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soil machanic.Gupta-and-Gupta-Vol2

The document discusses various concepts in foundation engineering, including types of soils, water content, degree of saturation, and methods for determining soil properties. It covers definitions and formulas related to residual and transported soils, voids ratio, porosity, and density, along with methods for measuring water content and particle size distribution. Additionally, it addresses the importance of understanding soil behavior under different conditions for effective engineering practices.

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36 views

soil machanic.Gupta-and-Gupta-Vol2

The document discusses various concepts in foundation engineering, including types of soils, water content, degree of saturation, and methods for determining soil properties. It covers definitions and formulas related to residual and transported soils, voids ratio, porosity, and density, along with methods for measuring water content and particle size distribution. Additionally, it addresses the importance of understanding soil behavior under different conditions for effective engineering practices.

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sanjaykumarkanwar108
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Foundation Engineering - Pore Ean me oa lual soils are formed by {a) Glaciers (b) Wind (ce) Water (a) None of the above Sol.(d) If the soil stays at the place of its formation just above the parent rock, it is known as residual soil or sedentary soil. Residual Soil When the soil tas been deposited away from the place of its origin, itis called a transported sail 2. Water content of soil can (a) Never be greater than 100% (b) Take vaiues only from 0% to 100% (c} Be lass than 0% (d} Be greater than 100% Sol. (d) The Water Content (w) of seit is given as Ww w=—; Ws ‘The water content of some of the fine-grained soils may be even more than 100%, which indicates that more than 50% of the total mass is that of water. 3. Which of the foilowing types of soil is transported by gravitational forces? (2) Loess (b) Talus (c) Drift (d) Dune sand Sol.(b) Drift soil is formed by glaciers and icebergs. It contains mixture of boulders, gravels, sand, silt and clay Talus (Colluvial soil) have been deposited by the gravity. bez) Engineer's Pride ny iran 1 ssn Loess is windblown deposit of sitt. Dune sand is wind transported soil. 4, Afully saturated soil is said to be {a} One phase system (b} Two phase system with soil and air {c) Two phase system with soil and water {d} Three phase system Sol. (¢) When the soil is fully saturated, there is no air phase. So, the soil consists of only two phases with soil and water. 5. Valid range for $, the degree of saturation of soil in percentage is {a)S>0 (b) sso ()0 6 | 602 {a) 28.6 kN/m* {c) 22.0 kN/m? {b} 20.0 kN/m* (d) 232 N/m? nt Sol.(b) The dry density of soil r ry =P = 20kN Im? 140.1 8. If the voids of a soil mass are full of ait ‘only, the soil istermed as {a} Air entrained soil {b) Partially saturated soi (c) Bry soil (d) Dehydrated soil Sol.{c) The soil consist of three phase system of soil, water and air. The combination of water and air is known as voids of soil Voids of soil mass is given as: (FY th O, then F, =, (fully dry soil) 9. Valid range for n, the percentage void, is {ayO0 (b) fo 20, (co) Osip<1 (d) 0s ps4 Sol.(d) Density Index, fp ==" Sma ~ emi In the toosest state, © = emax So,D,=0 In the densest state, @ = @nin So, D-=1.0 15. Ifthe degree of saturation of a partially saturated soil is 60%, then air content of the soil is {a} 40%, (b) 60% (c) 80% (d) 100% Sola) The relation between the degree of saturation (s} and air content (a,) is given as:. ace 1-S 1 where, 5= 60%, Then, the value of air content, ac = (1-060) 100 ac= 40% 16. If the water content of a fully saturated soil mass is 100% , then the Voids ratio of the sample is (a) Less than specific gravity of soil (b) Equal to specific gravity of soil {c) Greater than specific gravity of soil {d] Independent of specific gravity of soit Sol .(b) We know that, WG = Se Where, w = water content of soil, G = specific gravity of soil S= degree of saturation of soil @ = void ratio of soil Engineer's Pride ay mmm ares “rata. Gopal Pod bn way BERAKDSIR | Clebcon/Otke Adar 205 Ganesh Wg CA cag aly Sabena Durga Rs fahasy a, nba Aas, EDGES, Hvesaoe Aa Given that, w= 100% ie. 10 $= 1 for fully saturated soil So, the void ratio = G (specific gravity of soil) 17. The ratio of volume of voids to the total volume of soil massis called (a} Air content (b) Porosity (c) Percemtage air voids {d) Void ratio Sol.(b} The Porosity (n) of soil is given as: Volume of voids (V, “Volume of soil V) 18, Relative density of a compacted dense sand is approximately equal to (joa (b) 0.6 (70.95 (a) 1.20 Sol. {c) The relative density of dense compacted sand fs approximately equal to 0.95 as, some air always inducec during lifting of compaction rod. So, practically the relative deasity can never be equal to #.0, 19. If the sand in-situ is in its densest state, then the relative density of sand is {a) Zero {b)1 (c) Between 0 ané 1 (e} Greater than 1 Sol.(b) ‘The relative density, n= "uss ——— If the sand in-situ condition is in its densest state then, $0, (I, )=1 20. Which of the following method is most accurate for the determination of the water content of soil ? (a) Qven drying method OD aterm Sam sne B | 602 {b) Sand hath method (c} Calcium carbide method {d} Pycnameter method Sol{a ) The oven-drying method is the simplest and most accurate method of determining water content of soi It consists of taking a soi sample of approximately 200 grams, determining its exact weight, and drying the samrple in an oven at a temperature of 105 to 210 centigrade for 24 hours, then weighing the sample snd determining the moisture loss by subtracting ‘the aven-dry weight from the moist weight. 21. For proper field control, which of the following method is best suited for quick determination of water content of a soil mass? {a} Oven drying method (b) Sand bath method (c) Aicohol method {d) Catcium carbide method Sol.{d) Calcium carbide method is one of the quickest methods to find water content of soil which gives the result within 5 to 7 minutes. This method is also known as Rapid moisture meter method. 22, Apycnometeris used to determine {a} Water content and voids ratio {b) Specific gravity amd dry density {c} Water content and specific gravity (a) Void ratio and dry density Sol.(c) A pycnometer is usec to determine water content and specific gravity. The pycnometer method is 2 rapid method of water content determination for soits whose specific gravity is accurately Known. The method is suitable for coarse-grained soits only as the entrapped air is fikely to cause a signifi- cant error in water content determination for fine-grained soils. Pycnometer is a density bottle of 900 mL capacity. A brass conical cap isused as a cover. The conical cap is always screwed to the pycnometer up to the mark onthe pycnometer, to give the designated volume of 900 mL. A rubber washer is placed inside the conical cap to prevent the leakage of water through the walls of the pyenometer and the conical cap. othe | Empty Container Container Container Container #DrySoil + Dry Soil+ »Water Water 23. Stoke's law is valid only if the size of particle is {a) Less than 0.0002 mm (b) Greater than 0.2 mm {c) Between than 0.2 mm and 0.0002 ram (¢} All of the above Soli{e} Stoke's law is valid only if the size of particle is between than 0.2 mm and 0.0002 mm, 24, In hydrometer analysis for a soil mass ee Tan SR) Cxwcenotenaairers€ 295, Gane Mag, Ct, Hane cpa 200 ets Som Ri cra al ra naverbetovungn map uae soon smug fon UDR 89 Rast, OD, 703622087, WEEP? Engineer's Pride a wim £5 tran es Page 9] 602 (a)Both_ meniscus correction and dispersing agent correction are additive (b)Both meniscus correction and dispersing agent correction are subtractive (c) Meniscus correction is additive and dispersing agent correction is subtractive (a) Meniscus correction is subtractive and dispersing agent correction is additive. Sol.{c) meniscus correction is always additive and dispersing agent correction is always subtractive. Re = Rit Cus Ce- Ca Where, Rc= the corrected hydrometer reading m= meniscus correction C.- correction due to temperature Ca = dispersing agent correction 25. The hydrometer method of sedimentation analysis differs from the pipette analysis mainly in {a) The principle of test (b) The method of taking observation (c} The method of preparation-of soil suspension (d) All of the above Sol.(b) The hydrometer method of sedimentation analysis differs from the pipette analysis muinly in the method of taking observation. 26. Which of the following is a measure of particle size range? (a) Effective size (b] Uniformity coefficient (c) Coefficient of curvature (d} None of the above Sol.{b) Uniformity coefficient {C.) eepresents particle size range of distribution curve. Coefficient of curvature (Cc) represents shape of particle size distribution curve. Engineer's Pride ey iran &¢5.nnntaiwen ecw 11 Cherm 27. Which of the following statement is correct? (a} Uniformity coeificient represents the shape of the particle size distribution curve, {o)For a well graded soil, both uniformity coefficient and coefficient of curvature are nearly unity. (c} A soit is said to be well graded ifithas most of the particles of about the same size (d} None of the above Sol.{d) Uniformity coefficient (C,) represents particle size range of distribution curve. For 2 well giaded sand C,>6 and C. lies between 1and 3, For_3 well graded gravel C, > 4 and ties between 1 and 3. Well graded soils have wide range of particle size where as poorly graded soil has most of the particle about same size Le. either excess ora deficiency of certain particie sizes, 28. Uniformity coefficient of a soil is {a} Always less than 1 (b) Always equal to 1 {c) Equat to or less than 1 {d} Equal to or geeater than 1 Dd, Sol.{d) Uniformity coefficient C, =f, c.= a 1 ~ soil is perfectly uniformly graded (Curve will be vertical), Cu> 4 —+ well graded gravei Cy> 6 — well graded sand rvs G25 Ges Wag Ca, ahah Nef He om AW cy ‘as, Sopa Pane Morente Garde at ay Seon Dy 2a any Star tus san sodas ke, sbLsdeaas oreo <7 10 | 602 site | Unfunty aes ot Well graded aT Highly plastic 30. If the natural water content of soil mass lies between its liquid limit and plastic limit, the soil mess is said to be in (a) Liquid state (b) Plastic state (c) Semi- solid state _(c) Solid state Sol.{b) Plastic state is defined as the state of soil, where it can be workable enough to be moulded. The corresponding moisture content for a fine grained soil at the piastic state is to be measured, The censistency of the soil sample remains uniform. This phase ‘occurs when it just starts to give resistance to flow. Liquid Limte—Water contene Plasticity Index For a soll mass is called {a) Liquidity index (b} Shrinkage ratio (c) Consistency index (6) Toughness index Sol.{c) Consistency Index {l) or relative consistency of soil is given as: 21, The rati Also, the liquidity index (I) is given as Wom Wh We And Toughness Index (h) 1, _ ptasticiey index iow index 1, 32. When the plastic limit of a soil is greater than the liquid limit, then the plasticity index is reported as (a) Negative {b) Zero {c)Non- plastic (NP} (d) 2 Sol.{b) Plasticity index b= Wi- We if, plastic limit water content (W,) > Liquid limit water cantent (Wi) Then, plastic state of soil is distinguished but I, 4 ~ve So, Ip = 0, and soil is classified as non plastic. 33. Toughness index is defined as the ratio of (a) Plasticity index to consistency index (b) Plasticity index to flow index {c) Liquidity index to flow index (4) Consistency index to liquidity index Sol.{b) Toughness index, (I) J, _ Plasticity mdex (d= Tow tex It indicates the loss of shear strength with increase in moisture content. ee Ts B CHANG | Cessoarv Mie AdtennG-22, Geerh Moi. CB Pahshag 28 Mae Hom Rh Tare See Pse hour beeen Gents naga Rasy on seus ore ay Sn, Bu Raa SESDOTA, 0300815, BOHN? Engineer's Pride oy wna ies Page 11] 602 It also indicates the shear strength of soil at plastic limit. 34. If the plasticity index of a soil mass is zero, the soil is (a) Sand (b) silt (c) Clay (d) Clayey sitt Sola) wl, the given options only sand is coarse grained soil which is also non-plastic soil. 0, then soil is non-plastic soi! and in 35. The admixture of coarser particles like sand or silt to clay causes (a) Decrease in liquid limit and increase in plasticity index {o) Decrease in liquid timit and no change in plasticity index {c} Decrease in both liquid limit and plasticity index (d}Increase in both liquid limit and plasticity index Sol.{c) When the admixture of coarser particles (sand or sift) mixed with clay content of soil then soil looses its plasticity and correspondingly liquid limit also decreases. Plasticity idenlifies by plasticity Index, not by plastic limit. So both liquid fimit and plasticity Index decrease. 36. Select the correct statement, (aj A uniform soil has more strength and stability than a non- uniform soil {5} uniform soil has fess strength and stability than a nen- uniform seil (¢) Uniformity coefficient does not affect strength and stability (¢] Uniformity coefficient of a poorly graced sail is more than that of a well graded soil. Sol{b) A uniform soil has jess strength and stability than 3 non- uniform soil Uniformity coefficient affects the strength and stability of sol and far poorly graded soil, it is less than that of well graded soit, 37. The following index properties were determined for four soils A, B, C and D. SoilProperty | AB CD Liquid Limit | 0.50 0.49 0.43 0.47 Plastic timit 0.23) 0.17 0.21 0.26 Which of these soils contains more clay particles? (a) Soil A (b) Soil B {c) Soil c {d)) Soil Sol.(b) Cay is plastic soil. So, the presence of Clay signifies the presence of more plasticity. And also Piasticity identifies by Plasticity index i.e. [lp=wi- Wp) Infor soil A = 0.50-0.23= 0.27 {pfor soit B = 0.49-0.17 = 0.32 Ipfor soit C= 0.43-0.21 lpfor séil D = 0.47-0.26 =0.21 So Soil B has more clay particles. 38. The water content of soil, which represents the boundary between plastic state and liquid state, is known. as: (a) Liguid limit (b) Plastic limit {c} Shrinkage limit (d) Plasticity index Solfa) The liquid jimit (LL) is conceptually defined as the water content at which the sehaviour of 2 clayey soll changes from the plastic state to the liquid state. However, the transition from plastic to liquid behaviour is gradual over a range of water contents, and the shear strength of the soil Is not actualiy zero at the liquid limit. 39. Which of the following soil has more plasticity index? (a) Sand (b) sit (6) Cay {d) Gravel Sol,(c) The fine-grained soil has more plasticity than coarse grained soil. So, clay soil has more plasticity index. Engineer's Pride sires 4 :es.tni twas 8¢asn0s | Castosnyorte NdrenC225, Gash M,C ina aheh agar GoD om Bh Soph "Tao, Gos Fu Mee acon cow kage Rll Sn 34 D.83 a aly an, Raney, sae ISS TOLSZOES BO aRO7 Ene e 12/602 41. At liquid limit, all soils possess {a) Same shear strength of small magnitude {b)Same shear strength of large magnitude (c) Different shear strengths of smal! magnitude {0} Different shear strengths of large magnitude Sol.a) At liauid limit, al soils possess same shear strength of small magnitude. If the material of the base of the Casagrande liquid limit device one which the cup containing soil paste drops is softer than the standard hard rubber, then (a)The ‘iquid limit 9° soil always increases (b) The liquid limit of soil always decreases {c} The liquid limit of soil may increase (d} The liquid limit of soil may decrease Sol.(a) if the hardness of rubber base will change which is made either Farder or softer than standard then fiquid limit will change because corresponding to 25 blows water content witl be different. ifthe rubber used is softer Engineer's Pride » than standard, then flow index eases and liquid limit increases. eStats 42. pomp s Brass Cur fH I Liquid Limit Apparatus According to IS classification, the range of silt size particles is {a} 4.75 mm to 2,00mm {b) 2.00 mm to 0.425 mm (c) 0.425 mm to 0.0755 mm {d) 0.075 mm to 0,002 mm Sol-(d) “Type of soil Size range Clay 0.002 mm Silt (9.075 mm 10 0.002 am ‘Sand 4,75 mm to 0.075 mam Gravel 80 mm wo 4.75 mee 43. Highway Research Board Classification of soil is based on (a) Particle size composition (HRB) {b) Plasticity characteristics (c) Both particle size composition and plasticity characteristics (d} None of the above Sol.{c)The HRB classification fs based on both the particle-size composition as well as plasticity characteristics, 4 Percent sand Tran | Cavooniiee Rese 225, Gre May € Mash gor O01 Tom Rs SE So opal ce ode eter Genh ag Rasy Stan an ua Pre cyto, ip Ra, S674, © 13} 602 44. Inorganic soil with low compressit are represent by {a) MH (b) st (ce) ML (d) CH Sol.{c) ML is the representation of inorganic soit with low compressibility. ML means inorganic silt’ with low to medium compressibitity. 45. Sand particle are made of {a} Rock minerals (b) Kactinite (eh lite (¢) Montmorillonite ity Sola) Sand particles consists of particles of rock and haré minerals, such as silicon dioxide. They are the largest type of soi! particles, where each particle is visible to naked eve. 46. The day mineral with the largest swelling and shrinkage characteristics is {a} Kaolinite (b) lite (c) Montmorillonite (d) None of the above Sol.(¢} Montmorillonite has largest specific surface among clay minerals. Therefore, It has the largest swelling and shrinkage characteristics among all clay minerats. 47. Dispersed type of soil structure is an arrangement comprising _ particles having (a) Face to face or parallel orientation (b} Edge to edge orientation {c) Edge to face orientation (d) All of the above Sol.(a) Dispersed type of soil structure > face to face or parallel orientation of the particles. Flocculated type of soil structure —redge to face orientation of the particles. Effec fa) The stress at particles contact stress is (b) A physical parameter that can be measured (c) Important because it isa function of engineering properties of soil {d) Ail of the above Sol.kc} Effective stress is defined as equal to the total stress (o}minus the natural stress er pore water pressure (uj. It is not equal to inter granular stress. It is not a measurable quantity. It is an importent parameter on which engineering properties of soil ie compressibility, consolidation, settle-ment, shear stress and bearing capacity depends. 49, Rise of.water tables above the ground surfate causes * {a}Equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress. (b)Equa! decrease in pore water pressure and total stress (ch Increase in pore water pressure but decrease in total stress (d) Decrease in pore water pressure but increase in total stress Sol.(a) We observed that as water table rises above ground level there is a equal amount of increase in total stress and pore water pressure But effective stress remains unchanged due to rise of water table above the ground ievel. 50. The total and effective stresses at a depth of 5 m below the top level of water in a ming pool are respectively (a) Zero and Zero (b} 0.5 kg/cm? and Zero (c) 0.5 kg/em? and 0.5ke/em? (d) 1.0 kg/cm? and 0.5 kg/cm? Sol.{b) By assuming, the ground surface of swimming pool below the level of 5m, the solution will be: Total stress at depth (2} = 5 im Engineer's Pride ty van 8125 Anton tniusy.-mcvano SiR Csoultin naan 125 Gwen far Cae Maen Nig 00 ter how io Boo ‘rat, Gans rire Weetween arbi Nazr May S20 08 Ouest pur RADson, eet, MHaDewTD, LOMCONELD Page 14] 602 o= rx 25 5x 100«igmicm =0.500ke/crn? Pore water or hydrostatic pressure Warxe 5 kg/em? u effective stress, 05-0.5=0 51, Ifthe water table rises up -to ground Surface, then the (a) Effective stress is reduced due to decrease in total stress only, but pore water pressure does not change {b) Effective stress is reduced due to increase in pore water pressure only, bout total stress does not change (c) Total stress is reduced due to increase in pore wate" pressure only, but effective stress does not change (d)Total stress is increased due to decrease in pore water pressure, but effective stress does ret change Sol:-{) Options are not corrected. Due to rise in water table up to ground levet, observed that total stress and pore water pressure both got increased, but effective stress is reduced. 52. The critical hydraulic gradient i, of a soil mass of specific gravity Gand ve ratio e is given by Ge i= Mee Min S [S26] Sol.(b) The critical hydraulic gradient & is given as: G- l+e 53, Quicksand i {a) Type of sand {b) Flow condition occurring in cohesive seils {c) Flow condition occurring» in cohesion-less soits {d} Flow condition occurring in beth cohesive and cohesiontess soils Soi{c) When upward flow is taking place at critical hydraulic gradient, a soil such as sand {cohesion less soil} loses all its shearing strength because of effective stress become zero. In this condition, upward seepage force is equal to buoyant weight of soil. This condition mainly develops in coarse grained soil because of larger size of voids between particles. 54. The hydraulic head that would produce ‘a quick condition in a sand stratum of thickness 1.5 m, specific gravity 2.67 and voids ratio 0.67 is equal to. (a}3.0m (b) 1.5m {c}2.0m (a) 3mm Sol.{b) The critical hydraulic gradient G-\ l+e ie 1+0.67, Hydraulic head = i, x thickness of sand stratum =1%15=15m 55. Physical properties of a permeable soil, which influence permeability is, {a} Viscosity only (b) Unit weight only {c) Both viscosity and unit weight (d) None of the above Sol.{c} Following are factors effecting permeabitity of soils. Size of soil particle Specific Surface Area of Soil Particle Shape of soit particle Void ratio Soil structure Degree of saturation Nava ene Water properties —— Engineer's Pride oy ana its/odactmieay- BOAND SA | CaacomOtie Aare, Gna Mag, Ch, Mahesh Tinto oop Ped age betvconoshinz Rly en sd Brea S21 Pl Rta, EADY, MHARDOA, AOPRROTA Pose 15 | 602 8. Temperature 9. Adsorbed water 20.Organic Matter 56. Select the correct statement, (2) The greater the viscosity, the greater is permeability. (b) The greater the unit weight, the greater is permeability. {c) The greater the unit weight, the smaller is permeability (d) Unit weight does not effect permeability. Sol .{b) Coefficient of permeability (k} r, ka Hu IF 7,, increase then k also be increases, 57. _ Effective stress on soil {a) Increase voids ratio and decrease permeability (b)increases both voids ratio and permeability {c) Decrease both voids ratio and permeability (d) Decrease voids ratio and increases permeahility Sol. (c} As effective stress increases, void ratio decreases and consequently permeability decreases. 58. If the permeability of a soil is 0.8mm/sec,, the type of soil is {a) Gravel {b} Sand {c) silt (d) Clay Sol.{b) Engineer's Pride ty tan 16 odin tens ‘aha os Proce ete Gane Nag RS Soil | Cocfficient of | Dra‘nage — type | permeability | characteristics | emisee Gravel = Pervious Sand | 1-10? Pervious Silk 109-108 Slightly pervious Clay | S108 Impervious 58. Which of the following methods is more suitable for the determination of permeability of clayey soil ? {a} Constant head method (b) Falling head method (©) Horizontal permeability test (d) Nofie of the above Sol.(b) "2 K > 10°-determined by constant head _amethod (i.e. gravel, sand soils) 10"« k < 10%—>determined by falling head (ie silt, clay soil) The falling head permeability test involves flow of water through a relatively short soil sample connected to a standpipe which provides the water head and also allows measuring the volume of water passing through the sample. The diameter of the standpipe depends on the permeabilily uf the tested soil. The test can be carried out in a Falling Head permeability cell or in an oedometer cell. Before starting the flow measurements, the soil sample is saturated and the standpipes are filled with de-aired water to a given level. The test then starts by allowing water to flow through the sample until the water in the standpipe reaches a given lower limit. The time required for the water in the standpipe to drop from the upper to the lower level is recorded, CAAND SIN | histone Adee C-25, Ganesh Mar Bork, Mates ga [004th Seah and Bugs Pra ay Satan spr Raper, DDT SAE, PLaSBOHSS BOTREM? Pe 16 | 602 Water standpips, aArgaa mt Lb atm —> Outflow Cylinder Falling Head Permeability test 60. Which of the following methods are best suited for determination of permeability of coarse-gained soil? (a) Constant head methed (b) Falling head method {c) Both the above (d) None of the above Sol.{a) The constant head permeability test is @ laboratory experiment conducted to determine the permeability of soil. The soils that are suitable for this tests are sand and gravels, Soils with sift content cannot be tested with this method. The test can be employed to test granular soils either reconstituted or disturbed, 61. Due to a rise in temperature, the viscosity and the unit weight of the percolating fluid are reduced to 60% and 90% respectively. If other things remain constant, the coefficient of permeability {a} Increases by 25% {b) Increases by 50% (c) Increases by 33.3% {d) Decreases by 33.3% Sol.(b) Coefficient of permeability (K) Other factor remains constant except unit weight (y4y} and viscosity coefficient (7). K ex # (7), =0:90(7,}, (42), =0.60( 24) 0.90r, =. fr, | LVS ex} 0.604, % / Hence, increase in coefficient of permeability {ko} seinerease = 24.100 15-1 =| ——— |100 = 50% 1.0 62. Coefficient of permeability of soil {a) Does not depend upon temperature (b)Increases with the temperature {c) Increases with the decrease in temperature (d) None of the above Sol.(b) Coefficient of permeability (k) increase in r, kaex H ‘When temperature rises then viscosity of fluid decreases and coefficient of permeability (K) increases. 63, The average coefficient of permeability of natural deposits (a) Parallel to stratification is always greater than that perpendicular to stratification {b) Parallel to stratification is always less than that perpendicular to stratification eee Engineer's Pride s, sronaies.i sranips BCVANDSIR} Convo asarsto235, Cones) Mone C80 Mahesh yc ete tom Rr uo gatas ge becom ang Ray Sen Daya may OM), ROPMID,eDAT , SI REE Pose 17| 602 {c) ts always same in both directions {4} Paralle! to stratification may or may not be greater than that perpendicular to stratification Sol. (a) Permeability parallel to bedding plane is more than that of permeability which is perpendicular to the bedding plane. Equivalent coefficient of permeability - Case — 1 Horizontal flow (parallel to bedding plane) (Arithmetic mean) (i), kicis always greater than k. 64. The total discharge from two wells situated to each other is {a}Sum of the discharges from individuat wells (b) Less than the sum of the discharges from individual wells (c}Greater than the sum of the discharge from individual wells, (d} Equal to larger of the two discharges from individual wells Sol:-(b) When two welts, situated near to each other, are discharging, their drawdown curves intersect within their radius of zero drawdown. Thus, though then total discharge is increased, the discharge in individual welt is decreased due to interference. Also the total discharge is the less than the sum of the discharges from individual wells without interference. 65, The flow net for an earthen dam with 30m water depth consists of 25 potential drops and 5 flow channels. The coefficient of permeability of dam material is 0.03 mm/sec. The discharge per metre length of dam Is (a) 0.00018 m’/ sec (b) 0.0045 m*/ sec (c) 0.18 mY sec. (4) 0.1125 m/sec Sol.(a) The discharge per meter length of dam O=K.H. Given, H = 30 m, Nr=5, Ny= 25 K =0.03 mm/sec = 0.03107 m/sec O1= 0.0310 x30 25 Q= 18x 10% m/secim Q= 0.00018 m'/sec/m 66. Tota! most suitable method for drainage of fine grained cohesive soils is {a) Well point system {b} Vacuum method {c Deep well system {d) Electro- osmosis method Sol{d} Electro-osmosis is a method of drainage of cohesive soils in which a direct current (.C.) is used. Weil point system ~ cohesion-less soi! (sand, gravel), Vacuum well points~ silty sands and other fine sands. Deep well system — like well point system method. 67. Total number of stress components at 2 point within a soil mass loaded at its boundary is (2)3 (by 6 to id} 16 Engineer's Pride s-17002) £5 ain anes -1 CRD | Chowcnletce thon 225 Gane ny loc) Nahe Hag asa Me fm sae ‘st, Sopal Pure Maxetbecen Gand agar anny station 388g uaa Sa) au Rabson Nh Foe eae © 18 | 602 Sol.{e} Total number of stress components at 3 point within 2 soll mass loaded at its boundary is 9 68. Boussinesq’s influence factor for vertical pressure at depth z and at the centre of a circular area of diameter ‘a’ carrying uniformly distributed load is 2 Sold) Soussinesq's vertical stress at depth z and at centre of circular area ude (g}, a= dia. of circular area. o.=1,%4 si o,=4|i-' 1 : 8) = W{R=a/2] 69. The intensity of vertical pressure directly below a concentrated load of 3/2n tonnes at a depth of 3/2n metres is given by (0) 2 tim? (bk e/m? (OS t/m? (8) B/20)? tf Sol.(a) The intensity of vertical pressure as per Boussinesq’s 5 Jz 2@ o,=1xga IE 70, Vertical stress on a vertical line at a constant radial distance from the axis of a vertical load {a) Is same at alt depths (b) increases with depth (c) First increases, attains 2 maximum value and then decreases {d) First decreases, attains a minimum value and then increases Sol,{c) Vertical stress on a vertical line at a constant radial distance from the axis of 2 vertical load, first increases, attains a maximum value and then decreases. —— Engineer's Pride eaivava easwsininins-BeMaNDSR cnoenotee cis C225, Ge a Cin Tots rade ween onnitarRoerr Soon ard ng ate Seton Spe Reps, EO7 EA, OATES? ge 19 | 602 Fertical Stress ta Soil Disiriiudion ose servrad pane Y © The vertical stress ape distribution on a vertical plane at a distance of from the point loud ; 71. Phreatic line in an earthen dam is (a) Straight line (b) Parabolic (¢} Circular {d) Elliptica! Sol.(b) The line below which soil is saturated and the pressure everywhere on the line is atmospheric pressure, is called phreatic line For an earthen dam, phreatic line is in parabolic shape. 72. The hydrostatic pressure on the phreatic line within a damn section is {a} Less than atmospheric pressure {b} Equa! to atmospheric pressure {c) Greater than atmospheric pressure {d} Nore of the ahove Sol.(b} The hydrostatic pressure on the pireatic line within a earthen dam is equal to atmospheric pressure. 73. Rate of consolidation (a) Increase with temperature decrease in (b}Increases with increase in temperature {c} Is independent of temperature {di} Is unaffected by permeability of soil Sol. (b) Magnitude of settlement due to one- degree consolidation depends on: Compressibility of soil Magnitude of stress increases Thickness of soi! layer Permeability of soil Engineer's Pride 9; cranes raha Ges #9 leery Se Coefficient of consolidation is a soil parameter governing the time-rate of consolidation (C.). ky My Gy if temperature increases then coefficient of permeability k, increases and consequently coefficient of consolidation (C,) increases, thus rate of consolidation also increases. 74. The unit of the coefficient of consolidation is (a) cm?/gm (J) gm/ cm/sec Sol. (bb) We know that (b) cm/sec (d} gm-cm/see o. kp = m/sec wttSC __(m? /see)in Su. unit mr xnlnt m= mt iN vIn? 6, som’ {sve 75. Teraghi’s basic differential equation for one dimensional consolidation of clayey soils is Sol. (d) The differential equation proposed by terzaghi for one dimensional consolidation is — au eu a ae CraHD IF | cascary tae Aeereet 225, Ga08E Mag, Cc, eh Mag 200 Wel em Ween Sah ey ton anu eR SE, pa Paleo OT, HOA? fen» 20} 602 76. The stope of ise-chrones at any point at a given time indicates the rate of change of (a) Effective stress with time (b) Effective stress with depth {c) Pore water pressure with depth (d) Pore water pressure with time Sol.{c} The curves indicating the distribution of excess hydrostatic pressure ere known as isochrones. it indicates the distribution of excess hydrostatic pressure at time t. Slope of isochrone at any depth gives the hydraulic gradient or it indicates the rate of change of pore water pressure with depth. dh de Slope of isochrones oe {r, es Ge" \de 77. With in the consolidation process of a saturated clay {a)A gradual increase in neutral pressure and a gradual decrease in effective pressure tekes place and sum of the two is constant {b)A gradual decreases in neutral pressure and a gradual increases in effective pressure takes place and sum of the two is corstant (c) Both neutral pressure and effective pressure decrease (d) Both neutral pressure and effective pressure increase Sol.{b) Within the consolidation process of 3 saturated clay ~ It is observed that, a gradual decrease in neutral pressure (pore water pressure) and a gradual increase in effective pressure takes place but in this process total pressure (or stress) will be corstant. 78, The value of compression index for a remoulded sample whose liquid limit is 50% is (a)0.028 (b) 0.28 {c) 0.36 {d) 0.036 Sol.(b) Compression index €, = 0.009 (ww: - 10)—+ undisturbed soit C. = 0.007 (Wir 7) +remoulded soil Given For remouided soit, Wy = 50% Ce= 0.007 (50-7) =0.301 Nearest correct option is ‘b’ 79, Which one the following clays behave like a dense sand ? {a} Over- consolidated clay with a high over- consolidation ratio (b) Over-consolidated clay with a low over-consolidated ratio {c} Normally consolidated clay (d} Under- consolidated clay Tesi Sol.{a) over- consolidated clay with a high over- consolidation ratiobehave like a dense sand. 80. Coefficient of consolidated of a soil is aifected by (a) Compressibitity {b} Permeability (c) Both compressibility and permea- bility (4) None of the above Sol.{c} Coefficient of consolidation (c.) K.(14+e) he It depends on compressibility (my , a) and permeability. 81, Degree of consolidation is. (a) Directly proportional to time and inversely proportional to drainage path {b] Directly proportional to time and. inversely proportional to square of drainage path SSeS Engineer's Pride wy inan 81 £ tran tumwess- 8 (ANOS | CaicaonjOie Abins-C225,caoes Mang Cla Mites gn CO Hees He le ro en Ps Mode ‘anes nagar oy Scho Dig Pata iney V9 pr Sos, AEDS, 740833, TALES Sone 221602 {ch Directly proportional to drainage path and inversely proportional to time (d} Directly proportional to square of drainage path and inversely Proportional to time Sol.{b} Degree of consolidation (w) -{ For U < 60% Time factor Ty = @/4xU? U> 60% v= 1.781 ~ 0.933 logz (100 ~ U) Ct but time factor Ty = a Time factor depends on degree of consolidation, thus we can say degree of consolidation (V) is directly proportional ta time and inversely proportional to square of drainage path 82. Time factor for a clay layer is {a) A dimensional parameter (b} Directly proportional to permeability of soil (c} Inversely proportional to drainage path {d)independent of thickness of clay layer C.xe iH = Itis non-dimensional parameter Sol.{b) Time factor 7, + It is directly proportional to time and inversely proportional to square of drainage path. - It is directly proportional to coefficient of consolidation. ._«K. ~But C, == mr Thus T, is also directly proportional to permeability of the soil 83, If the time required for 50% consolidation of a remoulded sample of clay with single drainage is t, then the time required to consolidate the same sample of clay with same degree of consolidation but with double drainage is fa) v4 {b) t/2 {oat (a) at Sol.(a) We know that, Time factor T, For U=50% , Tyis a constant value. For the same soil sample C, is also constant. ‘Thus, time required t a H? t= cht For single drainage path Hi = H For double drainage path He = (H/2} Oe ya ty (Hy {#/2) ¢ a 84, Clay layer A with single drainage and coefficient of consolidation ¢, takes 6 months to achieve 50% consolidation. The time taken by clay layer 8 of the ‘kness with double drainage and coefficient of consolidation ¢, /2 to achieve the same degree of consolidation is {a} 3 months (b) 6 months (c) 12 months {d) 24 months Sol. (a) Engineer's Pride e1nsn $i t5 indan sates: scran Sik | ClncomsOtsc ess 225 neha, © Bor, aaah Non ei am nay oa ‘i, Gps Pa mule Naga Rainey Sater ance Fr Ramey Sate) pr Rash, 9608010, TOYSHESS, AITLINSL? > 22 | 602 Gay Gavlwer-B | fayer—A | | ‘drainage path | couble crainage Coefficient of HR consolidation Degree of consolidation wT fet) We know that, T, =| > H Ty isa constant value for U = 56% (ie)-a) 6X6 _ 6 /2xt, He (Hi2y t, =3 months 85. Coefficient of consolidation for clays normally {a) Decreases with increases in liquid limit (b) Increases with increases in Hquid timit (c) First increases and then decreases, with increases in liquid limit (d) Remains constant at al liquid limits Sol.(a) Value of coefficient cf consolidation (C.) decreases as licuid limit of soll increases ie. 1 C.& ™% if liquid limit increases then plasticity index also increases. Thus, 1 6, & Pi. 86. Direct measurement of permeability of the specimen at any stage of loading can be made Engineer's Pride a wrens irssintan tivays-2 cnn 50 | casvosmotie sess 7%, Ge (a) Oniy in fixed ring typ2 consolido- meter {b) Only in floating ring type consolido- meter {c} Both (a) and (b) {d} None of the above Sola) The different Consofidometers are discussed below: Fixed Ring consolidometers ~ Load the specimen from the top with the base of the sample ring fixed in place. It eam also be used as 8 rariable- head permeability test apparatus. Floating Ring consolidometer - Models transfer force to the specimen through both the top and bottom, and top and bottom porous stones are free to move. 87. Compressibility of sandy soil is {a) Almost equal to that of clayey soils (b) Much greater than that of clayey soils (c) Much less than that of clayey soils (d) None of the above Sol.{c) Compressibility of the soil depends on voids in the soil mass, for fine grain soil, void (amount) is more than coarse grain soit. Thus compressibility of sandy soil is much less than that of clayey soils 88. Select the correct statement: (a) Coefficient of compressibility of an over- consolidated clay is less than that of a normally consolidated cay {b) Coefficient of compressibility of an cover- consolidated ciay is greater than that of a normally consolidated clay (c) Coefficient of compressibility is constant for any clay (d) None of the above Sol.{a) Coefficient of compressibility {a,) is the slope of compression curve. _ Ag a= Ao ‘rs, par (50 Meter a ‘a op vane ane opt hagr eee Salon an uP aw Se, ap, tan S28. EUARICRYS STEED sage 234602 For OC soil a, is less than that of a normally consolidated clay. 89, Coefficient of compre: lity is (2) Constant for any type of soil (b} Different for different types of soils and also different for a soil under different states of consolidation (c) Different for different types of soils but same for a soil under different stat2s of consolidation (d) Independent of type of soil but depends on the stress history of soit Sol.{b) As the value of coefficient of compressibility(ay} is different at various effective stresses. It decreases with an increase in the effective stress, The soil becomes stiffer (less compressible) as the effective stress in increased Thus itis different value for different types of soils and also different for a soil under different states of consolidation. 90. The ultimate consolidation settiement of a structure resting on a soil (a) Decreases with the increases initial voids ratio (b} Decreases with the decreases in the plastic limit {Gj Increases with the increases in the initial voids ratio {d) Increases with the decreases in the porosity of the soil Sol.{a) Ultimate consolidation settlement (an) AH _ Ae HO lte It decreases with the increase in the initial voids ratio. 91, The ultimate consolidation settlement of a soil is {a} Directly proportional to the void ratio {b) Directly proportional to the compression index (cj Inversely proportional ta the compression index (d) None of the above Sol.(b) Compression index C. Ultimate consolidation settlement (AH )is directly proportional to the compression index. 92, Anormally consolidated clay settled 10 mm”: when effective stress was inefeased from 100 kN/m?. If the + effective stress is further increased from 200 N/m’ to 400 kN/m?,then the settlement of the same clay is (a)10 mm tb) 20 mm (940mm (3) none of the above Sol.(a) Tirst loading stage — 100-200 kN/1ti? om AH, =10mm =| SOS py ee) Tre 100 + Second loading stage > 200 to 400 kN/m? HxC 400 ait, AE (2) HxC, l+e, AH, =10mm thus, soil further settles by 19 mm and total settlement will be 20 mm. 10g, (2) Engineer's Pride wrists naan fans 2 CHAND 8 | Cocieamfen astrse 235, Genel tg Cote Mahwa Nagar ob een Rao oe “otha Fue te ecteen Gaaiage Rn Satin sn Duta Bus alt Sa iar Rott, ECS ODEIOBN, AACS Pras 24 $602 So at loading stage, settlement will be 10 mm. 93. Coarse grained soils are best compacted by a (a) Drum roller {b) Rubber tyred roller (c) Sheep's foot roller (4) Vibratory roller Sold) Type of equipment ‘Suitability for soil wpe Rammers or tarapers | Smooth wheeled rollers All souls “Crushed rocks, gravels, sands Preumatic iyred rollers Sand, gravels sits, clayey soit, not suitable for uniformly grade soil Sheep foot rollers Clayey soil Vibratory rollers ‘Sands 94. With the increases in the amount of compaction energy {a) Optimum water content increases but maximum dry density decreases {b] Optimum water content decreases ut maximum dry density increases {c) Both optimum water content and. maximum dry density increase {d} 80th optimum water content and maximum dry density decrease es 93) Sol.{b) Fal increased compactive effort relation ah max Ya ar seturaled ‘so Woot Ww For a given type of compaction, the higher the comp-active effort, the higher the maximum dry unit weight and lower is the optimum moisture content 95, The maximum dry density up to which any soil can be compacted depends upon (a} Moisture content only {b} Amount of compaction energy only (c) Both moisture content and amount or compaction energy {d) None of the above Sol{c) The maximum dry density yamqx¥Pto which any soil can be compacted depends upon moisture content and amount of compaction energy. 96. Relationship between dry density ya percentage air voids , water content w and specific gravity G of any soit is : = CNY lalya = Wye (by yg = 20ere = =n) ()¥a = 0c (arr)O%e (va = SSF Sol.(c) Dry density of soil is given by formula: 7) SEN. ae lewG 97. For better strength and stability, the fine grained soit and coarse grained soils are compacted respectively as (2) Dry of OMC and wet of OMC (b} Wet of OMC and dry of OMC (c} Wet of OMC and wet of OMC {d) Dry of OMC and dry of OMC Sol.{b) Compressibility of the coarse grain is the maximum at dry of optimum side and for fire grain at higher stress value, itis the jower at wet of optimum side, Thus for better strength and stability. The fine grained soils and coarse grained soils are compacted respectively as wet of OMC and dry of OMC. Engineer's Pride rank Eze tinny a r-nNO 8 | Capea erese725, Gah Me, €or Wah Nas Suokesopl ors oe toes naman ay aon mdi Pans Sa), OM pb, SORT, MOBS A788 Page 25} 602 98. Select the incorrect statement. {a) Effective cohesion of a soil can never have a negative value (b) Effective angel of internal friction for coarse grained soils is rarely below 30° {c) Effective angel of internal friction for a soil increases as state of compactness increases. (d) Effective angel of internal friction is a complicated function of mineralogy and clay size content. Sol.(*) All options are correct. 99. For a loose sand sample and a dense sand sample consolidation to the same effective stress (a) Ultimate strength is same and also peak strength is same {b) Ultimate strength is different but peak strength is same {c) Ultimate strength is same but peak strength of dense sand is greater than that of loose sand (d) Ultimate strength is same but peak strength of loose sand is greater than that of dense sand Sol.(c) Ultimate strength is same but peak strength of dense sand is greater than that of loose sand. 100. The shear strength of a soil (a) Is directly proportional to the angel of internal friction ot the soil (b) Is inversely proportional to the angle of internal friction of the soil (c] Decreases with increase in normal stress (d) Decreases with decrease in normat stress Sol(@) The shear strength of a soil r=c+o'tang lt decreases with decrease in normal stress 101. In a consolidated drained test on a normally consolidated clay, the volume of the soil sample during shear Engineer's Pride sy-tian 1 ¢5,nson tiny {2} Decreases (0) increases {c) Remains unchanged (d) First increases and thea decreases Sola) In a consolidated drained (CD) test drainage is allowed in both stages. During the test the volume of the NC- soil sample is decreased. 102. Skempton's pore pressure coefficient B for saturated soil is (at (b) Zero (c) Between Oand 1 (d) Greater thand Ics 98 Sol. (a) Skempton’s pore pressure coefficient is defined by AandB. These coefficiénts are used to express the response of pore water pressure to changes in total stress under undrained condition 8’ varies with the stress range. For a compietely saturated soil, 8 = 1 For a completely dry soit, B= 0 ‘B’ can be determined in UV test in 1" stage & AB can be measured in 2 stage. A depends on strain, anisotropy, sample disturhance and OCR. For a very loose saturated line sand A>2t038 For heavily over consolidated clays A405 100 For NC clays A= 0.5 -1 103. Shear strength of a soil is a unique function of {a) Effective stress only (b) Totai stress only (cj 80th effective stress and total stress (d} None of the above Sol.(a) As per Mohr's hypothesis —> Shear stress on failure plane at failure reaches a velue which is a unique Function of nocmal stress on that plane. 000 9 | Cassatt Airs C225 caseen May Gack Wah Nign O00 Ma Hen FaBH Seah fo» 26 | 602 Zy-7(en) Generally, effective stress is governed the shear fallure of soils. Thus shear strength is a unique function of effective stress. 104. In a deposit of normally consolidated clay (a) Effective stress increases with depth but water content o' soil and un- drained strength decreases with depth (b} Effective stress and water content increases with depth but undrained strength decreases with depth (0) Effective stress and undrained strength increases with depth but water content decreases with depth (d) Effective stress, water content and undrained strength decreases with depth Sol{c} In a deposit of normally consolidated clay effective stress and undrained strength both increase with depth or total stress increases but water content decreases with depth due expulsion of water from pores of the soil mass. 105. Select the incorrect statement. Effective angel of shearing resistance {a} Increases as the sie of particles increases (b}Increases as the soil gradation proves (c) Is limited to a maximum value of 45° (d)ls rarely more than 30° for fine grained soil Sol.(c) Effective angle of shearing resistance (9) Increases as the size of particle Increases as the soil gradation improves. Itis rarely more than 30” for fine grained soil Increases with denseness of the soil mass or confining pressure. creases, Itcan be greater than 45° ie, rock. 106. Unconfined compressive strength test is (a) Undrained test (b) Drained test {c) Consolidated undrained test (e) Consolidated drained test Sol.{a] Unconfined compressive strength test is a undrained test. No confining pressure (i.e. cell pressure) is applied. It is used to test for cohesive soil. 107. A cylindrical specimen of saturated soil failed uncer an axial vertical stress of 200 kN/m? when it was laterally unconfined, The failure plane was inclines to the horizontal plane at an angel of 45°. The values of cohesion and angel of internal friction for the -soil are respectively {a) 0.5 N/mm? and 30° {b} 0.05 N/mm? and 0? {c) 0.2 N/mm? and 0° (d) 0.05 N/mrn2and 45° Sol. (b) .05Mpa C, = 0.084 / ma® 9, = 0° 108. in anunconfined compression test ona clay specimen of initial volume V and length t, the area of cross-section at failure is taken as Oa ee ot Om Where AL is the change in length and AV is change in volume Ay Sol.(a) Area at failure (A) = {a} Area at failure (Ay) TA $s $$$ Engineer's Pride oy viene Csitdon ior. # OUND S| Casrmemfotice tbe 25 Ganesh Mag Cost, mesh agar 08 Meter om RA iat oto ge Pe tee een at ga any een ea Pra aby Sa) Rasen, RUT, 7NERSN, TBCOTNT Page 27 [602 Axiat strain E>: AxL Vv A= = L-AL L—AL 109. The angle that coulomb’s failure envelope makes with the horizontal is called (a) Cohesion (b) Angle of internal frietion (c) Anget of repose (d) None of the above Sol.(b} Angle of internal friction is the angle that coutomb’s failure envelope makes with the horizontst, 110. In a triaxial compression test on a soil specimen, the intermediate principal stress is equal to (a) Major principal stress {b) Minor principal stress {c) Difference between major and minor principal stresses (d} None of the above Sol.(b) tn a triaxial compression test on a soil specimen snajor principal stress {axial stress) Oy = Oy HAG Ag, = devietor stress Intermediate principal stress 0, = 0, Oy =minor principal stress 111. Ifa cohesive soil specimen is subjected to a vertical compressive load, the inclination of the cracks to the horizontal is (a) 90° (b) 45° {c) 22.97 id) 0° Sol.(b) For a cohesive soil specimen (UCS ~ test} The inclination of the cracks to the horizontal is 45° under subjected to vertical compressive load. 112. Select the incorrect statement. (a) Ina direct shear box test, the plane of shear failure is predetermined. (b) Better control is achieved on the drainage of the soil in a triaxial compression test. (c} Stress distribution on the failure plane in the case of Wiaxial compression test is uniform. (d) Unconfined compression test can be carried out on all types of soil Sol.(d) Unconfined compression test only carried out on the cohesive soils because of in case of cohesionless soil without confining pressure specimen can be with stand under vertical compressive loading. 113., If the shearing stress is zero on two planes, then the angel between the two planes is (a) 45° (b) 90° (c) 135° (a) 225° Sol.(b) At the major and minor principal plane the shearing stress is zero, thus angle b/w these two plane will be 90° 144. In the triaxial compression test, the application of additional axial stress (ie. deviator stress} on the soil specimen produces shear stress on (a) Horizontal plane only (b) Vertical plane only {c) Both horizontal and vertical ptanes (d)All planes except horizontal and vertical planes Sol.{¢) Shearing stress ¢, =e +, tang ©, = major principal stress at failure. In the triaxial compression test, the deviator stress on the soil specimen produces shear stress on all planes except major principal plane (horizontat plane} and minor principal plume (ie. vertical plane} Engineer's Pride oy wrsnt \¢5 risa ais. 5 CHANDA | EenvonmOfice Adore C295 Goeth Har, ih Rahat agar OR Mer Tn hn sea "Wat Sopa Pura Made basen Gans gy Rao tae ad Esa ay at kau Rasch SeRDuIeS TaMseONS ATE 28 | 602 118. The state of stress on a plan ined at an angel of 45° to the horizontal plane is represented on the Mohr's circle by a point at which oto (a) Normal stress is +-* and shear stress is 7 (b)Normal stress is “>and shear ig tite stress is 2% atoy fc} Normal stress is and shear stressis zero {d} Both normal stress and shear stress. are equat Where @, and o3 are major and minor principal stresses respectively Sol.{a) At failure plane — Normal stress will be centre of the Mohi’s circle +9; 2 Shear strength will be radius of the Mohr’s circle ao Trax 2 116. In a triaxial compression test when drainage is allowed during the first stage (i.e. application of cell pressure) only and not during the second stage (ie. application of deviator stress at constant cell pressure), the test is known as {a} Consolidated drained test (b) Consolidated undrained test (c) Unconsolidated drained test (d} Unconsolidated undrained test Sol.{b) Consolidated Undrained Test : The standard consolidated undrained test is compression test, in which the soil scecimen is first consolidated under all round pressure in the triaxia! cell before failure is brought about by increasing the major principal stress. It may be perferm with or without measurement of pore pressure although for most applications the measurement of pore pressure is desirable. 117, When a soil sample is subjected to a uniformly distributed fluid pressure only, in a triaxial compression test, the Mohr’s representation of the state of stress on sample is in tb) o Le é het 4 T 0 es Po Sol:- (a} Under uniformly distributed fluid pressure only. ip = yy = On, =P Radius of the Mohr’s circle will be equal to zero. 118. When a sample of sand is sheared under undrained condition, then {a} Volume of dense sand increases and that of loose sand decreases (b) Volume of dense sand decreases and that of loose sand increases {c) Volume of both dense sand and loose sand decreases {d) Volume des not change Sol:-(d) When the sand is sheared under undrained condition (volume does not change) condition occurs. Sample volume is not changed. ‘Area at failure (Ay) —— Engineer's Pride 6: na LES Minbon te BEIANDSR | ChstnmlOtie Aare, Goes Meg Cale, ats aga 209 eter om ih ‘ute cosa ore kage eevcencone stg fey Steno Eager ana ttn oar, Rape, OTE, 7LCRICEN, HHT) Sane 29] 602 Axial strain Eo=—= L But in undrained test condition, AL = 0 So, Eo=0 Now, A= Ap Therefore, The volume of the sample remains unchanged. 419. The ratio of the undisturbed shear strength to the remoulded shear strength in cohesive soils under undrained conditions is (a) Zero {b) 1 {c) Greater than 1 (d} Between 0 and 1 Sol. (c) The undisturbed shear strength of the cohesive soil always greater than remoulded shear strength of the cohesive soil under undrained condition and the ratio of these quantities is known as Sensitivity of soll. Sensitivity of (S:) soil, 5._ dultndisturbed) *"q, (remoulded ) So, for cohesive soil samples, the sensitivity of soil sample will always be greater than 1. 5S, =} gravel and coarse sand, insensitive 5, 216 > Unstable or quick clay 120. During the first stage of triaxial test when the cell pressure is increased from 0.10 N/mm? to 0.26 N/mm”, the pore water pressure increases from 0.07 N/mm? to 0.15 N/mm’, Skempton’s pore pressure parameter B is {a)05 (b)-08 {) 2.0 (a) -2.0 Sol.fa) First stage —>cell pressure changes AG,, = 0.26-0.10 = G.L6N fmm* Change in Pore water pressure Au = 0.15 -0.07 =0.08N/ mn? Engineer's Pride 1y-1ien 4 125 /n00 rat Gna re ce etuen Sane Nags nay As per skempton’s pore pressure Au = BAo,, + AB( Ao, —Ao,) Au = At + Ay Au, =change in pore water pressure due to an increase in cell pressure. Ao,B= Au, Au 0.08 a5 Ac, 016 121. Sensitivity of a soil can be defined as {a) Percentage of volume change of soil under saturated condition (b)Ratio of compressive strength of unconfined undisturbed soil to that of'soil in a remoulded state {c) Ratio of volume of voids to volume of soils {d) None of the above “Sol.(b) bed Sensitivity ofthe soll sof! = 2a undisturbed) a) g, (remoulded) 122. Rankine’s theory of earth pressure assumes that the back of the wall is fa) Plane and smooth {b) Plane and rough (c} Vertical and smooth (d) Vertical and rough Sol. (¢} Assumption of Rankine’s theory of earth pressure 1. Soil is semi-infinite, homogenous, isotropic, dry and cohesionless. 2. Soil is in a state of plestic condition at the time of active and passive pressure generation, 3. The book fill s 4, The book of wall is vertical and smooth. 5, Rupture surface is a planar surface which is obtained by considering the plastic equilibrium of soit. 's horizontal, (se 8 CHAND 5 | CusstonMotemates225,caneth Kn, Deak, Mabeah gs |20 ele A SN Dug Pur a may Son nu Pho, e007 14, laithah RoR Page 30| 602 123. The coefficient of active earth pressure for a loose sand having an angel of internal friction of 30° is fa) 1/3 (b)3 (oa (a) 1/2 Sol.(a) Coefficient of active earth pressure(K,) _l-sing 1-sin30? _ 1-1/2 “Lesing I+sin30° 1141/2 124, The major principal stress in an element of cohesiontess soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is {a) Vertical if the soil is inan active state of plastic equilibrium (b) Vertical if the soil is ina passive state of plastic equiibrium {c) Inclined at 45¢ to the vertical plane {d) None of the above Sola) A soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium under major princioal stress in an element 0, =6, ka—2evka For cohesiontess soil c= 0 o,=o,ka kakl-o,>0; Thus, major principal stress will be oji.c. vertical normal stress. 125. Passive earth pressure in a soil mass is proportional to (a) tan? ( 45+ 0/2) b WS (c) tan? ( 45- /2) (d) cot? ( 45+ 0/2} ‘Where jt is poisson’s ratio and Dis the effective angel of internal friction of soil. Sol.{a) Passive earth pressure (P:} Pa = 9s, tan’ (7/44 9/2)+2e tan(7/4+9/2) In case of cohesiontess soil =O We can say that, Bs proportional to tan?(7/4 40/2) 126. The effect of cohesive on a soil is to (a}Reduce both the active earth pressure intensity and passive earth pressure intensity {b) Increases both the active earth pressure intensity and passive earth pressure intensity (c) Reduce the active earth pressure intensity but to increases the passive earth pressure intensity (a) Increases the active earth pressure intensity but to reduce the passive earth pressure intensity Sol{c) The effect of cohesive on a soil is to reduce the active earth pressure intensity but to increases the passive earth pressure intensity, 127. A retaining wall 6m high supports a backfill with a surcharge angel of 10°. The back of the walt is inclined to the vertical at a positive batter angel of 5°. if the angel of wall friction is 7°, then the resultant active earth pressure will act at a distance of 2m above the base and inclined to the horizontal at an angel of (a)7 {b) 10° (c) 12° (d) 17° Sol:-(c) Given that, i = 10° Walt friction angle Positive batter angle f= 5° Diagram ‘The resu‘tant active earth pressure will act at a distance of 2m and inclination with horizontal place is equal to 5+ B =P +5?= 12" 128. Coefficient of earth pressure at rest is (a} Less than active earth pressure but greater than passive earth pressure Engineer's Pride jit icssen even ReMi | CevvoomOtc heii. canes Nae C Binh Wah Rese 200 te tow Rh SEH Tio Sop fos Me Gxt can ner inay Soon 0d Dag PaaRaacyStten), 9p A, SEOENTE9 70.0085 BIEN Page 314602 {b) Greater than active earth pressure but less than passive earth pressure (€) Greater than both the active earth pressure and passive earth pressure (d) Less than both the active and passive earth pressures Sol.(b) Active earth pressure coefficient (ks) Coefficient of earth pressure at rest Ke Kec Kos Ky By Move away fiom the retained soit Push into the retained soil Variation of different earth pressure 129. If the top surface of the backfill of a’. retaining wall is inclined to the horizontal at an angel f, then the coefficient of passive earth pressure is equal to 0s {cos p— cos" f — cos") Os B+ feos? pcos p 0s 6:05 8 +) cos* f — cos 4) cos B—feos* cos? g (ey £088 veos® B= 00s" eos {cos f — cos B—cos' ¢} (ey 20 = eos" B=03" 4 0s (cos 6 + foo B cos" 8) Sol.(b) Inclination angle = 2 {o) The coefficient of passive earth pressure Engineer's Pride orang 1¢3,/ ny CHAN | cos B+ Joos? f—cos” Kp = cos Bx| EE cos f— cos’ cos’ p 130. The critical height of an unsupported vertical cut in a cohesive soil is given by we tan (45° + 2) Ea one (0) ean (45° + 2) te) cot (45° + 2) (d) cor (45°+ 2) ¥ Where C= unit cohes n @=angel of internat friction Y= unit weight of soil Sol.(a] Active eagth pressure 4 Maximum height of unsupported cut de rvka He A= Stan(45°+ 2) 131. Total lateral earth pressure is propor- tional to (a) Depth of soil (b) Square of depth af soil {c} Angel of internat friction of soit (d) None of the above Sol.(b) Totai lateral earth pressure (for an example ~ active earth pressure) 1 1 For toe failure, Dy = For face failure 0 < Di< 1 fi it | | | | ase le 136. Base (a) Occurs when sail below the level of toe is strong re of a finite slope {b) Occurs when there is a relatively weak zone inn upper part of the slope {c} Occurs when the soil below the toe is relatively soft and week (6) 1s. most comman failure and occurs in relatively steep slopes Sol.{c) The base failure occurs when a weak stratum lies beneath the tue. Toe failure occurs when a strong stratum exists below the toe, the slip surface of the base failure is tangential to that stratum. — Engineer's Pride oy wan «sms tats: ree Ste Hass 2, Grea Cae Manen Rage 20) Wes oR Sh eh! Breen ote SiN alan soon Due ney La oi, Rath E81, 4 EO, POTEEOE2 > 33} 602 Siop failure in which the failure occurs slong a surface that nter sects the slopes above the toe. 137. Bishop's method of stability analysis, {a} ls more conservative {b] Neglects the effect of forces acting on the sides of the slices {c) Assumes the slip surface as an arc of acircle {G) All of the above ‘Sol.{c) Bishon’s method of stability analysis, - Considers the forces on the sides of each slice. - It is less conservative than Swedish circle method . ~ Assume the slip surface as an arc of a circle, 138. Allowable bearing pressure for a foundation depends upon (a} Allowable settlement only (b) Ultimate bearing capacity of soil only {c) Both allowabie settlement and ultimate bearing capacity {d None of the above Sol.{c} Allowable bearing pressure {qzne1) is the maximum net intensity of loading that can be imposed on the soil with no possibility of shear taiture or the possibility of excessive settlement. It is the smaller than net safe bearing capacity anc) and safe bearing pressure (ays). 139. According tv Rankine’s analysis, minimum depth of foundation is equal to (a) ¢ De sin BY we a Gest sit jest tc is auto, isin) @ aesin) (ay, Graney Where q = intensity of loading ¥ = unit weight of s © = angel of internal friction Engineer's Pride ey 1tan81¢. mean fonuaye-€ 10ND Sh] Chaveon/oe oh 9 Fs Mes atten Gard agar Rn ay Stanners van ste Sol.(b) As per Rankine’s analysis, minimum, depth of foundation is equal to 1-sing | > Sraegt 2X) rlitsing} > Ka = coefficient of active earth pressure. 140, According to Terzaghi’s theory, the ultimate bearing capacity at ground surface for a purely cohesive soil and for a smooth base of a strip footing is {a)257¢ (bys (5.7¢ (86.25 Where C= unit coh Sol.(c) According to terzaghi’s theory Bearing capacity for strip footing n of soil 9, =eNe+qN,* ; BYN, Given that, footing at ground surface For a'purely cohesive soll Ny = 0,N, Ne= 5.7 Net ultimate bearing capacity 141. The net ultimate bearing capacity of a purely cohesive soll {a) Depends on which of footing and is independent of depth of footing {b) Depends on depth of footing and is independent of which of footing (c} Depends on booth depth and which of footing {d)Is independent of both depth and width of footing Sol.(d) The net ultimate beacing capacity of a purely cohesive soil Gru =5.7 6 It is independent of both depth and width of footing. 142. The rise of water table below the foundation influence the bearing capacity of soil mainly by reducing {a} Cohesion and effective angel of shearing resistance e295, Gare Ka CH, 1200 er rom alls Reson EOE 7OREO9 wae? 34 | 602 {b) Cohesion and effective unit weight of soil {c] Effective unit weight of soil and effective angel >f shearing resistance {¢) Effective resistance angel of — shearing Sol{b) As per Terzaghi’s bearing capacity of a strip footing @, =cN, +r), -0.5¢N,B due to rise ef water table below the foundation influences the unit weight of the soil as ris changed in submerged unit weight (ras), consequently reduced the bearing capacity. Due to rise of water tale cohesion of the soilis also reduced. 243. Terzaghi’s general bearing capacity formula fora strip footing (CN, +¥ Dg +05 y NyB) gives (a) Safe bearing capacity (b) Net safe bearing capacity {c) Ultimate bearing capacity (d) Net ultimate bearing capacity ‘Where C= unit cohesion Y= unit weight of soil D = depth of foundation B = width of foundation Nig, NVy = bearing capacity factors Sol.(c) Terzaghi’s general bearing capacity for a strip footing is given by. g, = ON 47, N, + O.57N,B Net ultimate bearing capacity (4m) You = Ia", Net safe bearing capacity (4, } 4, IPOS. Gross safe bearing capacity Su fee Bos. Engineer's Pride ey wané ex/nua olway-a Guava | cloos70te Aare 225, Gomes Marg Cbs, Mates ig 200M tear Rishi 144. Terzaghi’s bearing capacity factor N., WN, and N, are function of {a) Cohesion only {b} Angel of internal friction only {c} Both cohesion and angel of internal friction (d) None of the above Sol.(b) Terzaghi’s bearing capacity factors No, Nq and Ny are functions of angie of internal friction only. 145. In the plate joading test for determining the bearing plate should be {a} Less than 300 mm (b) Between 300 mm and 750 mm {c} Between-750 mm and 1m. {d) Greater than 1m Sol{b) Plate load test for determining the bearing capacity of soil, the size of square bearing piate should be between 30cm to 75cm. (30 cm, 45em, 60 cm and 75 cm are used). Smaller size plate are used in dense or stiff soils where as larger plates are being used in loose or soft soils. 146, Select the incorrect statement. {a) Bearing capacity of a soit depends upon the amount and direction of load. (b} Bearing capacity of a soil depends on the type of soil. {c} Bearing capacity of a soil depends upon shape and size of footing. {d)Bearing capacity of a soil is independent of rate of loading. Sol.(a) As per IS code 6403-1981 recommends the equation for calculation of ultimate bearing capacity of shallow foundation. fn NES) +0(N, li e4,) 40,SBYN, (i,.5,.d,)<0' It can be seen that Bearing capacity of a soit depends on :- ‘Titec fue neg uence ond Nags hy oor 8 Bary Ray Sn, pM ENACT, OSCE, OT: Page 351602 —> the type of soil {cohesive or cohesionless soil c=O} — Shape and size of footing (shape factor) —> depth of footing from ground surface (depth factor) —> inclination of loading (i-factor) “> Location of ground water table (GWT) 147, A 600mm square bearing plate settle By 15 mm in plate load test on a cohesion-less soil under an intensity of toading of 0.2 N/mm. The settlement Of a prototype shallow footing i m square under the same intensity of loading is fa) 15 mm. {b) Between 15 mm and 25mm {ce} 25 mm (4) Greater than 25 mm Sol.{b) in the plate luau Lest ona cohesion-less soit Given that, B, m. By = 0.6m, $5 = 15mm. 5 ate) ( oe) 06 | 1403 06°13 S:= 19.97 mm (between 15 mm to 25 mm) 148, A 300 mm square bearing plate settles by 15 mm in a plate toad test on a cohesive soil when the intensity of loading is 0.2 N/mm®. The settlement of a prototype shallow footing 1m square under the same intensity of loading is {a} 15 mm (b) 30 mm {ec} 50 mm (6) 1667 mm Sol.{c) Ina plate load test on a cohesive soil Engineer's Pride b- m, Given, that Br= 1m = 1000 mm, 5 = 15 mm Bp = 300 mm Settlement of the footing Si 155 50mm 149. Rise of water table in cohesion-less soils upto ground surface reduces the net ultimate bearing cap: approximately by (a) 25% {b} 50% (6) 75% {d) 90% Sol.(b) The net ultimate bearing capacity for a strip footing dns =10N, + q(N, ~1)+O.5BrN, For cohesion-less soil ¢ = 0 Fou (WN, -1)+0.5BrN, When water table rises upto ground surface then r will be typ which is approximate half of the saturated unit weight consequently Net Ultimate bearing capacity 's reduced to approximately 50%. 150. Contact pressure beneath a footing resting on cohesive soil is rigid {a} Less at edges compared to middle {b} More at edges compared to middle (¢) Uniform throughout (4) None of the above oo - rT rire (een, mem! Footing on send Footingon cay Fuivaleae uniform Aisvibution Contact pressure distribution on rigid footing 8 65 flan Ranins “8 U8 | O3evoarOM Ke tae, Gath Mr CBr shes fogar RD eer om Re ON Pra tuner Gare hapa Hans nau Pa ala St, Ratan 39, 703208, OPES INS © 36 | 602

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