2nd Semester

2024-2025
Deanship of Preparatory Year
and Supporting Studies

Architecture & Planning Tracks

PHYSICS 109
WEEK 1
Chapter 1
Introduction & Units and Measurement
 Saturday, 1 February, 2025
OBJECTIVES:
The main objectives of this lecture are:
Introduction: Present the strategy of the course evaluation and
review prerequisite skills for success.
Section 1.1: Describing The Scope and Scale of Physics

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

Section 1.2: Units and standards
Section 1.3: Metric Prefixes: Unit Conversion
Section 1.4: Dimensional Analysis
Section 1.5: Estimates: Scientific Notation, order-of-magnitude
approximations
Section 1.6: Significant Figures: Uncertainty, Accuracy and
Precision of a Measurement

2
Schedule of Assessment Tasks for Students During the Trimester

4. Schedule of Assessment Tasks for Students During the Semester

Assessment task (i.e., essay, test, quizzes, group Proportion of

Week Due
project, examination, speech, oral presentation, etc.) Total Assessment

1 Homework 1 TBA 5

2 Quiz- 1 TBA 10

3 Homework 2 TBA 5

4 Midterm TBA 25

5 Tutorial TBA 10

6 Quiz- 2 TBA 10

7 Final Exam TBA 35

Total 100

3
 Electronic Resources

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

❑ Textbook: College Physics For
Pre-Engineering Students, by Course Book
https://openstax.org (pdf available in BB)

❑ Blackboard (BB):
https://eservices.iau.edu.sa/#/user/Blackboard
• Announcements

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

• Online Quizzes
• Homework (HW) solutions
• Lecture Notes, Syllabus
• Exam Schedules
❑ Your own Lecture notes: Please
take notes during the lecture.

4
How to study physics ?
Click the link here

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

In classroom:
I. Come to the lecture on time.
II. Listen to the instructor.

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

III. Take notes.
IV. Interrupt the instructor to ask questions.

Outside of the classroom:

I. Repeat what you learn.
II. Solve the examples given in the lecture.
III. Solve the examples from the book.
IV. Discuss with your friends & share ideas.
5
Section 1.1: Describing The Scope and Scale of Physics | PP.8-14

➢ What is physics?

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department
➢ Physics is devoted to the understanding of all natural phenomena
➢ It is a science deals with the energy and interactions in matter
6
Section 1.1: Describing The Scope and Scale of Physics | PP.8-14

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

Click here for ANIMATION

Click here for ANIMATION

✓ Physics means «nature»

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

✓ In physics, we try to understand physical
phenomena at all scales—from the world of
subatomic particles to the entire universe.

7
Section 1.2: Units and standards | PP.14-19

 Any physical quantity can be measured, such as

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

length or speed consisting of a number and a
certain unit .
 The Fundamental (Basic) physical quantities

Length, Mass and Time

 There are three major systems of units:
Unit system Length Mass Time
C.G.S Centimeter Gram Second

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

M.K.S Meter Kilogram Second
(SI-Units)
F.P.S (British Foot Pound Second
Engineering)

 SI unit system (M.K.S) is mainly used. 8

Section 1.2: Units and standards | PP.14-19

We have 7 SI basic units and lots of derived units

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QUANTITY Unit ABB. QUANTITY Unit ABB.
Length meter m Area square meter m2
Mass kilogram kg
Volume cubic meter m3
Time second s meter per
Speed, Velocity m/s
second
Electric current ampere A

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

meter per
Acceleration m/s2
Thermodynamic kelvin K second squared
Temperature Wave number reciprocal meter m-1
kilogram per
Amount of mole mol Density kg/m3
cubic meter
substance
Specific cubic meter per
Luminous candela cd m3/kg
volume kilogram
intensity
kilogram per
kilogram, may
ABB. : Abbreviation Mass Fraction kg/kg = 1
be represented
by the number 1
9
Section 1.2: Units and standards | PP.14-19

Physical quantities

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

Basic quantities Derived quantities

Length Mass Time Force = Mass x Acceleration

𝒍
(l) (m) (t) (m) x ( 𝟐)
𝒕

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

Check Your Understanding

Ex 1: The weather is 32 °C. Ex 2: The magnitude of

force is 100 kg.m/s2
Quantity: Temperature (32) Quantity: Force (100)
Unit. : °C Unit. : kg.m/s2 10
Section 1.2: Units and standarts | PP.14-19

Check Your Understanding

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

Ex 3: Check the quantity and write if
they are basic or derived unit. Quantity Unit

The planes fly in 4000 m altitude. Length Basic

My mass is 60 kg. Mass Basic

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My weight is 600 N. Force Derived

The sports car accelerates rapidly. Acceleration Derived

1 mol H2O. Amount of Basic

Substance
The power of this heater is 1000 W. Power Derived
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 ❑ Class Activity: Physical Quantities & SI Units

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

➢ Fill the table for the seven basic ➢ Fill the table for several derived
physical quantities:
physical quantities:
Quantity In terms of Unit
Quantity Unit Abbrev. SI base units
∆𝑥
Time Velocity V = m/s
second s ∆𝑡
∆𝑉
Length or distance Acceleration a = m/s2

Physics Group - Basic Sciences

meter m ∆𝑡
newton
Mass kilogram kg Force F = 𝑚𝑎 kg.m/s2 (N)

Absolute temperature kelvin K Area A = 𝜋𝑟 2 m2

Department
Amount of substance Volume V = 𝑎3 m3
mole mol
newton
Weight F = 𝑚𝑔 kg.m/s2 (N)
Electric current ampere A
Work W = 𝐹𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 kg.m2/s2 joule (J)
12
Luminous Intensity candela cd
𝑊
Power P = kg.m2/s3 watt (W)
𝑡
12
Section 1.2: Metric Prefixes| PP.18

➢ The larger and the smaller units are defined in multiplies of 10 from the standard unit.

Ex: The capacity (size) of the

Hard Disk Drive of my laptop is:
5.2 Tera Byte=5.2 TB

scientific notation vs engineering notation:

The only difference between scientific
notation and engineering notation is that
for engineering notation the exponent is
always a multiple of three (Why?).
Example: The number 25364 is written as:
2.5364×104 in scientific notation and as:
25.364×103 in engineering notation.

Ex 4: Determine the prefixes for the following expressions.

i) 2.3 GHz Processor ii) 1 km distance iii) 4ms response time
Solution: i) 2.3𝑥109 𝐻𝑧 Processor ii) 1𝑥103 𝑚 distance iii) 4𝑥10−3 s response time

13
Section 1.2: Metric Prefixes: Length, Mass and Time | PP.18

➢ The Prefixes can be applied to many basic or derived units.

➢ Power of ten can be expressed by a prefix.

1-Length:
Unit Power Prefix
1 kilometer 103 m 1 km
1 centimeter 10−2 m 1 cm
1 millimeter 10−3 m 1 mm
1 micrometer 10−6 m 1 μm
1 nanometer 10−9 m 1 nm

2-Mass: 3-Time:
Unit Power Prefix Unit Power Prefix
1 kilogram 103 𝑔 1 kg 1 millisecond 10−3 𝑠 1 ms
1 milligram 10−3 𝑔 = 10−6 𝑘𝑔 1 mg 1 microsecond 10−6 𝑠 1 μs
1 microgram 10−6 𝑔 = 10−9 𝑘𝑔 1 μg 1 nanosecond 10−9 𝑠 1 ns
14
Section 1.3: Metric Prefixes: Unit Conversion| PP.20
➢ A physical quantity needs conversion from one to another. We generally use
SI (MKS) unit system.

Ex 5: Apply the strategy for solving conversion of 80 km/h to m/s.

i) Identify the units : kilometer (km) and hour (h).

ii) Determine the relationship between the units.
1 km = 1000 m 1 h = 3600s

iii) Determine the conversion factor (in fraction form):

1000 𝑚 1ℎ
=𝟏 =𝟏
1𝑘𝑚 3600 𝑠

𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑻𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕

𝑘𝑚 1000 𝑚 1ℎ
80 × × = 𝟐𝟐 𝒎/𝒔
ℎ 1 𝑘𝑚 3600 𝑠
➢ You can use as many conversion factors as you need. 15
Section 1.3: Metric Prefixes: Unit Conversion| PP.20
Ex 6: What is the elevation in Feet of an elevation of 8000 m? 1 ft = 12 in
1 in= 2.54 cm
i) Identify the units : feet (ft) and meter (m). 100 cm = 1 m

𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑻𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒕 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕

100 𝑐𝑚 1 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡 8000 × 100

8000 𝑚 × × × = = ⋯ 𝒇𝒕
1𝑚 2.54 𝑐𝑚 12 𝑖𝑛 2.54 × 12
8000 𝑚 = 𝟐𝟔𝟐𝟒𝟕 𝒇𝒕
Ex 1.2/P.20: The distance from the university to home is 10 mil. and it usually takes
20 min to drive this distance. Calculate the average speed in meters per second (m/s).
𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒆 𝒎
Solution: 𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡
𝟐𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏
to 10 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒
𝒔 = 0.5
20 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒 1609𝑚 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.5 × 1609 𝒎

0.5 × × = = 𝟏𝟑
𝑚𝑖𝑛 1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒 60 𝑠 60 𝒔
16
17
17
 Check Your Understanding

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

Ex. 1.1/ P.19: Restate the mass 1.93𝑥10−6 𝑔 using a metric prefix.

Solution: 1.93𝑥10−6 𝑔 = 1.93𝑔  = 10−6 : 𝑀𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜

Ex 7: Your hairs grow at the rate of 1mm per day. Find their growth rate in nm/s

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

1mm 1mm 1x10−3 m 109nm 1 𝑑𝑎𝑦
= × × × =11.57 nm/s
1 day 1 day 1 mm 1m 24x60x60 s

Ex 8: The prefix meaning 0.001 is __________.

A
A) Milli- B) Centi- C) Deci- D)Kilo-

Ex 9: The 6 MB cash memory is equivalent to _______.

C
A) 10−12 bytes B) 109 bytes C) 106 bytes D) 106 kbytes

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Section 1.4: Dimensional Analysis| PP.22

The dimension of any physical quantity expresses its dependence on the base
quantities as a product of symbols. It is used;

i. To Check the correctness of a derived relationship or equation.

ii. To Convert units of quantity from one System to another.
iii. To Driving the dependency between physical quantities.

❑ If the right-hand side (R.H.S) has the same dimensions in the left-hand side
(L.H.S) the equation is said to be dimensionally correct.

❑ Only same type of quantities can be added or subtracted.

❑ Numbers, angles, all trigonometric functions, exponential functions,

logarithms have no dimension.

19
Section 1.4: Dimensional Analysis| PP.22
➢ Every base quantity is expressed by a symbol for the dimension

Ex: The dimension of area of a

circle: Area= r2

A=(radius × radius)=[L2]

Ex 10: Find the dimension of force (F=ma).

𝑚 𝐿
The unit for force is: 𝑘𝑔 =M = M𝐿𝑇 −2
𝑠2 𝑇2

Ex 11: Find the dimension of power (P=W/t).

𝑚2 𝐿2
The unit for power is: 𝑘𝑔 3 = M 3 = M𝐿2 𝑇 −3
𝑠 𝑇 20
P.50 /Page 40: A student is trying to remember some formulas from geometry. In

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

what follows, assume A is area, V is volume, and all other variables are lengths.
Determine which formulas are dimensionally consistent.

𝑎) 𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 𝑏) 𝑉 = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ

Solution:
The equation contains five terms. L.H.S. and the R.H.S. must have the same

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

dimensions. Since [r] and [h] = length, they have the same dimension.

a) V= 1 L2 L = L3 volume is m3 so it is correct

b) V= 1 1 L2 + 1 1 𝐿 𝐿 = L2 + L2 = 2 L2 = 1 L2 = L2 incorrect

R𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 1

V ≠ L2 incorrect. Because the volume has a unit of m3

21
Section 1.5: Estimates: Scientific Notation | PP.10

➢ Physical quantities are often expressed in scientific notation,

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

which takes two equivalent forms. For example:
Mean age of the Earth: 1.3 x 1017 s
Radius of Earth rEarth: 6.37 x 106 m

Scientific Notation:

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➢ Coefficient is chosen from 1 to 9
➢ Base is shown as 10.
➢ Exponent is given as a power of 10.

The most common writing is:1.3E17 s , 6.37E6 m it is quicker to

type. What does your calculator show?
22
Section 1.5: Scientific Notation Rules: Positive and Negative Exponents

➢ When the number is 10 or greater, the decimal point has to move to the left,

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

and the power of 10 is positive.
Ex 13: Write in scientific notation
Examples
1 =100 1. 24327 = 2.4327 x 104
10 = 1 x 10¹ 2. 7354 = 7.354 x 103
42,000,000 = 4.2 x107 3. 89 = 8.9 x 101 (not usually done)

Comma (,) is used to recognize the digits.

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

➢ When the number is smaller than 1, the decimal point has to move to the
right, so the power of 10 is negative.

Examples Ex 14: Write in scientific notation

0.1 = 1 x10-1 1. 0.32 = 3.2 x 10-1
0.01 = 1 x 10-2 2. 0.053 = 5.3 x 10-2
0.00000078 = 7.8 x10-7 3. 0.00044 = 4.4 x 10-4

23
 Check Your Understanding

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

Ex 12: Class activity: write the numbers in scientific notation.

Number Scientific Number Scientific

Notation Notation

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2675 2.675. × 103 1.501 1.501 × 100
0.005 5 × 10−3 0.200 2.00 × 10−1
9680 9.680 × 103 560 ×106 5.6 × 108
770 7.70 × 102 0.3682 3.682 × 10−1

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Section 1.5: Mathematical Operations With Scientific Notations

Addition and Subtraction: Ex 15: (4.215 x 10-2) + (3.2 x 10-4) =

(4.215 x 10-2) + (0.032 x 10-2) = 4.247 x 10-2

Multiplication: Ex 16: (6.73 x 10-5)(2.91 x 102) =

(6.73)(2.91) x 10(-5+2) = 19.58 x 10-3 = 1.96 x 10-2

Division: Ex 17: (3.2 x 103)/(5.7 x 10-2) =

(3.2)/(5.7) x 103-(-2) = 0.561 x 105 = 5.6 x 104

3
Roots of Exponentials: Ex 18: 7.3𝑥10−8 = ?
3 3 3 3
7.3𝑥10−8 = 73𝑥10−9 = 73 𝑥 10−9 = 4.2𝑥10−3

Powers of Exponentials:
Ex 19: (6.53 x 10-3)2 = (6.53)2 x (10-3)2 The exponent is 2
=42.64 x 10-6 = 4.26 x 10-5.

Saturday, 1 February, 2025 Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department 25

Section 1.5: Estimates and Fermi Calculations: order-of-magnitude approximations | PP.25

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

i n
a d
e
l-f R
e

Physics Group - Basic Sciences

S
Please read the Estimates and Fermi Calculations in your

Department
textbook pages (25-27), and try the following simulation to
check your understanding:
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/estimation 26

26
Section 1.6: Significant Figures: Uncertainty, Accuracy and Precision of a Measurement | PP.28-
32

Uncertainty

δA = Experimental value – Accepted value

• Uncertainty is a quantitative measure of how much your

measured values deviate from one another.
• The experimental value : The value that is measured
during the experiment.

• The accepted value: The true or correct value based on

general agreement with a reliable reference.
• There is uncertainty (Error) in every measurement, this
uncertainty carries over through the calculations.

27
Section 1.6: Significant Figures: Uncertainty, Accuracy and Precision of a Measurement | PP.28-
32

• Estimated uncertainty is written with a ± sign; for

example: 8.8 ± 0.1 cm

• The rules of significant figures are applied.

The percent uncertainty is the absolute value of the

uncertainty divided by the accepted value and multiplied
by 100%

δA
Percent Uncertainty = × 100% or
Accepted value

Experimental value – Accepted value

Percent Uncertainty = × 100% 28
Accepted value
28
 Check Your Understanding

Ex 22: A bottle factory produces L = 28.3 cm bottles

in the production line. If you measure the length 30
cm by ruler, find the uncertainty.
Solution:
δA = Experimental value – Accepted value
δA = 30−28.3 = 1.7 cm
30 cm

Ex 23: Find the percent uncertainty.

30−28.3
Percent Uncertainty =
28.3
× 100% = 6 %

29
 Check Your Understanding

Ex 1.7 : A grocery store sells 5-kg bags of apples.

The average weight of the 5-kg bag of apples we
purchase is 5 ± 0.2 kg. What is the percent
uncertainty of the bag’s weight?

δA
Percent Uncertainty = × 100%
Accepted value

Percent Uncertainty = 0.2

5
× 100% = 4 %

30
Section 1.6: Significant Figures: Uncertainty, Accuracy and Precision of a Measurement | PP.28-32

Ex 24: Check the uncertainties and the percent uncertainties

in following measurements.

Percent
Measurement Uncertainty
Uncertainty

The temperature is 252 ℃ . 2℃ 8%

100g produced mass is measured as 98 g 2g 2%
Power of a 55W battery is measured as 50 W 5W 9.1%
The 90 m2 flat is measured as 85 m2 5 m2 5.6%

31
Section 1.6: Significant Figures: Accuracy and Precision of a Measurement | PP.28-32

➢ Accuracy is a measure of how close a measurement is to

the accepted reference value for that measurement.
ACcurate is Correct (or Close to real value)

➢ Precision is a measure of how close a series of

measurements are to one another.
✓ PRecise is Repeating (or Repeatable)

Ex 26: A GPS attempts to locate a restaurant at the center of the

bull’s-eye.

32
Ex 27: You perform the measurements of a 50.0-gram mass, standard sample
and get values of 47.5, 47.6, 47.5, and 47.7 grams.

(a) Is it precise and accurate?

Solution: It is precise, but not very accurate.

(b) What if your scale gives you values of 49.8, 50.5, 51.0, and 49.6

Solution: It is more accurate than the first balance but not as precise.

The more precise the measuring tool, the more precise the 33
measurements.
33
Ex 28: State the distribution of darts on at a dartboard, which one
is accurate, or which one is precise.

34
Extra Problems

36
Q1: Express the following units using the prefixes of table 1.2:
# Answer # Answer

a 1× 106 volts 1MV d 6×103 Watts 6kW

b 2 × 10-6 meters 2µm e 18 × 102 joules 1.8kJ
c 7 ×10–7 seconds 700ns f 32×10-4 kilograms 3.2g
Q2: Write the following as full (decimal) numbers without prefixes on
the units:
(a) 286.6 mm (b) 85 µV c) 760 mg (d) 62.1 ps
a) 0.2866m b)0.000085 V c) 0.76 g d)0.0000000000621 s
(e) 22.5 nm (f) 2.50 GV
e) 0.0000000225 m f) 2500000000 V

37
Q3: Convert the mass of 375 g to oz? (1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 grams)

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

A) 375 oz
B) 10,631 oz C
C) 13.2 oz
D) 10.631 oz

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

Q4: Convert the volume of 0.750 liters to mL?
A) 7.5 mL
B) 750 mL
C) 0.075 mL
B
D) 0.75 mL

Q5: 50 liters = _______ gallons (1 gal = 3.786 L)

A) 11.31 gal B) 31.12 gal
C) 21.13 gal D) 13.20 gal
D
38
Q6: Boiling point of liquid Nitrogen 77 K = _______ ℃ ?

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

A) 350.15 ℃
B) -177.15 ℃
C) 77 ℃ D
D) -196.15 ℃

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

Q7: 3.2 g = _______ kg in scientific notation?
A) 0.32𝑥10−13 kg
B) 32𝑥10−10 kg
C) 3.2𝑥10−9 kg C
D) 3.2𝑥10−12 kg

39
Q8: Perform the following conversions. 1 yard = 0.91 meters
1 meter = 3.28 feet
a) 1 km/h to m/h ? 1 mile = 1.61 kilometer
1 km 1000 m 1000 km · m
× = = 1000 m/h
h 1 km 1h · km
b) 1 yard/sec to mile/hour?
1−yard 3 ft 1 mile 3600 s 3x3600 miles
x x x = = 2 mph
1sec 1 yard 5280 ft 1h 5280 hour
c) 148 Ib/h to mg/seconds? (1 pound (lb)= 0.4536 kg)
148 lb 1h 0.4536 kg 1000 g 1000 mg
x x x x = 18648 mg/s
1h 3600 s 1 lb 1 kg 1g

d) 8 L/ 100 km gas consumption to SAR/km?

(1 Liter gas =2.18 SAR)

8L 2.18 SAR SAR Halala

x = 0.1744 = 17.44 40
100 km 1L
Saturday, 1 February, 2025 Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department
km km
Section 1.4: Dimensional Analysis| PP.22

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department
Q9: Find the dimension of liquid pressure: P = 1/2v2.
1
𝑃= 𝜌𝑉 2 = 1 M𝐿−3 𝐿2 𝑇 −2 = M𝐿−1 𝑇 −2
2

Q10: Find the dimension of acceleration (a=F/m).

The dimension for force is: M𝐿𝑇 −2

= 𝐿𝑇 −2
Divide by mass
M
41
Q11:Check the correctness of the period of a Pendulum.

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

1 𝑙
Let's re-write the period= 2𝜋 𝑙 𝑇 = 2𝜋
𝑔 𝑔
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡′𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝐻𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝐻𝑆: 𝑇 = 1 𝐿
𝐿𝑇 −2

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

𝑇 = 𝐿 1/2 𝐿−1 𝑇 2

𝑇 = 𝐿 1/2 𝐿−1/2 𝑇 2/2

𝑇 = 𝐿 1/2 𝐿−1/2 ][𝑇 = 𝐿 0 𝑇

𝑇 = 𝑇 Yes, it is correct!

𝐿𝐻𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝐻𝑆 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙

42
Q12: Which of the following expressions are dimensionally

Saturday, 1 February, 2025

consistent?

𝐿2 ? 𝐿 𝐿2 𝐿3
𝑎) 𝑣 2 =2ax2 [ 2]=[ 2][L2] [ 2]≠[ 2] incorrect!
𝑇 𝑇 𝑇 𝑇

Physics Group - Basic Sciences Department

1 3 ?
𝑏) 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 [𝐿]=[𝐿]+[LT] incorrect!
2

? −1
𝑐) tan𝜃 =
𝑣
[1]=[
𝐿𝑇
] [1]=[𝑇 −1 ] incorrect!
𝑥 𝐿
43