Class 6

Geography

Ch-5

1: The Equator passes through__________ latitude.

Answer: 00

2: Name The part of the Earth where oxygen, nitrogen,

carbon dioxide and other gases are found.
Answer: Atmosphere.

3: Why Mariana trench is famous for?

Answer: Being the deepest spot in Pacific Ocean

4: Define biosphere.
Answer: A narrow zone of earth where all forms of life can be
found.

5: Name the largest Continent on Earth.

Answer: Asia

6: Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is used for

(a) breathing
(b) the growth of living organisms
(c) absorbing heat radiated by the earth
(d) photosynthesis

Answer: (b) the growth of living organisms

7: Name the latitude that runs through the middle of

Africa.
Answer: Equator

8: Name the two oceans that are connected by the Bering

Strait.
Answer: Arctic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.

9: Name the domain of earth which consists of solid rocks.

Answer: lithosphere.

10: Maitri’ and ‘Dakshin Gangotri’ are two research

stations of __________.
Answer: India

11: Why our earth is called as blue planet?

Answer: As 97.2% of the earth is covered with oceans and other
water bodies, it is called as the blue planet.

12: The most harmful effect of cutting of forests is

a. it makes the place untidy
b. it decreases the wood availability
c. it causes soil erosion
d. it leads to evaporation

Answer: (c) it causes soil erosion

13: The continent of North and South America are

connected by Isthmus. True/False
Answer: True

14: Who was the first Indian woman to climb Mt. Everest?
Answer: Bachendri Pal.

15: Why Ocean water is unfit for human use?

Answer: Because it is too salty

16: The topmost layer of the atmosphere is Exosphere.

True/False
Answer: True

17: The depth of Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean is

a. 10122 metres.
b. 11022 metres.
c. 12012 metres.
d. 22011 metres.
Answer: (b) 11022 metres

18: What is the name given to a Narrow zone on earth

which contains land, water and air?
Answer: Biosphere

19: Name the latitude which passes through Europe.

Answer: Arctic Circle.

20: Choose the correct option: India and Sri Lanka are
connected by
a. Bay of Bengal.
b. Palk Strait.
c. Arabian Sea.
d. Bering Strait.

Answer: (a) Palk strait.

21: A narrow passage of water connecting two large water

bodies is called __________.
Answer: strait.

22: What is the shape of the Pacific Ocean?

Answer: Circular

23: Choose the correct option: Pacific Ocean covers

(a) half of the earth’s surface.
(b) one third of the earth’s surface.
(c) one fourth of the earth’s surface.
(d) three fourth of the earth’s surface

Answer: (c) one third of the earth’s surface.

24: Name the longest river of the world.

Answer: River Nile

25: What should be the elevation of a hill to be termed as a

mountain?
Answer: A hill of more than 600 metres is termed as a mountain.

26: Which is the largest hot desert?

Answer: Sahara desert in Africa is the largest hot desert.

27: Name the smallest continent of the world.

Answer: Australia

28: Name the deepest point on the earth.

Answer: The deepest point on the earth is Mariana Trench
(10,994 metres or 36,070 feet below the sea level) in the Pacific
Ocean.

29: Name the largest ocean of the world.

Answer: Pacific Ocean.

30: What is our main duty for future generation?

Answer: Our main duty is to leave the earth a better place for
future generation.

31: Define hill.

Answer: A hill is a land surface higher than the local area.

32: The seven continents are separated by large __________

bodies.
Answer: Water

33: What is Eurasia?

Answer: The combined landmass of Europe and Asia

34: Give reason why Some parts of Andaman & Nicobar

island were submerged in water?
Answer: Due to the recent Tsunami.

35: Density of the air decreases with the increase

in_________.
Answer: Height
36: The continent which is called as Island Continent is
_________.
Answer: Australia.

37: Indented coastline of Atlantic Ocean is ideal for sea

ports and natural harbours. True/False
Answer: True

38: Name some of the oldest plateaus of the world.

Answer: Some of the world famous plateaus are: Deccan Plateau,
East African Plateau, Tanzania Plateau and The Tibet Plateau.

39: Name the most important river of China?

Answer: River Yangtze is the most important river of China.

Short Answer Type Questions

1: Why is the Northern Hemisphere called the land

Hemisphere?

Answer: The Northern Hemisphere is called the land hemisphere

because the greater part of continental landmass lies in the
northern hemisphere while on the other hand large percentage of
area in the southern hemisphere is covered with oceans.

2: How does the atmosphere act as a blanket?

Answer: Atmosphere acts as a blanket of the earth because it

maintains a fairly even temperature both during day and night.
Atmosphere also shields the earth from the strong ultraviolet rays
of the sun due to the presence of ozone gas. It also protects earth
from meteors.

3: Mention the layers of the atmosphere. Name the closest

layer to the earth’s surface?

Answer: The different layers of the atmosphere are:

1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
5. Exosphere
Closest layer to the earth’s surface is the Troposphere.

4: Name the major oceans on the earth.

Answer: The major oceans on the earth are:

Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean and
Southern Ocean. In 2000, the International Hydrographic
Organization created the Southern Ocean extends from the coast
of Antarctica north to 60 degrees south latitude with an area of
approximately 20.3 million square kilometers.

5: What do you mean by Strait? Name the Strait between

India and Sri Lanka.
Answer: A strait is a narrow passage of water connecting two
large water bodies like seas and oceans. The strait between India
and Sri Lanka is Palk Strait.

6: What is plateau? Name the two important plateaus of

the world.

Answer: A plateau is a large area of fairly level land rising much

above the surrounding areas. A plateau may have steep slopes on
one or more sides. The height of the plateau may range from 400
meters to several thousand meters above sea level. These are
almost flat. Deccan Plateau of India and the plateau of Africa are
two important examples.

7: Why do climbers often experience breathing problems?

Answer: The climbers experience problems in breathing due to

decrease in the density of air. They have to carry with them
oxygen cylinders to be able to breathe at higher altitude as the
density of air keeps on decreasing with increase in altitude.

8: What are mountains?

Answer: A mountain is a conical mass of land rising to a much
greater height than the surrounding areas. Its uppermost
projected area is called peak.

9: How do old and young mountains differ?

Answer: Old mountains have rounded features and are low in

height such as Aravallis. It is because they are very old and have
been eroded by the forces of nature like wind, water, etc. over a
long period. Young mountains have conical features and are
greater in height. The best example of young folded mountains is
Himalaya.

10: Name the major continents of the earth. Which is the

largest continent?

Answer: The major continents of the earth are:

1. Asia
2. Europe
3. North America
4. South America
5. Africa
6. Australia
7. Antarctica
The largest continent is Asia.

11: What are the important constituents of the

atmosphere?

Answer: The major constituents of the atmosphere are:

1. Gases
2. Water Vapour
3. Dust Particles
The pure dry air is composed of five main gases:

Gases %
Nitrogen 78

Oxygen 21

Argon 0.93

Carbon dioxide 0.03

Helium 0.0005

Hydrogen 0.00005

Ozone 0.000004
12: The three domains of the earth interact with each other
and affect each other in some way. Discuss.

Answer: The three domains of the earth interact with each other
and affect each other. For example, the industrial effluents are
thrown on the land from where they gradually flow into rivers,
lakes and other water bodies. Hence, polluting both land and
water. The polluted release of smoke and other gases further
pollute the atmosphere. So, all the major domains are affected by
one common source.

13: Write a short note on Antarctica.

Answer: Antarctica lies completely in the southern hemisphere.

At the centre of the continent is the South Pole. It is permanently
covered with thick ice sheets. There are no permanent human
settlements here. Many countries have set up there research
station here. Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri are Indian research
centres.

14: Distinguish between stratosphere and troposphere.

Answer:

Troposphere Stratosphere

The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth’s The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth’s
 atmosphere, just above the troposphere and below the
atmosphere.
mesosphere

Troposphere near the Earth’s surface is cooler

It is stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher
layers higher up and warmer layers farther
up and cooler layers farther down.
down.

About 80 % of the total mass of the atmosphere This contains about 19.9 % of the total mass found in the
is contained in troposphere. atmosphere

It is also the layer where the majority of our

Very little weather phenomenon occurs in the stratosphere
weather phenomenon occurs.
15: Inspite of being called the Blue Planet, the earth
experiences shortage of water. Why?

Answer: The earth experiences water shortage because 97% of

the earth’s water is found in the oceans and is too salty for human
use. Of the remaining 3%, large proportion is in the form of ice
sheets, glaciers and under the ground. A very small percentage is
available as fresh water.

16: How do we measure elevation of land?

Answer: The level of seawater remains same everywhere.

Elevation of land is measured from the level of the sea, which is
taken as zero.

17: Why is the Biosphere important for living organism?

Which meridian is taken as a standard meridian for India
and why?

Answer: Biosphere is the zone where life exists. This is the

sphere where other three spheres i.e. Lithosphere, Hydrosphere
and atmosphere interact with each other. In this zone life, that is
unique to this planet, exists. All the living organisms including
human beings are dependent on this sphere for survival.

18: What is acid rain?

Answer: Rain water is naturally acidic due to carbon dioxide,

which partially reacts with water to give carbonic acid. When we
talk about acid rain, we mean the enhanced effect which is caused
by other gases released when fossil fuels are burnt. Two main
gases are: Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide. The dilute acid falls
to ground as acid rain.

Long Answer Type Questions

1: Write a note on exosphere?

Answer: The outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere extends

upward. Here, the particles are so far apart, that they can travel
hundreds of km without colliding with one another. Since the
particles rarely collide, the atmosphere no longer behaves like a
fluid. These free-moving particles follow ballistic trajectories and
may migrate into and out of the magnetosphere or the solar wind.
The exosphere is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium.

2: How are the human beings disturbing the balance of

nature?

Answer: Human beings have got certain needs and with these
they also have certain abilities; physical as well as mental. Thus in
order to fulfill their needs, human beings are continuously using
their abilities to modify the nature. But with the advancement in
technology, this modification of nature has taken the shape of
degradation and exploitation of nature. There is thus, a need to
limit the use of resources of the earth to maintain the balance of
nature between the domains of the lithosphere, the atmosphere
and the hydrosphere.

3: What are the major effects of water pollution?

Answer: The major effects of water pollution are:

1. The food chain is damaged. When toxins are in water, the toxins
travel from the water to the animals and to humans when the
animal’s meat is eaten.
2. Diseases can spread via polluted water. Infectious diseases such
 as typhoid and cholera can be extended from drinking
contaminated water.
3. Acid rain contains sulphate particles, which can harm fish or
plant life in lakes and rivers.
4. Pollutants in the water will alter the overall chemistry of the
water, causing changes in acidity, temperature and conductivity.
These factors all have an affect on the marine life.
5. Marine food sources are contaminated or eliminated by water
pollution.
6. Altered water temperatures (due to human actions) can kill the
marine life and affect the delicate ecological balance in bodies of
water, especially lakes and rivers.
4: Define global warming. State the factors responsible for
it.

Answer: Global warming is the increase average temperature of

the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans.

1. Most prominent factor is from the combustion of fossil fuels in

cars, factories and electricity production. They produce carbon
dioxide, which is the most common gas responsible for the
global warming.
2. Other contributors include methane released from landfills and
fertilizers.
3. Gases used for refrigeration and industrial processes.
4. The loss of forests that would otherwise store CO 2.
5: What are the various uses of oceans?

Answer: Ocean currents greatly affect the Earth’s climate by

transferring heat from the tropics to the Polar Regions, and
transferring warm or cold air and precipitation to coastal regions,
where winds may carry them inland. The oceans are essential for
transportation: Most of the world’s goods are exported or imported
by ship between the different continents. Oceans are also the
major supply source for the fishing industry Offshore Oil, Gas and
Mining Recreation and Tourism: Including fishing, boating,
swimming etc. Disposal of Waste from Land: Including sewage,
non-point sources, CO2 sink.
6: Describe water cycle.

Answer: The continuous changes of the state and movement of

water throughout the Earth system, i.e., the atmosphere,
biosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere is known as the water
cycle. The water cycle is driven by energy from the Sun rays,
which cause liquid water from Earth’s surface to change into gas in
a process called evaporation. As gaseous vapour rises and
circulates in the atmosphere, it cools and changes back into a
liquid, a process known as condensation. When water vapour
condenses, tiny droplets form clouds, which return the water to
Earth as precipitation.

7: What is ozone depletion?

Answer: Ozone depletion occurs when the natural balance

between the production and destruction of stratospheric ozone is
tipped. Although natural phenomena can cause temporary ozone
losses, man-made synthetic compounds such as CFCs are now
accepted as the main cause of this depletion. Ozone depletion, in
fact, is occurring all over the world due to man-made pollution, at
19 to 30 km above the Earth’s surface. However, in certain parts
of the world, ozone depletion is particularly severe.