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23 views

CH03

Uploaded by

lehuynhminhthi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ch03.

Equilibrium of particle
Applications
The crane is lifting a load. To decide
if the straps holding the load to the
crane hook will fail, you need to
know forces in the straps. How
could you find those forces?

Straps
For a spool of given weight, how
would you find the forces in
cables AB and AC? If designing
a spreader bar like the one being
used here, you need to know the
forces to make sure the rigging
doesn’t fail.
For a given force exerted on the boat’s towing pendant, what are
the forces in the bridle cables? What size of cable must you use?
3.1 Condition for the Equilibrium of a Particle
Particle at equilibrium if
- At rest
- Moving at constant a constant velocity

Newton’s first law of motion F  0
 F : is the vector sum of all the forces acting on the particle
 
Newton’s second law of motion  F  ma

When the force fulfill Newton's first law of motion,


ma = 0
a=0
therefore, the particle is moving in constant velocity or at rest
3.2 The Free-Body Diagram

Best representation of all the unknown forces (∑F) which acts on the
particle.

A drawing showing with all the forces acting on it is called a free-


body diagram (FBD).

The FBD at point A


y
FB
30
FDA A x

FC = 392.4 N
3.3 Coplanar Force Systems
A particle is subjected to coplanar forces in the x-y plane. Each
force resolve into i and j components for equilibrium
F  0
Fx i  Fy j  0
Particle A is equilibrium, the consultant force is
y FB F = 0  FB + FC + FD = 0
30   Fx i +  Fy j = 0
FD A x
Fx = 0
A
FC = 392.4 N
 Fy = 0

+   Fx = FB cos 30º – FD = 0 FB = 785 N →


+   Fy = FB sin 30º – 392.4 N = 0 FD = 680 N ←
Springs
Linearly elastic spring: change in length is
directly proportional to the force acting on it

spring constant or stiffness k : defines the


elasticity of the spring
Magnitude of force when spring
is elongated or compressed F  ks

s  l  l0 s  l  l0
- S is positive: elongation, F “pull”on the spring
- S is negative: shortening, F “push”on the spring
Cables and Pulleys
All cables (or cords) are assumed to have
negligible weight and they cannot stretch
A cable only support tension or pulling force, and
this force always acts in the direction of the cable
Tension force in a continuous cable must have a
constant magnitude for equilibrium

Smooth Contact

If an object rests on a smooth


surface, then the surface will exert
N
a force on the object that is normal
to the surface at the point of contact
W
Ex. 3.2. determine the tension in cables BA and BC necessary to
support the 60KG cylinder.
y
TA TC

x
Ex. The crate has a weight of 550 N. Determine the force in each
supporting cable
3.4 Three-Dimensional Force Systems

For particle equilibrium


F  0
In three-dimensional force
system: resolve into i, j, k
components

 Fx i   Fy j   Fz k  0

Three scalar equations


representing algebraic sums of
the x, y, z forces
 Fx  0
 Fy  0 These three equations can be used
 F  0 to solve for up to three unknowns.
z
Ex. 3.5. determine the force in the cables and the stretch of the
spring for equilibrium. Cable AD, AC lie in the x-y and x-z,
respectively.

TC

W TB
TD
1. Select the correct FBD of particle A.

30 A 40

100 N

F1 F2
A
A) B)
30 40°
100 N
A
F F1 F2
C) 30° D) 30° 40°
A
A
100 N 100 N
2. Using this FBD of Point C, the sum of F2
forces in the x-direction ( FX) is ___ .
20 N 50°
Use a sign convention of +  . C
F1
A) F2 sin 50° – 20 = 0

B) F2 cos 50° – 20 = 0
C) F2 sin 50° – F1 = 0
D) F2 cos 50° + 20 = 0

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