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Biology

The document outlines key topics, definitions, and potential long questions for the Biology curriculum relevant to the Gujranwala Board exams in 2025. It covers essential areas such as the introduction to biology, biodiversity, cell structure, enzymes, bioenergetics, and nutrition, along with important diagrams and preparation tips. The document emphasizes understanding concepts, practicing diagrams, and revising definitions to aid in exam readiness.

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mirzarohandildarmirza0
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3 views

Biology

The document outlines key topics, definitions, and potential long questions for the Biology curriculum relevant to the Gujranwala Board exams in 2025. It covers essential areas such as the introduction to biology, biodiversity, cell structure, enzymes, bioenergetics, and nutrition, along with important diagrams and preparation tips. The document emphasizes understanding concepts, practicing diagrams, and revising definitions to aid in exam readiness.

Uploaded by

mirzarohandildarmirza0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Based on the content of **Biology 9.

pdf**, here are the important topics,


definitions, and potential long questions that could be relevant for the
**Gujranwala Board exams in 2025**. These topics are selected based on
their significance and likelihood of appearing in the exams.

### **Important Topics**

1. **Introduction to Biology**

- Divisions and Branches of Biology (Zoology, Botany, Microbiology)

- Relationship of Biology with other sciences (Biophysics, Biochemistry,


Biomathematics)

- Careers in Biology (Medicine, Agriculture, Biotechnology)

- Quran and Biology (Verses related to creation and life)

2. **Solving Biological Problems**

- Biological Method (Observation, Hypothesis, Experimentation)

- Study of Malaria as an example of the Biological Method

- Theory, Law, and Principle in Biology

3. **Biodiversity**

- Importance of Biodiversity

- Classification (Taxonomy, Five-Kingdom System)

- Binomial Nomenclature

- Conservation of Biodiversity (Deforestation, Over-hunting, Endangered


Species)

4. **Cells and Tissues**

- Cell Theory
- Structure and Function of Cell Organelles (Nucleus, Mitochondria,
Chloroplast, Ribosomes, etc.)

- Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

- Animal and Plant Tissues (Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous, Xylem,


Phloem)

5. **Cell Cycle**

- Phases of Cell Cycle (Interphase, Mitosis, Meiosis)

- Significance of Mitosis and Meiosis

- Apoptosis and Necrosis

6. **Enzymes**

- Characteristics of Enzymes

- Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity (Temperature, pH, Substrate


Concentration)

- Mechanism of Enzyme Action (Lock and Key Model, Induced Fit Model)

7. **Bioenergetics**

- Role of ATP in Energy Transfer

- Photosynthesis (Light and Dark Reactions)

- Respiration (Aerobic and Anaerobic)

- Comparison of Photosynthesis and Respiration

8. **Nutrition**

- Mineral Nutrition in Plants (Macronutrients, Micronutrients)

- Components of Human Food (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins,


Minerals)

- Importance of Fertilizers (Organic and Inorganic)


### **Important Definitions**

1. **Biology**: The scientific study of life.

2. **Hypothesis**: A tentative explanation of observations that can be


tested.

3. **Biodiversity**: The variety of organisms present in different ecosystems.

4. **Taxonomy**: The branch of biology that deals with the classification of


organisms.

5. **Cell Theory**: All organisms are composed of one or more cells; cells are
the basic unit of life; cells arise from pre-existing cells.

6. **Enzyme**: A protein that acts as a biocatalyst, speeding up biochemical


reactions.

7. **Photosynthesis**: The process by which plants synthesize glucose from


carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.

8. **Respiration**: The process by which cells break down glucose to release


energy in the form of ATP.

9. **Mitosis**: A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells with
the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

10. **Meiosis**: A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells,
each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

### **Potential Long Questions**

1. **Explain the steps involved in the Biological Method using the example of
Malaria.**

2. **Describe the Five-Kingdom Classification System and its significance in


Biology.**

3. **Discuss the structure and functions of the major cell organelles in a


eukaryotic cell.**
4. **Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis, highlighting their significance
in living organisms.**

5. **Explain the process of Photosynthesis, including the light and dark


reactions.**

6. **Describe the mechanism of Aerobic Respiration, including Glycolysis,


Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain.**

7. **Discuss the role of enzymes in metabolism and explain the factors that
affect enzyme activity.**

8. **Explain the importance of Biodiversity and discuss the steps that can be
taken for its conservation.**

9. **Describe the role of macronutrients and micronutrients in plant growth


and development.**

10. **Compare and contrast the processes of Photosynthesis and Respiration


in terms of their roles in bioenergetics.**

### **Important Diagrams**

1. **Structure of a Plant Cell and Animal Cell**

2. **Stages of Mitosis and Meiosis**

3. **Photosynthesis (Light and Dark Reactions)**

4. **Aerobic Respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain)**

5. **Structure of ATP**

6. **Enzyme Action (Lock and Key Model, Induced Fit Model)**

### **Tips for Preparation**

- Focus on understanding the concepts rather than rote memorization.

- Practice drawing and labeling diagrams, as they are often asked in exams.

- Revise the definitions and long questions thoroughly.


- Solve past papers to get an idea of the exam pattern and frequently asked
questions.

Good luck with your preparation!

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