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#1 Basic Electronics

This document provides an overview of basic electronic components including resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. It explains their functions, characteristics, and applications in circuits, as well as introduces concepts like series and parallel circuits. Additionally, it covers practical tools like breadboards and various sensors used in electronic projects.

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baglostar786
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8 views

#1 Basic Electronics

This document provides an overview of basic electronic components including resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. It explains their functions, characteristics, and applications in circuits, as well as introduces concepts like series and parallel circuits. Additionally, it covers practical tools like breadboards and various sensors used in electronic projects.

Uploaded by

baglostar786
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Basic Electronics

 Lecture: 01

 Engr: M Saleem Jamali.


 B.E(Telecommunication)
 M.E(Information Technology)
Ground and Source
Resistors
A resistor is a component that
resists the flow of current. It's
one of the most basic
components used in electronic
circuits, you get an idea of how
small they are.
RESISTORS
Capacitors
Next to resistors, capacitors are
probably the second most commonly
used component in electronic
circuits. A capacitor is a device that
can temporarily store an electric
charge.

CAPACITORS
Diodes
A diode is a device that lets current flow in
only one direction. A diode has two
terminals, called the anode and the
cathode. Current will flow through the
diode only when positive voltage is applied
to the anode and negative voltage to the
cathode. If these voltages are reversed,
current will not flow.
Light-Emitting Diodes
A light-emitting diode (or LED)
is a special type of diode that
emits light when current passes
through it.
Transistors
A transistor is a three-terminal device
in which a voltage applied to one of the
terminals (called the base) can control
current that flows across the other two
terminals (called the collector and the
emitter). The transistor is one of the
most important devices in electronics.
transistor
Integrated Circuits
An integrated circuit is a special component
that contains an entire electronic circuit,
complete with transistors, diodes, and other
elements. Integrated circuits are the
building blocks of modern electronic
devices such as computers and cellphones.
What is a circuit?

Combination of electronic parts, wires connected between


power sources. It's like a physical program.
What is a breadboard?

What are they good for?

Creating , organizing, and prototyping a circuit.


What are LEDs?

Light Emitting Diodes


Diode Symbol + Arrows for light
Points to ground
LED Circuit

1 LED Plus resistor


Why have a resistor?
Current, limiting.
Series circuit example
Parallel Circuit example
Parallel and Series Circuit Example
Fundamental Parts

Resistor
Capacitor
Wire
Diodes
Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
Battery
Transistors
Motors
They each have a physical property that interacts with electricity.
When put in combination various actions occur.
What are resistors?

Resistors provide a specific amount of resistance to a path in a


circuit or wire. Ohm's law is used to calculate the
properties related to resistance.

Ohm's Law: I = V/R


I = Current measured in Amps
V = Voltage measured in Volts
R = Resistance measured in Ohms

Resistors are color coded.


Resistor Color Code

Resistor Color Code Wheel Calculator


Variable resistor: The potentiometer

Voltage dividers
Try out the different pots.
LED and Photoresistor

Photoresistors change their resistance by the amount of light


detected.
What are capacitors?

Capacitor is two separated charges.


Known charge up time.
Know discharge time.
Two major kinds
• Electrolytic, asymmetric, bipolar
• Ceramic, symmetric
Capacitors in series
Capacitors in Parallel

They can provide energy, however briefly.


They can smooth out a signal.

Attach the battery briefly to fill the capacitor.


Capacitors in series and parallel
Make a voltage regulator
Turn things on and off with a:

Wire
Button
Photoresistor
Hall Effect Sensor
Relay
Transistor
Button
Switch
Transistors

NPN Transistor
Hall Effect Sensor
Reed Switch Example

A reed switch is closed when a magnet is in close proximity.


It is symmetric so it can placed either direction.
Tilt ball switch

Emergency on/off if project tips over.


Motors

Try changing the direction


of the diode.
What happens?
Relay

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