1.

PROBLEM
From the given quadrilateral spherical triangle whose parts are:
A = 58˚10', B = 81˚55' and c = 90˚

➀ Compute for side "a".

➁ Compute for side "b".
③ Compute for angle C.

Solution:
➀ Side "a" ➁ Side "b"
a' = 180 - A Sin a' = tan (co - B') tan b'
a' = 180 - 58˚10' tan b'
a' = 121˚50' Sin a' = tan B'
b' = 180 - B tan 98˚05'
b' = 180˚ - 81˚55' Sin 121˚50' = tan B'
b' = 98˚05' B' = 77˚07'
C' = 180 - c b = 180 - B'
C' = 180 - 90 b = 102˚53'
C' = 90˚

Using Napiers Rule:

Sin b' = tan a' tan (co - A') ③ Angle C:
Sin 98˚05' = tan 121˚50' Cot A' Sin (co - c') = Cos a' Cos b'
A' = 58˚42' Cos c' = Cos a' Cos b'
a = 180 - A' Cos c' = Cos 121˚50' Cos 98˚05'
a = 180˚ - 58˚42' c' = 85˚45'
a = 121˚34' C = 100 - c'
C = 94˚15'
2. PROBLEM
A line has a parametric equation of x = 4 + 3t and y = 7 + t.

➀ Find the y-intercept of the line.

➁ Find the distance from the origin to this line.
③ Find the angle in degrees between this line and the x-axis.

Solution:
➀ y-intercept of the line: y
t=y-7 x-3y-17=0
x = 4 + 3t
x = 4 + 3(y - 7)
17/3
x = 4 + 3y - 21 θ d
3y = x + 17 (0,0) x
17
x 17
y=3 + 3
y = mx + b
17
Therefore the y-intercept is 3

➁ Distance from the origin to this line:

Ax1 + By1 + C
d=
± A2 + B2
[1(0) - 3(0) - 17]
d=-
+ (1)2 + (- 3)2
d = 5.38

③ Angle that the line makes with the horizontal:

17
When x = 0 y =
3
y = 0 x = - 17
17/3
tan θ = 17
θ = 18.43˚
3. PROBLEM
Two lines has an equation of 2x - y + 2 = 0 and 2x + y - 4 = 0

➀ Find the smallest angle between the two lines.

➁ Determine the equation of the line having a slope of 1/2 which passes thru
the intersection of the lines.
③ What is the equation of the line bisecting the bigger angle formed by the
intersecdtion of the lines.

Solution:
➀ Smallest angle between the two lines:
m2 - m1
tan θ = 1 + m m
2 1
2x + y - 4 = 0 1 2
y = - 2x + 4 θ
y
m1 = - 2
2x - y + 2 = 0
y = 2x + 2 2x-y+2=0
2x+y-4=0
m2 = 2
2 - (- 2)
tan θ = 1 + (2)(- 2) x
4
tan θ = 1 - 4

4
tan θ = - 3

θ = 53.13˚
3. PROBLEM cont.
➁ Equation of line having a slope of 1/2 passing through the intersection of the two lines:
2x - y + 2 = 0
2x + y - 4 = 0
4x - 2 =0
1
x= y
2
1
( )
2 2 -y+2=0 (1/2,3)

y=3 2x-y+2=0
y - y1 2x+y-4=0
m=
x - x1
1 y-3 x
=
2 1
x-2
1 2(y - 3)
2 = 2x - 1
4y - 12 = 2x - 1
2x - 4y + 11 = 0

③ Equation of line bisecting the bigger angle between the two lines:
- (2x - y + 2)
d1 =
(2)2 + (-1)2
- 2x + y - 2
d1 =
5
2x + y - 4
y d1
d2 =
(2)2 + (1)2
2x + y - 4 d2
d2 =
5 2x-y+2=0
- d1 = d2 2x+y-4=0
(- 2x + y - 2) 2x + y - 4
- =
5 5 x
2x - y + 2 = 2x + y - 4
2y = 6
y=3
y-3=0
4. PROBLEM
➀ Determine the coordinates of the point which is 3/5 of the way from the
point (2, - 5) to the point (- 3, 5)
➁ What is the equation of a line having a slope of 2 and passing through this
point.
③ What is the y-intercept of the line joining (2, - 5) and this point.

Solution:
➀ Coordinates of point:
x = x1 + k(x2 - x1) (-3,5) P2 y
y = y1 + k(y2 - y1)
P1 P 3
P1 P2 = 5
2x-y+3=0
P
3 (x,y)
k=5
x
x = x1 + k(x2 - x1)
3
x = 2 + 5 (- 3 - 2)
x=-1 (2,-5) P1
y = y1 + k(y2 - y1)
3
y = - 5 + (5 + 5)
5
y=1
The point is at (- 1, 1)

➁ Equation of line having a slope of 2 passing thru this point:

y - y1
m=x-x
1
y-1
2=x+1
2x + 2 = y - 1
2x - y + 3 = 0
5. PROBLEM
What conic section is represented by
x2 - 4y2 + 8x + 4y = 15.

Solution:
A=1
C=4
B=0
B2 = AC
0 - (1)(- 4) = 4 > 0 (hyperbola)
6. PROBLEM
In the general equation of the conic is
Ax2 + 2Bxy + Cy2 + 2Dx + 2Ey + F = 0 and B2 - AC > 0, then the
conic is:

Solution:
B2 - AC > 0 hyperbola
B2 - AC < 0 ellipse
B2 - AC = 0 parabola
7. PROBLEM
3x2 + 2x - 5y + 7 = 0, determine the curve

Solution:
Ax2 + 2Bxy + Cy2 + 2Dx + 2Ey + F = 0

A=3

B=0

C=0

B2 - AC = (0)2 - (3)(0) = 0
When B2 - AC = 0 it is Parabola
8. PROBLEM
What conic section is represented by
9x2 + 16y2 - 36x - 32y - 92 = 0

Solution:
Ax2 + 2Bxy + Cy2 + 2Dx + 2Ey + F = 0
where A=9
C = 16
B=0

B2 - AC = (0) - (9)(16) = -144 < 0

The conic is an Ellipse
9. PROBLEM
What conic section is 2x2 - 8xy + 4x = 12?

Solution:
Ax2 + 2Bxy + Cy2 + 2Dx + 2Ey + F = 0
where A=2
B = -4
D=1
C=0
B2 - AC = (-4)2 - (2)(0) = 16 > 0
The conic is Hyperbola
10. PROBLEM
A curve has an equation of x2 + y2 = 25.

➀ Find the equation of the tangent to the circle on the first quadrant from point
25
( 3
)
,0 .
➁ Find the point of tangency.
③ Find the equation of the normal.

Solution:
➀ Equation of tangent: normal
x2 + y2 = 25 y
x x1 + y y1 = 25
25
x + 0(y1) = 25
3 1
x1 = 3 (x,y)

x12 + y12 = 25 tangent

(3)2 + y12 = 25
y1 = 4 (0,0) x
(25/3,0)
Equation of tangent: xx1 + yy1 = 25
Equation of tangent: 3x + 4y = 25
➁ Point of tangency is at (3, 4)
③ Equation of normal:
3x + 4y = 25
3 25
y=-4 x- 4
3
m1 = - 4
4
m2 = 3
y - y1
m2 = x - x
1
4 y- 4
3 = x-3
4x - 12 = 3y - 12
4x - 3y = 0
11. PROBLEM
A curve has an equation of y2 = 8x.
➀ Compute the equation of the tangent to the curve at point (2, 4).
➁ Compute the equation of the normal at point (2, 4).
③ Compute the length of the sub-tangent.

Solution:
➀ Equation of tangent at (2, 4).
y2 = 8x
(x + x1)
y y1 = 8 2 normal
y
y(4) = 4(x + 2) tangent
4x - 4y + 8 = 0
x - y + 2 = 0 tangent
(2,4)
➁ Equation of normal:
4
x-y+2=0
y=x+2 A B
x (0,0) 2
x
m1 = 1(slope of tangent)
m2 = - 1 (slope of normal)
y - y1 sub-tangent
m2 =
x - x1
y-4
-1=
x-2
-x+2=y-4
x + y = 6 (normal)

③ Length of sub-tangent:
Slope of tangent = 1
4
=1
x+2
x+2=4
x=2
AB = 2 + 2
AB = 4 (sub-tangent)
12. PROBLEM
In the figure shown is a parabolic lot having a base 20 m. wide and a height of 20 m. The
area is to be sliced by a line OP which cuts the parabola at 15 m. above the base.
➀ Find the equation of the tangent parallel to the line OP.
➁ Find the coordinates of the point of tangency.
③ Find the area of the parabolic segment cut out.

Solution: y
➀ Equation of tangent parallel to OP:
when x = - 10,y = - 20
x2 = - 4ay (0,0)
(-10)2 = - 4a(- 20) x
4a = 5 5m
P
when y = - 5 at point P:
x2 = - 4ay
x2 = - 5(- 5) 15m
x=5
slope of tangent = slope of line OP
O
y2 - y1
m= 20m
x2 - x1
- 5 - (- 20)
m=
5 - (- 10) y y=mx+b
15
m = 15 = 1
y = mx + b tangent
x
y = (1)x + b (x,y)
y=x+b P (x,-5)
x2 = - 4ay
x2 = - 5y
x2
y=- 5
x2 O
- 5 =x+b (-10,-20) (10,-20)
- x2 = 5x + 5b
x2 + 5x + 5b = 0
B2 - 4AC = 0 (condition for tangency) y = mx + b
A = 1, B = 5, C = 5b 5
(5)2 - 4(1)(5b) = 0 y = (1)(x) + 4
20b = 25 4y = 4x + 5
5 4x - 4y + 5 = 0 (equation of tangent)
b=4
12. PROBLEM cont.
➁ Points of tangency:
x2 + 5x + 5b = 0
5(5)
x2 + 5x + 4 = 0
4x2 + 20x + 25 = 0
(2x + 5)(2x + 5) = 0
5
x=-2
y=x+b
5 5
y=-2 +4
5
y=-
4
Points of tangency (- 52 , - 54 )
③ Area of parabolic segment cut out:
Length of line OP:
L2 = (15)2 + (15)2
L = 21.21 m.
Equation of line OP:
y - y1
m=x-x
1
y + 20
1 = x + 10 y y=mx+b
x + 10 = y + 20
x - y - 10 = 0 equation of line OP
Ax + By + C tangent
d= x (-5/2,-5/4)
A2 + B2
[x - y - 10] d
P (5,-5)
d=-
(1)2 + (1)2
5 5
(
- 2 + 4 - 10 ) L
15m
d=-
2
11.25 O
d= = 7.95 (-10,-20) (10,-20)
2 15m
2
A=3 Ld
2
A = 3 (21.21)(7.95)
A = 112.41 m2
13. PROBLEM
A circle has a radius of 5 units with its center at (0, 0).
➀ Deterimine the equation of the tangent at (3, 4).
➁ Compute the length of the sub-tangent.
③ Compute the length of the sub-normal.

Solution:
➀ Equation of tangent:
x2 + y2 = 25
A
x x1 + y y1 = 25 (3,4)
x(3) + y(4) = 25
θ
3x + 4y = 25
θ
O B C
➁ Length of sub-tangent: = BC
4 BC
3 = 4
BC = 5.33

③ Length of sub-normal = OB
Sub-normal = 3
14. PROBLEM
The equation of a given conic is expressed as x2 + y2 = 25.
➀ What is the equation of the tangent (-3,4)
➁ Find the length of the sub-tangent.
③ Find the length of the sub-normal.

Solution:
➀ Equation of tangent (-3, 4)
xx1 + yy1 = 25
x(-3) + y(4) = 25
tangent
- 3x + 4y = 25
3x - 4y + 25 = 0 B
(-3,4)

➁ Length of sub-tangent: 4 θ
5

AC = sub-tangent θ (0,0)
C -3 D
AC 4 A

4 =3
AC = 5.33 (sub-tangent)

③ Length of the sub-normal:

CD = sub-normal
CD = 3