FS 1

LEARNING EPISODE 9

PREPARING FOR TEACHING AND

LEARNING

INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this Episode, I must be able to:

● identify the teaching-learning practices that apply or violate the
principles of teaching learning
● determine the guiding principles on lesson objectives/learning
outcomes applied in instruction;
● judge if lesson objectives/intended learning outcomes are SMART;
● determine whether or not the intended learning outcomes are
achieved at the end of the lesson;
● observe the teaching methods used by the Resource Teacher; and
● differentiate the different methods of teaching.

The Learning Essentials

These are the time-tested principles of teaching and learning:

1. Effective learning begins with setting clear expectations and
learning outcomes
2. Learning is an active process. "What I hear, I forget; what I see, I
remember what I do, I understand."
3. Learning is the discovery of the personal meaning of ideas.
Students are given the opportunity to connect what they learn
with other concepts learned, with real world experiences and with
their own lives.
4. Learning is a cooperative and a collaborative process.
 A teaching method consists of systematic and orderly steps in the
teaching-learning process. It is the practical realization or application of
an approach. All methods of teaching can be classified either as deductive
(direct) or inductive (indirect).

INDUCTIVE
DEDUCTIVE
Begins with the
Begins with a rule, Methods concreate, experience,
generalization, of details, examples
abstraction and ends Teaching and ends with a rule,
with concreate, generalization,
experience, details, abstraction
examples

observe

OBSERVE, ANALYZE, REFLECT

reflect analyze

DEMONSTRATING AN UNDERSTANDING OF
ACTIVITY 9.1
RESEARCH-BAESD KNOWLEDGE
PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING
Resource Teacher: ________________ Teacher’s
Signature_______________ School: _________________________
Grade/Year Level: ________________ Subject Area: _______ Date:
_____

Observe a class with the use of the principles of learning given in

Revisit the Learning Essentials. I will identify evidence of
applications/violations of the principles of learning. I can cite more than
one evidence per principle of learning.
Principles of Learning What did the Resource Teacher
do to apply the principle of
learning?

1. Effective learning begins with the To apply this principle, the resource
setting of clear and high teacher presents his lessons via
expectations of learning outcomes. television on what are his intended
learning outcomes regarding the
topic.
2. Learning is an active process. To apply this principle, the resource
teacher let his students participate
in the class discussion and in the
learning activities. He asks
questions to test if they are learning
and he interacts her students
actively with the learning process.
3. Learning is the discovery of To apply this principle, the resource
personal meaning and relevance of teacher give opportunity to his
ideas. students to share their knowledges,
thoughts, and ideas about the topic.

4. Learning is a cooperative and a To apply this principle, the resource

collaborative process. Learning is teacher didn’t group the students to
enhanced in an atmosphere of collaborate to each other. However,
cooperation and collaboration. while the teacher is discussing, the
students are cooperative and they
are collaborating to each other. For
example, while the teacher is
discussing, one student shares his
knowledge to the class and the
other student also share what she
knows. The students in the class are
happy to ask something to clarify,
cooperated each other, shared of
ideas, and discussed something
about the topic.

1. What principles of learning were most applied? least applied?

MOST APPLIED
From what I’ve observed, the most applied principles of
learning was the Learning as an active process. It is because the
teacher allows students to be involved in the learning process. They
learn more, discover their own learning style, and it helps them to
shape their individual character when they participate and involve in
the learning process. In this principle, the teachers are the
facilitators rather than the providers of information. The students
were encouraged to participate fully in the class discussions and
learning activities.

LEAST APPLIED
From what I’ve observed, the least applied principle of
learning was the Learning is the discovery of personal meaning and
relevance of ideas. It is because the teacher spent more time in
explaining and sharing his knowledge on the topic or subject.

Give instances where this/these principle/s could been applied.

In the class, the teacher lecture all the time. He asks the
students some questions regarding the topic and they are able to
answer it. In addition, all the students are active in participating
some activities imposed by the teacher.

From one of the principles of learning, which one do yo think is the

most important?
I think the most important principles of learning is learning as
an active process because this principle pulls students out of their
comfort zone by creating an environment where risk taking is
encourage. As they get more comfortable sharing their thoughts,
defending their conclusions and building on each on each other’s
ideas, they’ll gain confidence and self-possession.
 IDENTIFYING LEARNING OUTCOMES THAT
ACTIVITY 9.2 ARE ALLIGNED WITH LEARNING
COMPETENCIES

Resource Teacher: ________________ Teacher’s

Signature_______________ School: _________________________
Grade/Year Level: ________________ Subject Area: _______ Date:
_____

Observe a class, this time focusing on how the learning outcomes were
stated. Determined if the learning outcomes was/were achieved or not.
Give evidence.
1. Write the learning outcomes stated in the lesson.

Learning Outcomes (Smart Achieved

Objectives)
Yes No Yes No
1 Naipamamalas ang pag-unawa sa
interaksiyon ng tao sa kaniyang
kapaligiran na nagbigay-daan sa pag-
usbong ng mga sinaunang kabihasnan
na nagkaloob ng mga pamanang
humubog sa pamumuhay ng
kasalukuyang henerasyon.

2 Ang mga mag-aaral ay nakabubuo

ng panukalang proyektong
nagsusulong sa pangangalaga at
preserbasyon ng mga pamana ng mga
sinaunang kabihasnan sa daigdig para
sa kasakuluyan at sa susunod na
henerasyon.
 3 Nasusuri ang katangiang pisikal ng
daigdig.

2. Cite pieces of evidences that these learning outcomes were

achieved.

1. The students were able to answer during the recitation. With this, it
means that they understand the lesson.

2. The students were given an activity regarding their lesson like

reflection, drawing and so on.

3. The learning outcome was achieved by teaching the students how to

use globe and map, by showing pictures of different types of Anyong
Lupa at Anyong Tubig by giving them examples from different
countries and the different types of climate.

Do a smart objectives make the lesson more focused?

Yes, SMART objectives focus the lesson because they set you
up for success by making goals specific, measurable, achievable, realistic,
and time-bound. These objectives will assist you in making your lessons
more engaging because students will be more aware of where they are
and where they need to be. It also allows you to clarify your ideas, focus
your efforts, make better use of your time and resources, and improve
your chances of achieving your future career and life goals.

Reflect on the Lesson learned in determining SMART learning

outcomes.
I learned from the lesson on determining SMART learning
outcomes that your lesson objectives should be specific, measurable,
attainable, realistic, and timely because this will really help the teacher as
well as guide the teacher in the learning process and students'
development. It will also assist teachers in directing the flow of the lesson
and achieving the desired goals on a specific topic, as well as making the
discussion clear and organized.

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN INDUCTIVE

ACTIVITY 9.3 AND DEDUCTIVE METHODS OF TEACHING

Resource Teacher: ________________ Teacher’s

Signature_______________ School: _________________________
Grade/Year Level: ________________ Subject Area: _______ Date:
_____

I will observe one Resource Teacher with the use of this observation
sheet. Using the guide questions, I shall reflect on my observations and
analysis.
Teacher-centered Student-centered
Did the teacher lecture all the time? Were students involved in the
teaching-learning process? How? Or
 Yes, the teacher lecture all
were they mere passive recipients of
the time but he also ask
questions to the students instruction?
while delivering the  Yes, the students involved
lessons. in the teaching-learning
process. They answer the
questions of the teacher
and also ask questions
when they don’t
understand the topic being
discussed. They also
involved in various
activities

Was the emphasis on the mastery of Was the emphasis on the students’
the lesson or on the test? Prove. application of the lesson in real life?
Give proofs.
 The emphasis was on the
mastery of the lesson  Yes, because the teacher
because the teacher make let the students share their
sure that the students experiences they encounter
 really cope with the in their own communities.
discussion by not only
lecturing but also gave
chances to every students
to be facilitator that all the
students will cope with the
topic.
Was class atmosphere competitive? Was class atmosphere
Why? collaborative? Why?
 There is no competition in  Yes, there is a collaboration
the class. All of them are in the class because they
helping each other. are sharing their thoughts
to the class and they are
helping each other.

Did teacher focus only on one Did teacher connect lesson to other
discipline/subject? disciplines/ subjects?
 Yes, from the start until the  Yes, there are some
end of the class, the instances that the teacher
teacher occupied all the connects the lesson to
hours of class only in one other subject.
subject so the students will
still remember the lessons.

 What teaching-learning practice shows that teaching approach

was:
a) Constructivist-connected to past experiences of a learners; learners
constructed new lesson meanings
 The teacher let the students connect their past experiences to the
topic and tries to connect it to the new concept for the discussion.

b) inquiry-based
 The teacher posed questions to the students about the topic as well
as encourages the students to have independent thinking. With this,
 they can express their thoughts and ideas about the topic.

c) developmentally appropriate - learning activities fit the

developmental stage of children
 The activities set by the teacher reflects on the developmental stage
of the children.

d) Reflective
 The learners learn to relate real life situation in the topic.

e) inclusive No learner was excluded; teacher taught everybody.

 The teacher wanted all his students to actively participate both in the
class discussion and learning activities regardless of the student’s
diversity. The teacher is not bias and fair to his students.

f) collaborative - Students worked together.

 The teacher grouped the students so they can collaborate and work
together. They can brainstorm and share their knowledge, thoughts
and ideas to the group they belong.

8) integrative- Lesson was multidisciplinary - e.g. In Science, Math

concepts were taught
 The teacher integrates their lesson to other area of specification so
that the learning of the students is not only limited to the subject but
also multidisciplinary. This only means that the students can
comprehend and has the opportunity to learn other things.
 1. What are possible consequences of teaching purely subject matter
for mastery and for the test?
The lesson on determining SMART learning outcomes taught me
that your lesson objectives should be specific, measurable,
attainable, realistic, and timely because this will greatly assist and
guide the teacher in the learning process and students'
development. It will also help teachers direct the flow of the lesson,
achieve the desired goals on a specific topic, and make the
discussion clear and organized.

2. If you were to reteach the classes you observed, would you be

teacher-centered or student-centered? Why?
If I were to re-teach the class, I would use a student-centered
approach because it encourages students to actively participate
while they are the ones who facilitate. My role is simply to guide
them and correct them when they make mistakes. Furthermore, I
will engage them in order to enhance their learning and develop
their critical thinking skills.

Reflect on Principles of teaching worth applying.

As a future educator, the principles of teaching are very important
for all educators for us to improve ourselves and the process of learning of
our students. This promotes excellence in learning and teaching practices
express in different institution that are committed as learning. In all of
these principles tackled, it enhances students to engage and learn
through effective teaching.
 SHOW Your Learning Artifacts

Post proofs of learning that you were able to gain in this Episode. You may
attach the lesson plan (s) used by your Resource Teacher to show the
intended learning outcomes and the method used in class.