Assignment One NWEG5111

Ezekiel Rajan- ST10316396

Q.1 What is the difference between baseband coaxial and broadband coaxial cable?

The Baseband Coaxial cable is also known as the Ethernet cable, essentially this a 50-ohm
cable that is capable of transmitting a digital signal. It is fairly common to see Baseband
Coaxial cables being used within Local Area Networks. Baseband Coaxial Cables are limited
to sending only one signal at a time and the transmissions are limited to only data and voice.
At the same if Baseband Coaxial Cables are used over a distance exceeding 1km , a steady
drop in the transmission rates of data or signals will be experienced. (Staff
Writer,reference.com,2020).
On the other hand, Broadband Coaxial Cables are 70-ohm cables that transmit analog
signals. What makes Broadband shine is that is it capable of transmitting many signals
simultaneously simply because each signal travels at a different frequency, Baseband cables
aren’t capable of this. This opens a whole new chapter in a book, by allowing for up to a
100 megabytes of data to travel through the broadband cables per second. Broadband
Cables are also capable of long distance coverage without any decrease or drop-off in the
data transmission rate. (Staff Writer,reference.com,2020).

Q.2 What are the most common groups of network utility software?

Ping - Ping is a fundamental networking tool that is preinstalled on your operating system.
Ping mainly performs two tasks. As soon as you ping a system, it first determines whether
there is a link between it and another machine on the network. The latency time, commonly
known as connection speed, is examined second. The latency time, which is expressed in
milliseconds, is the amount of time it takes a packet to go from one IP address to the other
and back. (dnsstuff.com,2020).
NetStat- (NetStat) is the abbreviation for Network Statistics, now this software allows you
to view and display any present network connection for the Transmission Control Protocol
and User Data Protocol. Now this software could be seen as rather useful because it will
show you whether connections exist and it will provide you with feedback in concern with
how that connection is performing. (dnsstuff.com,2020).
Nslookup – Nslookup stands for Name Server Lookup. Nslookup can be used to resolve DNS-
related problems. For instance, you can use nslookup to verify the IP address associated
with a domain name or to see which domain name is linked to which IP address if there is a
problem with name resolution for DNS. By doing so, you may verify that the addresses are
correctly resolved.(dnsstuff.com,2020).
Arp – Now Arp stands for Address Resolution Protocol. The main function of this protocol is
its ability to determine any devices on the network that are linked to the current device.
This could be seen as useful as this now allows you to pick up any malicious device that is
connected to your network. (dnsstuff.com,2020).
Tracert - Tracert is helpful in a manner similar to how ping is. Unlike ping, tracert offers
information on every "hops" a packet took to reach its destination, including switches and
routers, along with each device's IP address and DNS details. After that, it deconstructs the
data from each hop to display the delay between points. Tracert is also known as
TraceRoute. (dnsstuff.com,2020).

Q.3 Show the sequence of start, data, and stop bits that are generated during asynchronous
transmission of the character string “LUNCH.”

Using start and stop bits to mark the start and end of each character, asynchronous transmission
sends data one character at a time.

We will use the ASCII encoding scheme and then convert it to binary.

The Start bit is always ‘0’ and the End bit is always ‘1’

L – ASCII=’76’, Start Bit = 0, Data/Binary=01001100, Stop Bit = 1

U-ASCII=’85’, Start Bit = 0, Data/Binary= 01010101, Stop Bit = 1
N-ASCII=’78’, Start Bit = 0, Data/Binary= 01001110, Stop Bit = 1
C-ASCII=’67’, Start Bit = 0, Data/Binary= 01000011, Stop Bit = 1
H-ASCII=’72’, Start Bit = 0, Data/Binary= 01001000, Stop Bit = 1
Therefore the sequence of start, data, and stop bits created during the asynchronous
transmission of the character string "LUNCH" will be:
L- 0 01001100 1
U- 0 01010101 1
N- 0 01001110 1
C- 0 01000011 1
H- 0 01001000 1 (asciitable.com)

Q.4 Using EBCDIC, ASCII, and Unicode character code sets, what are the binary encodings of the
message “Hello, World”?

We will first use the EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code):
H: 1100 1000
e: 1000 0101
l: 1001 0101
l: 1001 0101
o: 1001 0110
,: 0110 1011
(space): 0100 0000
W: 1110 0110
o: 1001 0110
r: 1001 1001
l: 1001 0101
d: 1000 0100
Therefore "Hello, World" in EBCDIC binary encoding will be:
11001000 10000101 10010101 10010101 10010110 01101011 01000000 11100110
10010110 10011001 10010101 10000100.( simotime.com)

Now we will repeat the process but only this time we will use ASCII encoding:
H: 0100 1000
e: 0110 0101
l: 0110 1100
l: 0110 1100
o: 0110 1111
,: 0010 1100
(space): 0010 0000
W: 0101 0111
o: 0110 1111
r: 0111 0010
l: 0110 1100
d: 0110 0100
Therefore "Hello, World" in ASCII binary encoding will be:
01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111 00101100 00100000 0101 0111
01101111 01110010 01101100 01100100.(simotime.com)

And lastly we will use Unicode encoding , we will use UTF-8 .

H: 01001000
e: 01100101
l: 01101100
l: 01101100
o: 01101111
,: 00101100
(space): 00100000
W: 01010111
o: 01101111
r: 01110010
l: 01101100
d: 01100100

Therefore "Hello, World" in UTF-8 binary encoding is:

01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111 00101100 00100000 01010111
01101111 01110010 01101100 01100100
Q.5 Using a laptop computer with a wireless connection into the company’s local area network, you
download a Web page from the Internet. List all the different network connections involved in this
operation.

WLAN- Wireless Area Networks allows you to connect to a network wirelessly, and in this
case the laptop would do the exact same thing by connecting wirelessly to the local
Network. The laptop would have to communicate to a wireless router to establish a wireless
connection..(Cisco,com,2022).
LAN – The company would already have a pre-existing Local Area Network that is present
and holds the function of connecting all computers and devices within the premises of the
company itself. Through the WLAN the laptop is able to connect to the LAN by wireless
means. (Margaret Rouse,Techopedia.com,2011).
ISP – The Internet Service Provider has the responsibility of managing traffic between the
LAN and the Internet , by doing so it provides access to the Internet to all devices connected
to the LAN, including the laptop.(Investopedia.com,2022).
Internet Backbone – Every ISP has to be connected to an Internet Backbone, the Internet
Backbone is seen as the building blocks of the Internet as it manages the flow of data over
the entire Internet, this ensures that you are able to view or retrieve any sort of information
on the internet.(Tim Greene,networkworld.com,2020).
Web Server – Every web Page has to be hosted by a Web Server. A web server is always
connected to the internet. Now in this case you are able to download the web page because
your laptop established a connection to the Web Server. Through this connection, the Web
server will now send the web page’s data/information to your local drive or storage on your
latptop.(Marshall Brain,howstuffworks.com).

Q.6 Using a computer network to perform an application, many pieces come together to assist in the
operation. A network architecture or communication model places the appropriate network pieces
in layers.

i. Draw and list the layers of the OSI model.

ii. List the layers of the TCP/IP Protocol and describe the duties of each layer.
i) APPLICATION LAYER THE OSI MODEL

PRESENTATION LAYER

SESSION LAYER

TRANSPORT LAYER

NETOWRK LAYER

DATA LINK LAYER

PHYSICAL LAYER

ii) TCP/IP MODEL

Application Layer- The application layer by now would be familiar to us as it is the last part
of the OSI Model , the application layer would have to in some way work with an application
program to allow end-users to perform functions such as remotely connect and control a
computer that is in another location ,use email applications and it also gives the user the
ability to gain access to information regarding any topic or thing.(Lawrence
Williams,Guru99.com,2023).
Transport Layer – The transport layer has the job of ensuring that data or information
reaches its correct destination in its correct form, however if there is any sort of error
with the data that is being transmitted, it will instantly get re-transmitted. The transport
layer also has the ability to control the amount and speed of data that is being
transferred. Overall the network layer would serve as a building block towards the
transport layer in terms of data itself. (Lawrence Williams,Guru99.com,2023).

Network Layer- In the TCP/IP Model the network layer has the function of transferring
packets of data from one computer to another computer or its destination. Now that’s
just half of the work that it gets done, the beauty of this layer is that no matter what
path data takes, the network layer will always ensure that it reaches its destination.
(Lawrence Williams,Guru99.com,2023).

Network Interface Layer- This layer consists of physical cables through which data gets
transmitted. Through these cables, data can get transmitted physically within a network.
This would mean that computers within the same network can easily share resources
and data. (Lawrence Williams,Guru99.com,2023).
Q7) This Table will indicate which part of the OSI and TCP/IP model represents the
following functions.

Function OSI Model TCP/IP Model

Data Compression Presentation Layer -

Multiplexing Transport Layer Transport Layer

Routing Network Layer Network Layer

Definition of a signals Physical Layer Network Access Layer

character

E-mail Application Layer Application Layer

Error detection Data link layer and Transport Layer

Transport Layer

End to end flow control Transport Layer Transport Layer

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