🟋 Sector: The portion (or part) of the circular region enclosed by two radii and the

corresponding arc of a circle is called a sector of the circle.

 [147]
 Here region OAPB is a sector of the circle with centre O. ∠AOB is called the angle of the

sector. Here unshaded region OAPB is called minor sector and shaded region OAQB is
called major sector.

Angle of the major sector = 360° – ∠AOB.

🟋 Segment: The portion (or part) of the circular region enclosed between a chord and
the corresponding arc of a circle is called a segment of the circle.
Shaded region APB is a segment of the circle. The unshaded region AQB is another
segment of the circle formed by the chord AB.

APB is called the minor segment and AQB is called the

major segment.
Method to calculate area of sector and segment
Let OAPB be a sector of a circle with centre O and radius
r. Let ∠AOB = θ. Now area of the circle (in fact a circular region of disc) = πr2. We can
regard this circular region on disc as a sector forming an angle of 360° (i.e. of degree
measure 360) at the centre O. By unitary method, area of the sector OAPB can be
calculated as follows
When the degree measure of the angle at the centre is 360, area of the sector = πr2

When the degree measure is 1, area of sector =

When the degree measure is θ, area of sector =

Thus, area of the sector OAPB (i.e., sector of angle θ) = × πr2

[148]
 where r is the radius of the circle and θ is the angle of the sector.
Next, we shall find the length of the arc APB corresponding to this sector by unitary
method.
If angle subtended at the centre is 360°, then length of the arc = 2πr

∴ If the angle at the centre is θ, then length of the arc of sector APB

Thus, the length of the arc of segment OAPB

i.e., length of arc of sector of angle θ =

Now, area of segment APB.

= area of sector OAPB – area of ΔOAB

= – area of ΔOAB

Cor. 1. Area of major sector AQB = πr2 – area of the minor sector OAPB =

Cor. 2. Area of major segment AQB = πr2 – area of the minor segment APB.

Note: Area of ΔOAB with ∠AOB = θ is r2 sin θ or r2 sin cos

 [149]
 🟋 If θ = 90°, then ΔAOB is right triangle. So, area of ΔAOB = =

🟋 If θ = 60°, then ΔAOB is equilateral triangles. So, of ΔAOB =

🟋 If θ = 120°, then ΔAOB is isosceles triangle. So, area of ΔAOB =

The perimeter of a semi-circular protractor is 32.4 cm. Calculate:

(i) The radius of the protractor in cm
(ii) The area of the protractor in cm2.
Solution
(i) Let the radius of the protractor be r cm.

Then, its perimeter = (πr + 2r) cm.

∴ πr + 2r = 32. 4

⇒ (π + 2)r = 32.4

⇒ r = 32.4

⇒ r = 32.4

⇒ r= cm
[150]
 = 6.3 cm.
Radius of the protractor = 6.3 cm.
(ii) Area of the protractor

= πr2 = cm2

= 62.37cm2.

∴ Area of the protractor = 62.37 cm2.

Two circles touch externally. The sum of their areas is 130π sq. cm and the distance

between their centres is 14 cm. Determine the radii of the circles.

Solution
Let the radii of the given circles be R cm and r cm respectively as shown in figure. As the
circles touch externally, distance between their centres = (R + r) cm.

∴ R + r = 14 … (i)

Sum of their areas = (πR2 + πr2) cm2 = π(R2 + r2) cm2.

∴ π(R2 + r2) = 130π

⇒ R2 + r2 = 130 ...(ii)

We have the identity, (R + r)2 + (R – r)2 = 2(R2 + r2)

⇒ (14)2 + (R – r)2 = 2 × 130 [From (i) and (ii)]

⇒ (R – r)2 = 64

⇒ R–r=8 ... (iii)

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 On solving (i) and (iii), we get R = 11 cm and r = 3 cm.
Hence, the radii of the given circles are 11 cm and 3 cm.

A chord of a circle of radius 14 cm makes a right angle at the centre. Calculate:

(i) The area of the minor segment of the circle.
(ii) The area of the major segment of the circle.
Solution

Let AB be the chord of a circle with centre O and radius 14 cm such that ∠AOB = 90°.

Thus, r = 14 cm and θ = 90°.

(i) Area of sector OACB = = cm2 = 154 cm2.

Area of ΔOAB = = cm2 = 98 cm2.

∴ Area of minor segment ACBA = (Area of sector OACB) – (Area of ΔOAB)

= (154 – 98) cm2 = 56 cm2.

(ii) Area of major segment BDAB = (Area of the circle) – (Area of minor segment ACBA)

= cm2 = (616 – 56) cm2 = 560 cm2.

[152]
 The minute hand of a clock is 10.5 cm long. Find the area swept by it in 15 minutes.
Solution
Angle described by minute hand in 60 minutes = 360°.

Angle described by minute hand in 15 minutes = = 90°.

Thus, the required area is the area of a sector of a circle with central angle, θ = 90° and
radius, r = 10.5 cm.

∴ Required area =

= cm2 = 86.63 cm2.

Area of combinations of plane figures
In this section, we shall calculate the areas of some combinations of plane figures. In our
daily life, we see figures like flowerbeds, drain covers, window designs, designs on table
covers etc. These are combinations of plane figures.

The figure shows a running track surrounding a grass enclosure PQRSTU. The
enclosure consists of a rectangle PQST with a semi-circular region at each end.
Given, PQ = 200 m and PT = 70 m.
(i) Calculate the area of the grassed enclosure in m2.
(ii) Given that the track is of constant width 7 m, calculate the outer perimeter
ABCDEF of the track.

Solution
(i) Diameter of each semi-circular region of grassed enclosure = PT = 70 m,
∴ Radius of each one of them = 35 m.
Area of grassed enclosure
 [153]
 ⇒ (Area of rect. PQST) + 2 (Area of semi-circular region with radius 35 m)

⇒ (PQ × PT) + 2 × πr2 = m2 = 17850 m2.

(ii) Diameter of each outer semi-circle of the track

⇒ AE = (PT + 7 + 7) m = 84 m.

∴ Radius of each one of them = 42 m.

Outer perimeter ABCDEF = (AB + DE + semi-circle BCD + semi-circle EFA)

⇒ (2PQ + 2 × circumference of semi-circle with radius 42 m)

⇒ (2 × 200 + 2 × π × 42) m = m = 664 m.

🟋 In an equilateral Δ of side a units, Height = a, Inradius = , Circumradius =

In an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm, a circle is inscribed, touching its sides. Find

the area of the remaining portion of the triangle. Take = 1.73 and π = 3.14.

Solution

Let ΔABC be the given equilateral triangle in which a circle is inscribed.

Side of the triangle, a = 24 cm.

[154]
 Height of the triangle, h = cm = cm = 12 cm.

Radius of the incircle, r = h= cm = 4 cm.

∴ Required Area = Area of the shaded region

⇒ (Area of ΔABC) – (Area of incircle)

⇒ (144 – 3 .14 × 48) cm2 = (144 × 1.73 – 3.14 × 48) cm2

⇒ [48 × (3 × 1.73 – 3.14)] cm2 = (48 × 2.05) cm2 = 98.4 cm2

In the given figure, ABCPA is a quadrant of a circle of radius 22 cm. With AC as

diameter, a semi-circle is drawn. Find the area of the shaded region.
Solution
Since, ABCPA is a quadrant of a circle of radius 22 cm.

we have,
AB = BC = 22 cm and ∠ABC = 90°.

∴ AC = [by Pythagoras theorem]

= cm = cm =

∴ Radius of the semicircle = AC =

 [155]
 ∴ Required area = (area of the semicircle with AC as diameter) + (area of ΔABC) –
(area
of the quadrant with r = 22 cm)

⇒ cm2

⇒ + 242 – = 242 cm2

[156]
 [157]