility at the computer of one organization to speak immediately
with the commercial enterprise utility at the computer of any other company
a. EDI
b. Business applications
c. Standards
d. Protocols Answer (a)
25. What is ‘EOQ’ in Inventory control?
a. Economic Occuring Quantity
b. Economic Order Quantity
c. Economic Over Quantity
d. Economic of Quantity Answer (b)

_______describes e-commerce.
A. Doing business offline
B. Doing business electronically
C. Surfing online
D. Both A & B

_______describes e-commerce.
A. Doing business offline
B. Doing business electronically
C. Surfing online
D. Both A & B

________ is NOT a function of E commerce.

A. Warehouse
B. Finance
C. Marketing
D. None of the above

_______ is a function of E commerce.

A. Marketing
B. Supply Chain
C. Finance
D. All of the above

_
_______mainly deals buying and selling, especially on a large scale.
A. Shopping
B. Retailing
C. Distribution
D. Commerce

E-commerce has _____ scope than E-Business or Digital Business.

A. Higher
B. Wider
C. Narrower
D. More
_______is a system of interconnected electronic components or circuits.
A. Marketplaces
B. Metamarkets
C. Electronic Markets
D. Electronic Network
All electronically mediated information exchanges are known as _____
A. E-Business
B. E-Commerce
C. Digital Business
D. None of the above
_________are markets connected through modern communications networks and powered by
high-speed computers.
A. Marketplaces
B. Metamarkets
C. Electronic Markets
D. Electronic Network
________ is NOT an example of E-Commerce Platform.
A. Amazon Pantry
B. Reliance SMART
C. Flipkart Plus
D. DMart Ready