Photoshop

Introduction:-
 Photoshop is the leading professional
image editing program, released by
Adobe.
 Photoshop is useful for both creating
and editing images.
 Easy to use, but full of high-quality
features, Photoshop is the best choice
for any image manipulation job.

Screen Technology Basics:-

 There are two places to find the Screen
Modes in Photoshop.
 One is in the Menu Bar along the
top of the screen. Go up to the
 Viewmenu in the Menu Bar and
choose Screen Mode.
 Another place to find the Screen
Modes is in the Toolbar along the
left of the screen. The Screen
Mode icon is the last icon at the
very bottom.

1. The Standard Screen Mode:-

 By default, Photoshop uses the
Standard Screen Mode
 Standard Screen Mode displays the
entire Photoshop interface, including the
Toolbar on the left and the panels on the
right. It also includes the Menu Bar and
the Options Bar along the top. The tab
above the document window, scroll bars
along the right and bottom, and the
Status Bar in the bottom left of the
document window, are all displayed as
 well. The Standard Screen Mode gives us
quick access to everything we'd need.
2. Full Screen Mode With Menu Bar:-
 Full Screen Mode with Menu Bar hides
any interface elements that were part of
the document window itself. This
includes the tab at the top, the scroll
bars along the right and bottom of the
image, and the Status Bar in the lower
left of the document window. It also
hides the buttons for minimizing,
maximizing and closing Photoshop
which are normally found in the upper
left of the interface.Also, if you had two or
more images open in separate tabbed
documents, only the active document
remains visible. All of Photoshop's other
interface elements (the Toolbar, panels,
Menu Bar and Options Bar) remain on the
screen:
3. Full Screen Mode:-
 In Full Screen Mode, Photoshop
completely hides the interface. This
leaves just the image itself visible,
turning your entire screen into your
work area.To exit Full Screen Mode,
simply press the Esc key on your
keyboard. This will return you to the
Standard Screen Mode.

CREATE A NEW IMAGE IN PHOTOSHOP:-

 First Choose File→ New Or press Ctrl+N

 Name:-The Name field is where you can
add a name to your new document. This
should be a name that helps you easily
identify the file.
Prest

 Preset:-Choose Custom in preset, enter

the width and height of your image
manually by typing the width and height
of your choice in the text boxes.
 Resolution:-basically resolution defines
the pixels per inch, pixels per centimeter
in the document.The Standard Resolution
set 72 pixels per inch.
 Color-Mode:- Default mode for new
Photoshop images, the RGB model and 8
bit is used by computer monitors to
display colors.
 Background Contents: You have three
choices: White, Background Color, and
Transparent. The selection you make
results in the color of the blank image.
 Press OK button
Working of photoshop:-
 When you open the program you see a
toolbox on the left with tools you will
use to manipulate your images, and on
the right, a white square which is your
"canvas" or work area. The gray area
surrounding the canvas is not part of
your image, but only defines its edges.

1. Menu Bar:-One of the basic

elements of Adobe Photoshop is the
menu bar, located at the very top of
the program. The menu bar is used to
open and save files, adjust the canvas
size, access some of the editing tools,
open and close various windows, and
more.
Option Bar:-The Options Bar is the
horizontal bar that runs underneath the
Menu Bar in Photoshop. You can turn it
on and off through the Windows menu,
so if you don’t see it on your screen, you
definitely want to turn it on with
Window -> Options.
The job of the Options Bar is to set the
options of the tool you are about to use.
For example, if I want to make a
rectangular marquee selection, I would
pick the Rectangular Marquee tool and
then pick my options (feather, anti-alias,
fixed aspect ratio)
Layers:-
 You can think of layers as transparent
pages which you can add on top of your
 original image to make changes and
additions.
 When a new layer is created it can be
moved and edited independently form
others.
 You can duplicate your image and then
apply effects without destroying the
original. Having layers gives you much
more control.
 You can apply effects, change only parts
of your photo or change the opacity of
a top layer, so that a layer below it is
partially visible. Additionally you can
use masks and blending options to
create interesting effect.
 By default a layer tab is located in the
bottom right corner of Adobe
Photoshop workspace, if it’s not there,
 then you can activate it by going to
Window>Layers on the top Navigation
Bar or hitting [F7].
 When you open a file or create a new
one, an initial layer called ‘Background’
is automatically created. It is locked by
default, which is indicated by a lock
icon. When opening a photo for editing,
I suggest always keeping
this background layer untouched, to
have an original image for reference.

Creating new layer:-

 To create a new layer click on a
‘New Layer’ icon in the bottom right
corner or go to Layer>New>Layer.
Additionally, you can also hit [Shift]+
[Ctrl]+[N] keys. Once you create a
new layer, it is usually a good idea
 to give it a name specific to its effect
or its change relative to the rest of
the file.
 You can specify a layer name during
its creation or you can change it
later by double clicking on its title.
 Moreover, you can also toggle an
eye icon on/off next to a layer to
make it disappear or become visible
on the actual file. You can also
change the color of a layer if you
want to have a specific designation.
This can either be done during
creation or by double clicking on a
layer. Additionally, you can change
layer’s position by simply dragging it
up or down. Remember that the top
level always has a priority over the
bottom one and will always cover it.
Moving Layers
As you know, the order in which layers are stacked does make a difference to the appearance of your
image. It is important that you know how to move layers so that you are able to
change the order of them as needed.

1. Select the layer(s) you wish to move.

 2. Click and hold your mouse and drag the layer to the desired position. A
thick line will appear between layers to indicate where the layer will be
dropped. Once you have the layer where you want it, release your
mouse and the layer will move to the new location.

Finding Layers

Almost every Photoshop document has more than one layer and those layers
can quickly become overwhelming and and make it hard to find anything.
Fortunately, there are some tools to help find different types of layers.

1. Click on the Search Dropdown ( ), to select whether you want to search layers by
Kind, Name, Effect, Mode, Attribute, or Color.

2. After selecting a search method, use the options to the right of the Search Dropdown to select
additional attributes to return search results.
Creating Groups
Another feature to help keep you and your layers organized is to create folders, also known as groups.
You can add layers to a group and organize them however you wish.

1. Create a new folder by clicking the "Create a new group" button ( ) at the bottom of the
layers palette.

2. Drag layers onto the group folder layer to add them to the group.

3. Double-click on the Group Name in the Layers Palette to rename it.

Types of Layers
There are many types of layers! Some layers are pieces of a final image that you are putting
together, some are shape or text layers (created automatically), and some are fill or
adjustment layers. Fill or adjustment layers allow you to play with different colors or effects
without changing your main image. If you change your mind, you can delete or alter the fill
or adjustment layer, and your original image layer is still intact.

Whenever you first open an image in Photoshop, the default layer containing
Background Layer that image will be called the Background Layer. The Background Layer is a
protected layer, and many filters and effects cannot be applied to
background layers.

Background layers will always be named, "Background", and will be locked,

or protected, by default. To unprotect the background, double-click layer's
name in the Layers Palette, a dialog box will appear where you can change
the layer nameand other details if you'd like, click OK and your layer will now
be unprotected.
 Image Layers are layers that contain any image information.
Image Layer
Whenever we create a new layer, by default it is an Image Layer. The
Layer Thumbnail of Image Layers contains a preview of the cotents
of that layer.

Adjustment Layers are layers that contain only image adjustment

Adjustment Layer information and can be deleted or modified at any time. Adjustment
Layers are a recommended way to make color and tone adjustments to
your images because they are non-destructive to your image.

Adjustment Layers are very flexible by allowing the user to easily

modify, mask, or delete them. Double clicking on the Layer
Thumbnail will allow you to made changes to theAdjustment Layer.

Type Layer
Type Layers contain only live type. They can be created and edited through
the use of the Type Tool ( ).

Fill Layer
Fill layers can contain solid colors, gradients, or patterns. Create a
new Fill Layer by going to Layer in the menu and selecting New Fill
Layer and selecting either Solid Color, Gradient,or Pattern.
Shape Layer Shape Layers contain shapes drawn using the Shape Tools.
To edit a shape layer, select the layer and the Shape Tool for options.

Visibility Toggle

This is a handy layer feature that allows to to show and hide particular layers without having
to delete them.

 Hide or Show a layer by clicking on the eyeball icon to toggle visibility.

Opacity and Fill

The Opacity and Fill commands allow you to change the opacity (or transparency) of a
layer. Both commands work the same except for one difference. In the circles shown below,
notice that the Opacity change affects both the fill and stroke of the circle and the Fill
change affects only the fill and not the stroke of the circle. Opacity and Fill changes can
drastically change the appearance of a layer and are recommended when trying to blend
objects or make adjustments more subtle.
Blending Modes
Blending modes affect the appearance of layers and how they will display. Blending modes
are broken down into five different groupings that affect the layer differently. The best way
to use Blending Modes is to mix and match them and experiment with different
variations. This Adobe Website provides more detailed information and examples of layers
with each blending mode applied.

Blending Mode Dropdown

List of Blending Modes

Locking Layers
Locking layers can be a handy tool when working in Photoshop. There are several ways to
lock the layer or layer contents. Each layer can be locked by selecting the layer, and then
selecting the type of lock. Below are the types of locks.

Layer Buttons
There are several buttons that live at the bottom of the layers palette, which we will explore
in this sections. Many of these buttons perform actions that can be found in other locations
within the program, but are also in the Layers Palette for convenience and ease. These
buttons are outlined below:
 Link layers - Select two or more layers and click this button to link them together.
Linking means that they will all move together.
Add a new layer style - This button allows you to add a new layer style without
going to Layer and selecting Layer Style in the menu.

Add layer mask - Clicking this will add a new layer mask to the selected layer.

Create new fill or adjustment layer - This button allows you to add a new layer style
without using the Adjustments Palette.

Create a new group - Click this to create a new group (aka folder). Drag layers into
this group to organize them.

Create a new layer - Clicking this will create a new, empty layer.

Delete layer - Select a layer or multiple layers and click this button to permanently
delete them.

Photoshop Tools:-
Toolbox in the Quick mode
The toolbox in the Quick mode contains a
small set of easy-to-use tools. The
tools available in this mode are Zoom,
Hand, Quick Selection, Eye, Whiten Teeth,
Straighten, Type, Spot Healing Brush, Crop,
and Move.
Quick mode toolbox

A. Zoom tool B. Hand tool C. Quick

Selection tool D. Eye tool E. Whiten Teeth
tool F. Straighten tool G. Type tool H. Spot
Healing Brush tool I. Crop tool J. Move tool
Toolbox in the Expert mode
In the Expert mode, the toolbox is richer
than the toolbox in the Quick mode. The
tools are organized in the following logical
groups:
 View
 Select
 Enhance
 Draw
 Modify
Expert mode toolbox

A. View tools B. Select tools C. Enhance

tools D. Draw tools E. Modify tools F. Color
Tools in the View group of the Expert mode
toolbox
Zoom tool (Z)
Zooms in or zooms out your image. The
related tools shown in the Tool Options bar
are Zoom In and Zoom Out. For more
information about the Zoom tool, see Zoom
in or out.
Hand tool (H)
Moves your photo in the Photoshop
Elements workspace. You can drag your
image using this tool. For more information,
see Viewing images in Expert or Quick
modes.
Tools in the Select group of the Expert
mode toolbox
Move tool (V)
Moves selections or layers. For more
information, see Move a selection.
Rectangular Marquee tool (M)
Selects an area in your image in a
rectangular box. Hold the Shift key to make
the selection a square.
Elliptical Marquee tool (M)
Selects an area in your image in an elliptical
shape. Hold the Shift key to make the
selection a circle.
Lasso tool (L)
Selects an area in your image in a free-form
shape.
Magnetic Lasso tool (L)
Selects part of an image by selecting the
high-contrast edges around a shape.
Polygonal Lasso tool (L)
Draws straight-edged segments of a
selection border.
Quick Selection tool (A)
Makes a selection based on color and
texture similarity when you click or click-
drag the area you want to select.
Selection Brush tool (A)
Selects the area where you paint with the
brush.
Magic Wand tool (A)
Selects the pixels with similar colors in a
single click.
Refine Selection Brush tool (A)
Adds or removes areas to and from a
selection by automatically detecting the
edges. For more information on this tool,
see Edit and refine selections.
Auto Selection tool (A)
Automatically makes a selection when you
draw a shape around the object you want
to select.
For more information on selection, see Use
tools to make selections.
Tools in the Enhance group of the Expert
mode toolbox
Eye tool (Y)
Removes the red eye effect, pet eye effect,
and corrects closed eyes in your photos. For
more information about the tool,
see Precisely remove red eye, Remove the
Pet Eye effect, and Correct closed eyes.
Spot Healing Brush tool (J)
Removes spots from your photos. For more
information about this tool, see Remove
spots and unwanted objects.
Healing Brush tool (J)
Removes spots from your photo by
selecting a part of your photo as the
reference point.
Smart Brush tool (F)
Applies tonal and color adjustments to
specific areas of a photo.
Detail Smart Brush tool (F)
Paints the adjustment to specific areas of a
photo just like a painting tool.
For more information about Smart brushes,
see Adjust color and tonality using the
Smart Brush tools and Apply the Smart
Brush tools.
Clone Stamp tool (S)
Paints with an image sample, which you can
use to duplicate objects, remove image
imperfections, or paint over objects in your
photo. You can also clone part of an image
to another image. For more information,
see Clone images or areas in an image.
Pattern Stamp tool (S)
Paints with a pattern defined from your
image, another image, or a preset pattern.
For more information, see Use the Pattern
Stamp tool.
Blur tool (R)
Softens hard edges or areas in an image by
reducing details. For more information,
see Blur or soften edges.
Sharpen tool (R)
Sharpens a photo by focusing soft edges in
the photo to increase clarity or focus. For
more information on sharpening,
see Sharpen an image.
Smudge tool (R)
Simulates the actions of dragging a finger
through wet paint. The tool picks up color
where the stroke begins and pushes it in
the direction you drag. For more
information on the tool, see Use the
Smudge tool.
Sponge tool (O)
Changes the color saturation of an area. For
more information on how to use the tool,
see Adjust saturation in isolated areas.
Dodge tool (O)
Lightens areas of an image. You can use the
tool to bring out details in shadows. For
more information on the Dodge tool,
see Quickly lighten or darken isolated areas.
Burn tool (O)
Darkens areas of the image. You can use the
tool to bring out details in highlights. For
more information on the Burn tool,
see Quickly lighten or darken isolated areas.
Tools in the Draw group of the Expert mode
toolbox
Brush tool (B)
Creates soft or hard strokes of color. You
can use it to simulate airbrush techniques.
For more information about the tool,
see Use the Brush tool.
Impressionist Brush tool (B)
Changes the existing colors and details in
your image so your photo looks like it was
painted using stylized brush strokes. For
more information about the tool, see Use
the Impressionist Brush tool.
Color Replacement tool (B)
Simplifies replacing specific colors in your
image. For more information about the
tool, see Replace color in an image.
Eraser tool (E)
Erases the pixels in the image as you drag
through them. For more information about
the tool, see Use the Eraser Tool.
Background Eraser tool (E)
Turns color pixels to transparent pixels so
that you can easily remove an object from
its background. For more information about
the tool, see Use the Background Eraser
tool.
Magic Eraser tool (E)
Changes all similar pixels when you drag
within a photo. For more information,
see Use the Magic Eraser tool.
Paint Bucket tool (K)
Fills an area that is similar in color value to
the pixels you click. For more information
about the tool, see Use the Paint Bucket
tool.
Pattern tool (K)
Applies a fill or a pattern to your image,
instead of using one of the brush tools. For
more information, see Fill a layer with a
color or pattern.
Gradient tool (G)
Fills in an area of image by a gradient. For
more information, see Apply a gradient.
Color Picker tool (I)
Copies or samples the color of an area in
your photo to set a new foreground or
background color. For more information
about the tool, see Choose a color with the
Eyedropper tool.
Custom Shape tool (U)
Provides different shape options for you to
draw. When you select the Custom Shape
tool, you can access these shapes in the
Tool Options bar.
The other shape-related tools available in
the Tool Options bar are:
 Rectangle
 Rounded Rectangle
 Ellipse
 Polygon
 Star
 Line
 Selection
For more information about creating
shapes, see Create shapes.
Type tool (T)
Creates and edits text on your image.
The other type-related tools available in the
Tool Options bar are:
 Vertical Type
 Horizontal Type Mask
 Vertical Type Mask
 Text on Selection
 Text on Shape
 Text on Custom Path
For more information about adding and
editing text on your image, see Add text.
Pencil tool (N)
Creates hard-edged freehand lines. For
more information, see Use the Pencil tool.
Tools in the Modify group of the Expert
mode toolbox
Crop tool (C)
Trims the part of an image according to the
selection. For more information about the
tool, see Crop an image.
Perspective Crop tool (C)
Transforms the perspective of a picture
while cropping it. For more information
about the tool, see Perspective Crop tool.
Content-Aware Move tool (Q)
Selects an object in your photo and moves
the selection to a different location, or
extends it. For more information about the
tool, see Move and reposition objects.
Straighten tool (P)
Realigns an image vertically or horizontally.
For more information about the tool,
see Straighten an image.
Use a tool
To use a tool in the Quick or Expert mode,
first select the tool from the toolbox. Next,
use the various options in the Tool Options
bar to accomplish your task.
Select a tool
Do one of the following:
 Click a tool in the toolbox.
 Press the keyboard shortcut for the tool.
For example, press B to select the Brush
tool. The keyboard shortcut for a tool is
displayed in the tool tip. You can also
find a list of helpful keyboard shortcuts
in Keys for selecting tools.
Note:
You cannot deselect a tool—once you select
a tool, it remains selected until you select a
different tool. For example, if you’ve
selected the Lasso tool, and you want to
click your image without selecting anything,
select the Hand tool.
Select options from the Tool Options bar
The Tool Options bar appears at the bottom
in the Photoshop Elements window. It
displays the options for a selected tool. For
example, if you select the Crop tool from
the toolbox, you find related tools (Cookie
Cutter tool and Perspective Crop tool), and
other options in the Tool Options bar.
Click here to watch a video on how to use
the Crop tool. The video explains the
options available in the Tool Options bar for
the Crop tool.
Note:
If the Tool Options bar is not visible, click
the tool icon in the toolbox or click Tool
Options in the Taskbar.
Tool Options bar for the Lasso tool

A. Active tool icon B. Related tools C.

Additional options
Edit tool preferences
You can modify the default preferences for
tools. For example, you can hide the tool
tips or change the appearance of a tool
pointer.
Edit General preferences
1. Do one of the following:
o In Windows, choose Edit >
Preferences > General.
 o In Mac, choose Photoshop Elements
> Preferences > General.
2. Set one or more of the following
options:
o Select Show Tool Tips to show tool
tips.
o Select Use Shift Key for Tool
Switch to cycle through a set of
hidden tools by holding down
the Shift key. When this option is
deselected, you can cycle through a
set of tool options by pressing the
keyboard shortcut (without holding
down Shift). For example,
pressing B on your keyboard
repeatedly cycles through all the
Brush tool options (Brush,
Impressionist Brush, and Color
Replacement tools).
 o Select Select Move tool After
Committing Text to select the Move
tool after you use the Type tool to
add text to your photo.
3. Click OK.
Set the appearance of a pointer
1. Do one of the following:
o In Windows, choose Edit >
Preferences > Display & Cursors.
o In Mac, choose Photoshop Elements
> Preferences > Display & Cursors.
2. Select a setting for the painting
cursors:
Standard Displays pointers as tool
o

icons
Precise Displays pointers as cross-
o

hairs
 o Normal Brush Tip Displays pointers
as circles at 50% of the size you
specify for the brush
o Full Size Brush Tip Displays pointers
as circles at the full size you specify
for the brush
o Show Crosshair In Brush Tip Displays
cross-hairs in the circles when you
choose either Normal Brush Tip or
Full Size Brush Tip
3. Select a setting for other cursors:
o Standard Displays pointers as tool
icons
o Precise Displays pointers as cross-
hairs
4. Click OK.
Resize or change the hardness of painting
cursors by dragging (Windows only)
You can resize or change the hardness of a
painting cursor by dragging in the image. As
you drag, you preview both the size and
hardness of the painting tool.
 To resize a cursor, right-click + press Alt,
and drag to the left or right.
 To change the hardness of a cursor,
right-click + press Alt, and drag up or
down.
Reset tool settings to default
You can restore the default settings of a
selected tool or all tools.
1. Select a tool from the toolbox.
Alternatively, press keyboard shortcut
for the tool.
2. Click to open the pop-up menu in
the Tool Options bar and do one of the
following:
o To reset the selected tool, click Reset
Tool.
o To reset all the tools, click Rest All
Tools.