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AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION BOARD Q.1. (Total 4 Marks)

HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL CERTIFICATE The given diagrams represent two types of foxes. Fox X lives in warm climatic conditions while fox Y
lives in cold climatic conditions.
CLASS XII EXAMINATION

APRIL/ MAY 2018

Biology Paper II

Time: 2 hours 20 minutes Marks: 55

Fox X Fox Y

y
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a. Identify any TWO features of fox X adapted to warm climatic conditions. (2 Marks)
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INSTRUCTIONS
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Please read the following instructions carefully.
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1. Check your name and school information. Sign if it is accurate. b. How do the features identified in part ‘a’ adapted to warm climatic conditions? (2 Marks)
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I agree that this is my name and school. ___________________________________________________________________________________
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Candidate's signature
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2. RUBRIC. There are ELEVEN questions. Answer ALL questions. Questions 10 and 11 offer ___________________________________________________________________________________
TWO choices. Attempt any ONE choice from each.
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3. When answering the questions:

Read each question carefully.

Use a black pointer to write your answers. DO NOT write your answers in pencil.
Use a black pencil for diagrams. DO NOT use coloured pencils.
DO NOT use staples, paper clips, glue, correcting fluid or ink erasers.
Complete your answer in the allocated space only. DO NOT write outside the answer box.

4. The marks for the questions are shown in brackets ( ).

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Q.2. (Total 4 Marks) Q.3. (Total 4 Marks)

a. The following table shows the approximate concentration of glucose and urea in the renal artery a. The given diagrams show two forms of chromatin present in the nucleus of eukaryotes.
and the renal vein.
Nucleosome Nucleosome
Concentration in the Renal Concentration in the Renal
Artery (mg/dL) Vein (mg/dL)
Glucose 70 70
Urea 20 10
Diagram I Diagram II
Give reason for

i. equal concentration of glucose in the renal artery and the renal vein. (1 Mark) Which form of chromatin is transcriptionally more active (can be expressed) and why? (2 Marks)
___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

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ii. less concentration of urea in the renal vein as compared to the renal artery. (1 Mark)
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b. While travelling from nucleus to the cytoplasm, newly synthesised messenger ribonucleic acid
(mRNA) in eukaryotic cell encounters different degrading enzymes.
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b. Adnan is diagnosed with hyper-secretion of glucocorticoids in his body.
H How is this mRNA modified to protect itself from the degrading enzymes? (2 Marks)
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Mention TWO physiological effects of hyper-secretion of glucocorticoids on Adnan’s body. ___________________________________________________________________________________
(2 Marks)
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Q.4. (Total 5 Marks) Q.5. (Total 5 Marks)

a. When nervous stimulation at neuromuscular junction stops, The given diagram illustrates two possibilities of non-disjunction in oogenesis.

i. what will be the action of tropomyosin molecules? (1 Mark) Possibility I Possibility II

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Oocyte Oocyte
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X Chromosome

ii. what will be the result of action of tropomyosin molecules on the myosin heads? (1 Mark)

___________________________________________________________________________________ Meiosis I Polar Body Meiosis I

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iii. which organelle will store calcium ions? (1 Mark)
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___________________________________________________________________________________ Meiosis II Meiosis II
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b. Which part of a plant contains intercalary meristematic tissues? What is the function of Secondary Oocyte A Secondary Oocyte B
intercalary meristematic tissues? (2 Marks)
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a. What would be the distribution of X chromosomes at meiosis I, if meiosis I takes place
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normally? (2 Marks)
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b. Which types of syndrome will appear in the offspring if a sperm having

i. Y chromosome fertilises secondary oocyte A (1 Mark)

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ii. X chromosome fertilises secondary oocyte B? (1 Mark)

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c. What will be the gender of the offspring produced as a result of the fusion of a sperm having X b. Red coat colour in cattle is codominant with white coat colour. As a result of cross between these
chromosome with the secondary oocyte B? (1 Mark) two different coloured cattle, all offspring produced have roan colour.

___________________________________________________________________________________ Determine the genotypes of offspring that will be produced as a result of cross between two roan
coat coloured cattle. (2 Marks)
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Q.6. (Total 5 Marks)
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a. The given dihybrid cross of pea plant shows the appearance of 50 percent of parental type and 50
percent recombinant type offspring. ___________________________________________________________________________________

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Round Yellow × Wrinkled Green
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Parents:

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RrYy × rryy ___________________________________________________________________________________

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Gametes: RY, Ry, rY, ry × ry Q.7. (Total 5 Marks)
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a.
Filial RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy • Retrovirus
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Generation: Round Yellow Round Green Wrinkled Yellow Wrinkled Green • RNA version of cloned normal gene
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• Culture of stem cells from bone marrow having defective gene
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i. State the Mendel’s law which supports the appearance of recombinant type offspring.
(1 Mark) Using the given information, outline the process of gene therapy. (3 Marks)
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ii. Describe the application of the stated Mendel’s law in the given situation. (2 Marks)
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b. Q.9. (Total 4 Marks)

i. What is the genetic basis of cystic fibrosis? (1 Mark) a. Name the coniferous forests that are located at:

___________________________________________________________________________________ i. high altitude (1 Mark)

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

ii. How are respiratory passages affected in a patient suffering from cystic fibrosis? (1 Mark) ii. high latitude (1 Mark)

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

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b. How is flora of the coniferous forests adapted to the longer and colder winters? (1 Mark)
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Q.8. (Total 4 Marks) ___________________________________________________________________________________
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With reference to Darwin’s theory of evolution, describe the following:
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c. Name any TWO regions where coniferous forests are located in Pakistan. (1 Mark)
a. descent with modification (2 Marks)
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b. natural selection (2 Marks)
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Q.10. (Total 7 Marks)

EITHER __________________________________________________________________________________
a. __________________________________________________________________________________
i. What is the site of formation of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? (1 Mark) __________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Describe any ONE function and any ONE disorder caused by the hypo-secretion of:
__________________________________________________________________________________
(6 Marks)
• Somatotrophin hormone (STH) __________________________________________________________________________________
• Gonadotrophic hormone
• Antidiuretic hormone __________________________________________________________________________________

OR __________________________________________________________________________________

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b. The given diagram shows events of the ovarian cycle in human female. __________________________________________________________________________________

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Event I Event II Event III Event I
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i. Which phase of uterine cycle occurs simultaneously with each event of the ovarian cycle
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mentioned above? (3 Marks) __________________________________________________________________________________
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Ovarian Cycle Uterine Cycle __________________________________________________________________________________
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Event I __________________________________________________________________________________
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Event II
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Event III
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ii. Describe the hormonal effect of events I and III of ovarian cycle on the thickness of the __________________________________________________________________________________
endometrium. (4 Marks)
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Q.11. (Total 8 Marks)

EITHER
__________________________________________________________________________________
a. Describe any TWO examples of positive ecological interaction and any TWO examples of
negative ecological interaction in an ecosystem. (8 Marks) __________________________________________________________________________________

OR __________________________________________________________________________________

b. __________________________________________________________________________________
i. Describe the phenomena of greenhouse effect and acid rain considering methane and __________________________________________________________________________________
sulphur dioxide as their main sources respectively. (4 Marks)
__________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Mention any TWO effects of global warming and any TWO effects of acid rain. (4 Marks)

___________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

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