CE 432

Principles of Foundation Design

Module 3 – Analysis and Design of Square and Rectangular Footing

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 Load Combinations

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
 Load Combinations

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
 Size of Footing

Note: Use ASD load combinations

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
 Critial Stresses
Wall/Strip/Continuous Footings
• One Way Shear (Beam Shear) only
Square and Rectangular Footing
• One Way Shear (Beam Shear)
• Two Way Shear (Punching Shear)
Combined Footing
• One Way Shear (Beam Shear)

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
One Way Shear (Beam Shear)

• Critical section at “d”

distance from the face
of the column or wall

• d=effective depth of
footing
d1= t – cc – db/2
d2= t – cc – db-db/2

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Two Way Shear (Punching Shear)

• Critical section at “d/2”

distance from the face
of the column or wall

• d=effective depth of
footing

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Two Way Shear (Punching Shear)

Governs for
square and central
columns
d=t – cc - db

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Two Way Shear (Punching Shear)

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
 Shear stresses

Ultimate wide beam shear stress, Ultimate punching shear stress,

Nominal wide beam shear stress, Nominal punching shear stress,

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Flexural Reinforcements (Main bars)

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Flexural Reinforcements (Main bars)
Use d of upper layer, d2=t – cc – db-db/2

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
 Sample Problems
Problem 1:
A 3.5m by 3.5m square footing has a total dead load of 550 kN and total live load of 650 kN. Column size is
300mm square. The thickness is to be 550mm and the depth of the bottom of footing is 2.1m. Use unit weight of
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soil as 16 kN/m and concrete as 24 kN/m . Use gross allowable pressure of 350 kPa. f’c=21 MPa and fy=420 MPa
for 20mm main bars. Calculate the following

a) Demand Capacity Ratio in bearing pressure

b) Demand Capacity Ratio in one way shear (beam shear)
c) Demand Capacity Ratio in two way shear (punching shear)
d) Number of 20 mm main bars in one direction
e) Nominal wide beam shear stress, MPa
f) Nominal punching shear stress, MPa

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 Sample Problems
Problem 2:
A square column footing is to support a 500mm square tied column that carries service dead load of 1200 kN and
service live load of 1120 kN. The base of the footing is 1.50m below the natural grade line. Use a net allowable
pressure of 286 kPa. Assume fy = 275 MPa, f’c=27.5 MPa, and unit weight of concrete 23.5 kN/m3. Design the
footing using NSCP 2015. Determine the following:

a) Required dimension of the square footing, m

b) Required thickness of the footing
c) Total number of 25 mm main bars required.

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 Sample Problems
Problem 3:
A square footing with a 300mm by 600mm rectangular column is loaded with the following:
Axial Load
Dead Load 300 kN
Live Load 500 kN
Earthquake Load 200 kN

Material properties include : f’c = 27.6 MPa, fy=276 MPa for 20mm main bars. Net allowable bearing capacity on
soil report indicates a 320 kPa value. Assume footing thickness to be 520mm. Determine the following:
a) Required dimension of the footing, meters
b) Critical wide beam shear stress, MPa
c) Punching shear stress, MPa
d) Critical Design Moment in the footing, kN-m
e) Number of bars in one direction
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 Sample Problems
Problem 4:
A square footing with a 300mm by 600mm rectangular column is loaded with the following:
Axial Load Moment Load about Y-
Axis
Dead Load 300 kN 50 kN-m
Live Load 500 kN 60 kN-m

Material properties include : f’c = 27.6 MPa, fy=276 MPa for 20mm main bars. Net allowable bearing capacity on
soil report indicates a 320 kPa value. Assume footing thickness to be 520mm. Determine the following:
a) Critical wide beam shear stress, MPa
b) Punching shear stress, MPa
c) Maximum Design Moment, kN-m

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 Sample Problems
Problem 5:
A spread footing supports a 350mm x 350mm column carrying a dead load of 300 kN and a live load of 500 kN.
The footing is subjected to an axial moment produced by the effect of dead load, live load, and earthquake. The
unfactored moment are tabulated below
Dead Load Moment Live Load Moment Earthquake Moment

MDX=50 kN-m MLX=60 kN-m MEX=36 kN-m

MDY=30 kN-m MLY=50 kN-m MEY=29 kN-m

Thickness of the footing is 460mm with an effective depth of 360mm. The bottom of the footing is 1.20m below
the ground surface. Unit weight of soil is 15.7 kN/m3, unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3, f’c=21 MPa, fy=414
MPa . The gross allowable bearing pressure is 300 kPa. Calculate the following
a) Dimension of the spread footing
b) Punching stress at the critical section
c) Number of 20mm bars in each direction
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Analysis and Design of Rectangular Footings

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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Size of Footing
•
One-Way Shear Strength
•

20
Two-Way Shear Strength

21
Two-Way Shear Strength
Distribution of Main Reinforcement
Flexural Reinforcement Requirements
•
 Sample Problems
Problem 1:
A rectangular footing whose width is limited to 3.0m supports a 600mm square
column which carries a total dead load of 400kN and a total live load of 375kN. The
footing is on top of weak soil with effective bearing capacity of 52kPa. Using f’ c =
21MPa and fy = 275MPa for 20mm main bars, determine the following:
a. Required dimension of the footing, m
b. Required thickness of the footing, mm
c. Required number of bars along long side
d. Required number of bars along short side

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTING 25

 Sample Problems
Problem 2:
A rectangular footing whose width is limited to 3.6m supports a 550mm square
column which carries the following loads: PDL = 1200kN, PLL = 1600kN, and PE=
220 kN. For moments about the Y-axis, MDLy = 400kNm, MLLy = 200kNm, MEy = 80
kN-m. The footing is on top of a soil with allowable bearing capacity of 250kPa.
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Thickness of footing is 950mm and depth of footing is 1.8m. Using γc = 23.54kN/m ,
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γs = 16kN/m , f’c = 28MPa, and fy = 275MPa for 28mm main bars, determine the
following:
a. Required dimension of the footing, m
b. Demand capacity ratio in one way shear
c. Demand capacity ratio in two way shear
d. Required number of bars along long side
e. Required number of bars along short side
 Seatwork
A rectangular footing whose width is limited to 3m supports a 300mm by 650mm
rectangular column which carries a total dead load of 800kN, total live load of 745
kN, and earthquake load of 250 kN. Additionally, moment load about the X-axis
include a dead load of 40 kN-m, live load of 32 kN-m and earthquake load of 78
kN-m. The footing is on top of weak soil with effective bearing capacity of 90 kPa.
Using f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 275MPa for 20mm main bars, determine the following:
a. Required dimension of the footing, m
b. Required thickness of the footing, mm
c. Required number of bars along long side
d. Required number of bars along short side