NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION
Visualizing a normal distribution of students in a mathematics quiz
A. Graph the frequency polygon of the following scores of students
in a quiz and find the mean, median and mode.
3(1) + 2(3) + 1(1) = 2
Score Frequency Mean =
5
3 1
2 3
Median = 2
1 1
Mode = 2
N 5

B. Let us increase the number of students to 13.

Score Frequency 5(1) + 4(3) + 3(5) + 2(3) + 1(1)
Mean = 13
5 1
4 3 =3
3 5
2 3 Median = 3
1 1
N 13 Mode = 3
 Positively skewed distribution Negatively skewed distribution
Standard Normal Distribution (Right-skewed distribution) (left-skewed distribution)
 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
▪ The normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a Continuous
Probability Distribution
▪ It is sometimes called the bell curve.

99.73%

95.45%

68.268%

2.14% 13.591% 34.134% 34.134% 13.591% 2.14%

−∞ −3𝜎 −2𝜎 −1𝜎 𝜇 1𝜎 2𝜎 3𝜎 +∞

 PROPERTIES OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
1. The normal distribution curve is BELL SHAPED.

2. The mean, median and mode are equal

and located at the center of the distribution.

3. The normal distribution is UNIMODAL.

4. The normal distribution curve is SYMMETRIC

about the mean
Having side or halves that are equal/same.

5. The total area under the normal distribution curve is 1 or 100%

6. The normal curve is ASYMTOTIC to the x- axis.

This means that as the values move away from the mean, the
curve gets closer to the horizontal axis, but they will never meet
EMPIRICAL
RULE
 Empirical Rule
The Empirical Rule is also referred to as the 68 – 95 – 99.7% rule.
What it tells us is that for a normally distributed variable , the
following are true:
• Approximately 68% of the
data lie within 1
standard deviation of the
mean 68 %

Pr (µ - σ < X< µ + σ)
 Empirical Rule
• Approximately 95% of the data lie within 2 standard
deviation of the mean

Pr (µ - 2σ < X< µ + 2σ)

95 %
 Empirical Rule
• Approximately 99.7% of the data lie within 3 standard
deviation of the mean

Pr (µ - 3σ < X< µ + 3σ)

99.7 %
 Example. The score of the Senior High School in their statistics and
probability quarterly examination are normally distributed with the
mean of 35 and standard deviation of 5.
Answer the following question. b) What scores fall with in 95 % of the
a) What percent of a scores are between 30 and 40? distribution

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Example 2: Use Empirical rule to complete the following table. Write
on the respective column the range or interval of the scores based on
the given parameters.
95%
Standard 68% 99.7%
Mean 𝝁 − 𝟐𝝈 < 𝑿
Deviation 𝝁−𝝈<𝑿<𝝁+𝝈 𝝁 − 𝟑𝝈 < 𝑿 < 𝝁 + 𝟑𝝈
< 𝝁 + 𝟐𝝈
20 − 2 = 18 20 − 2(2) = 16
20 2 20 + 2 = 22

87 5
 IDENTIFYING AREA UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE
Z – TABLE – is based on a normal distribution with mean 𝜇 = 0 and
standard deviation 𝜎 = 1 called standard normal distribution
 IDENTIFYING AREA UNDER THE
NORMAL CURVE
STEPS:

1. Construct a normal curve and locate the z-

score and its corresponding area or
probability.

2. Find the corresponding area in the z-table.

EXAMPLE 1: Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.

z=1 0.3413 𝑜𝑟 34.13%

EXAMPLE 2: Find the area that corresponds to z =1.05.

1.05

𝑧 = 1.05 0.3531 𝑜𝑟 35.31%

EXAMPLE 3: Find the area that corresponds to z = 2.58.

2.58

𝑧 = 2.58 0.4951 𝑜𝑟 49.51%

EXAMPLE 4: Find the area that corresponds to z = - 1.15.

1.15

z = -1.15 0.3749 𝑜𝑟 37.49%

EXAMPLE 5: Find the area that corresponds to z = 1.83.

1.83

z = 1.83 0.4664 𝑜𝑟 46.64%

EXAMPLE 6: Find the area that corresponds to z = - 2.18.

-2.18

z = -2.18 0.4854 𝑜𝑟 48.54%

EXAMPLE 7: Find the area that corresponds to z = - 1.8.

-1.80

z = -1.15 0.4641 𝑜𝑟 46.41%

EXAMPLE 8: Find the proportion of the area greater than
z = - 1.

P(z > -1) = 0.3413 + 0.5

0.3413 0.5
P(z > -1) = 0.8413 or 84.13%
EXAMPLE 9: Find the proportion of the area above z = 1.

P(z > 1) = 0.5 − 0.3413

0.3413
P(z > 1) = 0.1587 or 15.87%

0.5
EXAMPLE 10: Find the area between -2.50 and 1.30.

P(−2.50 < z < 1.30) = .4938 + .4032

0.4938 0.4032 P(−2.50 < z < 1.30) = .897 or 89.7%

-2.50 1.30
Ex.11: Find the area Between z = - 0.78 and z = - 1.95

0.2823
0.4744

-1.95 -0.78
P −0.78 < z < −1.95 = 0.4744 − 0.2823

P −0.78 < z < −1.95 = 0.1921 or 19.21%

EXAMPLE 12: Find the area Between z = - 0.5 and z = 0.5

P −0.5 < z < 0.50 = 0.1915 + 0.1915

P −0.78 < z < −1.95 = 0.383 or 38.3%

--0.5 0.5
EXAMPLE 13: Find the area below z = - 0.58.

P z < −0.58 = 0.5 − 0.2190

P z < −0.58 = 0.281 or 28.1%

-0.58
EXAMPLE 14: Find the area at least z = 1.96.

P z > 1.96 = 0.5 − 4750

0.4750
P z > 1.96 = 0.025 or 2.5%

1.96

0.5
EXAMPLE 15: Find the area at most z = -1.8.

0.4641

-0.58
P z < −1.8 = 0.5 − 0.4641
0.5
P z < −1.8 = 0.0359 or 3.59%
 ACTIVITY #2
Use the z table to find the area that corresponds
to each of the following z-score. Sketch and
label each curve.
1. z = 0.56. 6. Below z = -0.58.
2. z = 1.32. 7. At most z = - 1.76
3. z = - 1.05 8. At least z = 0.45
4. z = - 0.58 9. To the right of z = 1.87
5. z = 1.96 10. Between z = - 2.15 and
z = -1.08.
Tell me and I forget. Teach
me and I remember.
Involve me and I learn.
- Benjamin Franklin

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