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Ch 2- Part 3 - Temperature- Density and Specific Gravity.pptx

The document explains temperature as a measure of hotness or coldness, detailing three temperature scales: Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. It also discusses density and specific gravity, highlighting their importance in understanding the behavior of substances, particularly in relation to oil spills and hydrometers. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of a substance's mass to that of an equal volume of water, with practical applications in measuring urine samples and other liquids.

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6 views15 pages

Ch 2- Part 3 - Temperature- Density and Specific Gravity.pptx

The document explains temperature as a measure of hotness or coldness, detailing three temperature scales: Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. It also discusses density and specific gravity, highlighting their importance in understanding the behavior of substances, particularly in relation to oil spills and hydrometers. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of a substance's mass to that of an equal volume of water, with practical applications in measuring urine samples and other liquids.

Uploaded by

junelovesajulga00
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Temperature

Temperature – the measure of hotness or coldness


Temperature scales:
1. degrees Fahrenheit - °F
- defines the normal freezing and boiling points of water to be exactly 32°F and 212°F, respectively
2. degrees Celsius - °C
- divides the range between the freezing point (0°C) and boiling point (100°C) of water into 100
degrees and was formerly called the centigrade scale.
- 0°F and 0°C are based on the behavior of an arbitrarily chosen substance, water.
3. Kelvin – K, the SI base unit of temperature
Kelvin is the SI base unit of temperature: it is the absolute temperature scale. By absolute we
mean that the zero on the Kelvin scale, denoted by 0 K, is the lowest temperature that can be attained
theoretically.
Density and Specific Gravity

Density
One of the many pollution problems that the world faces is the
spillage of petroleum into the oceans from oil tankers or from
offshore drilling. When oil spills into the ocean, it floats on top of
the water. The oil doesn’t sink because it is not soluble in water
and because water has a higher density than oil. When two liquids
are mixed (assuming that one does not dissolve in the other), the
one of lower density floats on top.
where: m - mass (g, kg, slug)
v – volume (m3, li, ml, cm3)
d – density (g/cm3, g/ml, kg/m3)

The SI-derived unit for density:

density = kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3)


= grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)
= grams per milliliter (g/mL)
Specific Gravity

- the ratio of its mass to the mass of an equal volume of water at a


specified temperature.
- has no unit

The specific gravity of any substance is always numerically equal to its


density, provided that the density is measured I g/mL or g/cc.
Specific gravity is often measured by a hydrometer. The specific
gravity of the acid in your car battery and that of a urine sample in a
clinical laboratory are measured by hydrometers.

A hydrometer measuring a urine sample is also called urinometer.


Normal urine can vary in specific gravity from about 1.010 to 1.030.
Patients with diabetes mellitus have an abnormally high specific
gravity of their urine samples, while those with some forms of kidney
disease have an abnormally low specific gravity.
When the specific gravity is greater than 1, the object will SINK and
when the specific gravity is less than 1, then the object will FLOAT. If
the specific gravity is equal to 1, this means that the object will never
sink nor float-it will hover in the liquid.

density of water = 1 g/mL = 1 g/cm3 = 1000 kg/m3 = 1.94 slugs/ft3


= 62 lb/ft3
specific gravity of a substance = density of a substance
density of water

density of a substance = specific gravity of a substance x density of water

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