METHOD : LIQUID PENENTRANT TESTING - PT

GENERAL AND SPECIFIC EXAM : 40 QUESTIONS AND 20 QUESTIONS

TIME : 2 Hours

LEVEL : ASNT LEVEL II

QUESTION PAPER NUMBER : INNO/PT/2024/1 Rev. 0

GENERAL EXAMINATION

1. A common application of an aluminium block containing quench cracks is to:

A. Compare performance of penetrant materials or processes
B. Does not determine penetrant test sensitivity
C. Determine effects of mechanical cleaning methods on penetrant test results
D. Determine effectiveness of cleaning techniques

2. Which of the following is not an advantage of water washable fluorescent penetrant

process?
A. Excess penetrant is easily removed with a water wash
B. It is well suited to testing large quantities of small parts
C. It is readily removed from shallow discontinuities
D. It has low cost, low processing time compares to the post emulsified penetrant
process

3. When using a water washable penetrant testing process, why should the water rinse
temperature remain constant?
A. To avoid changes in rinse efficiency
B. To maintain the temperature of the part
C. To avoid over washing
D. To avoid under washing

4. What is the proper technique for removal of excess penetrant from a part when
using a water washable penetrant process?
A. Fine spray normal to the surface
B. Coarse spray normal to the surface
C. Fine spray at 45 degrees to the surface
D. Coarse spray at 45 degrees to the surface
5. Which type of developer would you use to obtain the highest sensitivity test results?
A. Dry
B. Non-aqueous wet
C. Aqueous wet
D. Lipophilic

6. What type of penetrant process would be best suited to an application at near

freezing temperatures?
A. Solvent removable
B. Water washable
C. Post emulsifiable
D. None of the above

7. Which type of developer does not (!) provide a contrasting background against
which to view penetrant indications?
A. Dry
B. Non-aqueous wet
C. Water soluble
D. Water suspendable

8. Which type of developer should not be used with a visible dye penetrant process?
A. Dry
B. Non-aqueous wet
C. Water soluble
D. Water suspendable

9. An advantage of the post emulsifiable penetrant testing process is that:

A. Test pieces can be re-processed several times with little loss of sensitivity
B. It is the most economical penetrant testing process
C. It is highly susceptible to over washing
D. It is not self emulsifying

10. A disadvantage of the post emulsifiable penetrant process is that:

A. Test pieces can be re-processed several times with little loss of sensitivity
B. It is not very sensitive to open, shallow discontinuities
C. It is less sensitive to degradation in the presence of acids and chromates
D. Emulsifier application is an extra processing step

11. Acceptable methods to apply emulsifier are:

A. Dipping
B. Flowing
C. Spraying
D. All of the above
12. An advantage of emulsifier application by dipping is
A. Excess penetrant is recovered in the emulsifier tank and reprocessed
B. All of the test object is coated at approximately the same time
C. Excess emulsifier drains back into the emulsifier tank for re-use
D. Hydrophilic scrubbing is then easier to perform

13. Emulsification time is less critical for the detection of

A. Fine, tight cracks
B. Wide, shallow discontinuities
C. Internal porosity
D. None of the above

14. Over washing during excess penetrant removal is less likely with which penetrant
testing process?
A. Solvent removable
B. Water washable
C. Post emulsifiable
D. Self emulsifying

15. The fluorescent dyes used in the liquid penetrant testing process are most active when
energised with black light of what wavelengths? (A stands for angstrom units)
A. 2.0x10⁻7m (2000 Ǻ)
B. 2.5x10⁻7m (2500 Ǻ)
C. 3.25 10⁻7m (3250 Ǻ)
D. 3.65x10⁻7m (3650 Ǻ)

16. Application of penetrant to a test piece may be by:

A. Dipping, brushing or spraying
B. Spraying only
C. Bushing or spraying only
D. Dipping or spraying only

17. The penetrant process best suited to use on parts with rough surfaces is:
A. Solvent removable
B. Water washable
C. Post emulsifiable
D. Magnetic particle
18. The penetrant process best suited for the detection of very fine discontinuities is:
A. Solvent removable
B. Water washable
C. Post emulsifiable
D. Magnetic particle

19. The penetrant process best suited for use on parts with keyways and threads is:
A. Solvent removable
B. Water washable
C. Post emulsifiable
D. None of the above

20. Indications which are caused by design or construction of the test piece are called?
A. Relevant
B. Non-relevant
C. False
D. Real

21. The most likely result of a too short dwell time of an emulsifier is:
A. A tendency to remove the penetrant from fine discontinuities
B. Incomplete removal of excess surface penetrant
C. An overactive emulsifier
D. All of the above

22. Diffusion of a lipophilic emulsifier penetrant into the test piece surface is stopped
by:
A. The conclusion of the emulsifier dwell time
B. The penetrant
C. Application of developer
D. The water rinse step

23. When using a post emulsifiable penetrant process, it is important to drain as much
excess penetrant as possible from the surface of a test piece which has been
immersed in the penetrant because:
A. Too much penetrant on the part surface may lead to more rapid penetration and
over-sensitivity
B. A thinner layer of penetrant is likely to have higher capillary action and, thus, be
more sensitive to fine discontinuities
C. A thinner layer of penetrant will result in less penetrant contamination in the
emulsifier tank
D. None of the above
24. When a drain-dwell technique is used during emulsification, what two mechanisms
are responsible for combining the emulsifier and penetrant?
A. Diffusion and turbulent mixing
B. Osmosis and agitation
C. Turbulent mixing and osmosis
D. Agitation and turbulent mixing

25. When performing a post emulsifiable penetrant test, the test piece does not rinse
acceptable clean during normal processing. What should be done?
A. Return the test piece to the emulsifier and repeat the step
B. Increase water temperature and pressure
C. Remove the excess penetrant with solvent remover and process the remainder of
the test normally
D. Clean the test piece and re-process through the complete penetrant test process

26. The adequacy of excess penetrant removal, using water washable penetrant process,
is judged and controlled by:
A. Water rinse time
B. Fluorescent brightness measurement
C. Visual observation
D. Cleanliness of cloths used for removal

27. Another name for a self-emulsifying penetrant process is:

A. Solvent removable
B. Water washable
C. Post emulsifiable
D. Solvent emulsifiable

28. Which of the following is a function of an emulsifier?

A. To draw penetrant out of a discontinuity and form a visible indication
B. To increase the size of an indication through capillary action
C. To provide contrasting background for viewing penetrant indications
D. None of the above

29. When viewed under black light, developer appears:

A. Yellow-green
B. Blue-black
C. White
D. Pinkish white

30. Penetrant developers are used in which of the following forms?

A. Water washable
B. Water suspendable
C. Solvent suspendable
D. All of the above
31. Which of the following is generally the more acceptable method for cleaning parts
prior to penetrant testing?
A. Sand Blasting
B. Wire brushing
C. Grinding
D. Vapor degreasing

32. Cutting oils may be effectively removed from parts before penetrant testing by:
A. Preheating
B. Vapor degreasing
C. Washing with water
D. All of the above

33. The most common type of contaminant in fluorescent penetrant fluid is:
A. Metal fillings
B. Oil
C. Detergents (From cleaning)
D. Water

34. A generally accepted method for removing excess non-water washable penetrant is:
A. Repeatedly dipping the test specimen in a cleaner
B. Soaking the test specimen in hot detergent water
C. Blowing the excess penetrant off the surface of the part with compressed air
D. Wiping and cautiously cleaning the test specimen with a cleaner-dampened cloth

35. When using a post emulsification penetrant, it is necessary to apply the emulsifier:
A. Before applying the penetrant
B. After the water wash operation
C. After the dwell time has elapsed
D. After the development time has elapsed

36. The term used to describe the action of a particular developer in soaking up the
penetrant in a discontinuity, so as to cause the maximum bleed out of the liquid
penetrant for increased contrast and sensitivity, is known as:
A. Blotting
B. Capillary action
C. Concentration
D. Attraction
37. Which of the following discontinuities is most likely to be missed due to improper
rinse techniques?
A. Forging Lap
B. Deep Pitting
C. Shallow and broad discontinuities
D. The rinse technique will not affect the detection of discontinuities

38. A solvent used to clean the surface of a test specimen must possess all of the
following characteristics except that the:
A. Cleaner must be capable of dissolving oils and greases commonly found on the
surface
B. Cleaner must not be flammable
C. Cleaner must be free of excessive contaminants
D. Cleaner must leave a minimal residue on the surface

39. Which of the statements below best states the danger of sandblasting (without
subsequent chemical etching) for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested?
A. The discontinuities may be peened over and closed
B. oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities
C. The sand used in the sandblasting operation may be forced into the discontinuity
D. The sandblasting operation may introduce discontinuities

40. When removing excess penetrant from the surface of a test specimen:
A. The penetrant removal operation must not remove the penetrant from
discontinuities
B. Sufficient excess penetrant must be removed to eliminate an interfering
background
C. The use of a solvent-dampened cloth is a common method of penetrant removal
D. All of the above