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Textile Engineering spinning technology

The document provides an overview of spinning technology, detailing the processes involved from blow room to ring spinning, including carding, drawing, combing, and roving. It emphasizes the importance of each stage in producing high-quality yarn and discusses the machinery used in these processes. Additionally, it explains yarn fineness measurement systems and conversion methods for various units of length and weight.

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Gnr Annu
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Textile Engineering spinning technology

The document provides an overview of spinning technology, detailing the processes involved from blow room to ring spinning, including carding, drawing, combing, and roving. It emphasizes the importance of each stage in producing high-quality yarn and discusses the machinery used in these processes. Additionally, it explains yarn fineness measurement systems and conversion methods for various units of length and weight.

Uploaded by

Gnr Annu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Spinning technology

Spinning line

LECTURE 1
Lap - cared sliver - combed sliver - drawing sliver - roving - yarn
Blow room
Blow room

Card

Card
Drawing I

Drawing I Combing preparation

Combing
Drawing II

Drawing II
Roving
Roving

Ring
spinning Ring spinning

Carded yarn Combed yarn


Blow Room
Blow room is the process that takes care of opening ,
cleaning and blending of different fibres used in the mixing.
The technological improvements are remarkable in this
process.

Operation
Opening
Cleaning
Mixing or blending
Micro dust removal
Uniform feed to the carding machine
Recycling the waste
‫ﺧط اﻟﺗﻔﺗﯾﺢ و اﻟﺗﻧظﯾف و اﻟﺧﻠط ﻟﺷرﻛﺔ رﯾﺗر ‪Rieter‬‬
‫اﻟﺳوﯾﺳرﯾﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺗﻐذﯾﺔ اﻵﻟﯾﺔ ‪.Unifloc All‬‬

‫‪‬ﻣﺿرب اﻟﺗﻔﺗﯾﺢ ‪.Uniclean B12‬‬

‫‪‬ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺧﻠط ‪.Uni Mix B70‬‬

‫‪‬ﻣﺎﻛﯾﻧﺔ اﻟﺧﻠط واﻟﺗﻔﺗﯾﺢ ‪.Uniblend A81‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
1- Automatic Bale Opener Unifloc
A11

8
Operating principle of the A 11 UNIfl oc automatic bale opener
9
UNIclean B12

10
B 72 / B 76 UNImix

11
UNIFLEX B 60 FINE CLEANER

12
A 81 UNIblend Precision Blender

13
Carding

High production carding has now become an established practice for short staple
fibres. Production capacity in recent carding machines can be increased substantially
without deterioration quality.

Purpose:

To open the flocks into individual fibres


Cleaning and elimination of impurities
Elimination of dust
Fibre blending
Fibre orientation or alignment
Sliver formation
16
17
Draw frame
Draw frame contributes less than 5% to production cost of yarn. But it
its influence on quality is very big, because drawing is the final process
of quality improvement in the spinning mill and quality of draw frame
sliver determines the final yarn quality.
Task
Through doubling the slivers are made even
Doubling results in homogenization (blending)
Through draft fibres get parallelised
Hooks created in the card are straightened
Through the suction intensive dust removal is achieved
Autoleveller maintains absolute sliver fineness
Combing preparation
Task

-Straightening and parallelisation


- Produce a suitable lap for combing feeding
Sliver lap machine
Ribbon lap machine
Uni lap machine
Combing
Combing is the process, which serves to improve the raw material.
Combed yarn is stronger, more uniform, has greater shine and is
smoother and purer. The quality improvements is obtained at the cost
of additional expenditure on machines, floor and personal, together
with a loss of raw material.
Influences:
Yarn eveness
Strength
Cleanness
Smoothness
Visual appearance
Roving
Roving bobbin is the ideal form for supply of material to the ring
spinning frame. It is very convenient for transport and sorting. Even
though draw frame produces a sliver that already exhibits all the
characteristics required for making the yarn, the roving frame is forced
upon a spinner as a necessary evil for two reasons:
They are: 1- higher draft 2- draw frame can feeding creates more
problems
Task
Drafting the sliver in to the roving
Twist the drafted strand
Winding the twisted roving on a package.
Ring spinning
The ring spinning will continue to be the most widely used form of spinning
machine in the near future, because ring spinning still offer the greatest
flexibility in application and supplies yarns of quality that cannot be equaled
by the new technologies owing to technological reasons.

Task
To draft the roving until the required fineness is achieved
To impart strength to the fibres, by inserting twist
To wind up the twisted strand (yarn) in a form suitable for storage,
transportation and further processing (bobbin)
April 18, 2023

34
Yarn Fineness or Count
In practice, yarn fineness is typically described by terms such as yarn count, yarn
number, or yarn size. The subject of yarn fineness can be treated in a similar manner
to that of fiber fineness in the sense that both the fiber and the yarn may not have
perfectly circular cross sections and they both exhibit thickness variability.

Therefore, the linear density or mass per unit


length is commonly used as an alternative measure of actual fineness or
thickness.

In general, two yarn count systems are commonly used:


(i) The direct system, and
(ii) The indirect system.
The direct system
Yarn count is the mass of a unit length of yarn.
(HANK*Weight) / Length

Weight in grams of 9000 = 9000 Wt (gm) /


Denier meters of yarn (mt)

Weight in grams of 1000 = 1000 Wt (gm) /


Tex meters of yarn (mt)

Weight in grams of = 10000 Wt (gm) /


Decitex 10000 meters of yarn (mt)
The indirect system
Yarn number or count is expressed in "units of length" per "unit
of weight".

Length / (HANK * Weight)

English Length in hank of pounds


= L (yd) / 840 Wt(Ib)
count (Ne) of yarn (weights)

Metric
count Length in hank of grams of = L(mt) / Wt (gm)
yarn (weights)
(Nm)
The indirect system
Worsted count Nw = L (yd) / 560 Wt (Ib)
(Nw)

Woolen
Nr = L (yd) / 1600 Wt (Ib)
count
Nc = L (yd) / 300 Wt (Ib)
(Nr - Nc)
Conversions of systems:
Direct system to direct system (Dividing)
Tex / Denier = (1000 gm /mt) / ( 9000 gm/mt)

Indirect system to indirect system (Dividing)


Ne / Nm = (Yd/840 Ib) / ( Mt/gm)

Direct system to indirect system (Multiplying)


Tex * Ne = (1000 gm /mt) * (Yd/840 Ib)
Length (distance)

Inches (in) = Millimeters (mm) X 0.0394


Millimeters (mm) = Inches (in) X 25.4
Feet (ft) = Meters (m) X 3.281
Meters = Feet (ft) X 0.305
Yards = 0.9144 meters
Meters = 1.093 yards
Mass (weight)

Ounces (oz) = Grams (g) X 0.035


Grams (g) = Ounces (oz) X 28.35
Pounds (lb) = Kilograms (kg) X 2.205
Kilogram (Kg) = Pounds (lb) X 0.454
Pounds (Ib) = 453.6 X Grams (g)
Pounds (Ib) = 7000 X grains
Draft

Draft = V1/V2 ………Mechanical

= Neout/Nein=Texin/Texout ……….Material
= D.C/D.C.G …….Machine
Where:-
D.C : Draft constant. D.C.G: Draft changeable gear.
Partial drafts
Draft 2 = V2/V3
Draft 1 = V1/V2
Total draft = draft 1* draft 2= (V2/V3)*(V1/V2) =V1/V3
Twist
TPI = T.F Ne ………. Material
= T.C/T.C.G ………. Machine

Where:
TPI :Turns per inch
T.F : Twist factor
T.C: Twist constant
T.C.G: Twist changeable gear

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