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Detailed Software Testing Notes

The document provides detailed notes on software testing, covering key concepts such as faults, errors, and failures, as well as testing objectives and principles. It explains verification and validation, types of testing (white box and black box), test case design, and the software testing life cycle. Additionally, it distinguishes between testing and debugging, and discusses agile and automated testing methodologies.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views4 pages

Detailed Software Testing Notes

The document provides detailed notes on software testing, covering key concepts such as faults, errors, and failures, as well as testing objectives and principles. It explains verification and validation, types of testing (white box and black box), test case design, and the software testing life cycle. Additionally, it distinguishes between testing and debugging, and discusses agile and automated testing methodologies.

Uploaded by

armanmohd50584
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Software Testing - Detailed Exam-Oriented Notes

1. Basics of Software Testing - Faults, Errors, and Failures

- **Software Testing:** The process of executing a program to find defects and ensure it meets user
requirements.
- **Faults:** A defect in the system that may cause incorrect behavior.
- **Errors:** Mistakes in logic or coding by developers.
- **Failures:** When a system does not function as expected during execution.

**Example:** A login form accepts incorrect passwords due to improper validation.


- **Error:** Developer forgot to implement proper validation.
- **Fault:** Incorrect password check logic.
- **Failure:** User logs in with a wrong password.

**Exam Questions:**
- Define fault, error, and failure. (April 2022)
- Write two differences between bugs, faults & failures. (April 2022)

2. Testing Objectives & Principles

- **Objectives of Testing:**
1. Finding defects before deployment.
2. Ensuring software meets user requirements.
3. Improving software reliability and security.
4. Preventing future defects.

- **Principles of Testing:**
1. Testing shows the presence of defects, not their absence.
2. Exhaustive testing is impossible; focus on key areas.
3. Early testing saves cost and time.
4. Defect clustering: Most defects occur in small modules.
5. Repeating the same tests reduces effectiveness.

**Exam Questions:**
- List two objectives of software testing. (Nov 2023)
3. Verification and Validation (V&V)

- **Verification:** Are we building the product right? (Focus on processes)


- Example: Code reviews, design reviews, inspections.
- **Validation:** Are we building the right product? (Focus on actual testing)
- Example: Running the software to see if it meets requirements.

**V-Model:**
1. Requirement Analysis -> Acceptance Testing
2. Design -> System Testing
3. Coding -> Unit & Integration Testing

**Exam Questions:**
- Define verification and validation. (Nov 2022)
- Explain V-model with a diagram. (April 2022, Nov 2023)

4. White Box & Black Box Testing

- **White Box Testing:** Internal structure is tested (Path Testing, Code Coverage).
- Example: Testing all possible loops and conditions in a login system.
- **Black Box Testing:** Functionality-based testing without looking at code.
- Example: Checking if a login form accepts correct credentials.

**Boundary Value Analysis (BVA):** Testing at extreme input values.


- Example: Age field (Valid: 18-60), test values: 17, 18, 60, 61.

**Equivalence Partitioning (EP):** Dividing input into valid and invalid sets.
- Example: Password length (Valid: 8-16 characters), test groups:
- Below 8 (invalid), 8-16 (valid), Above 16 (invalid).

**Exam Questions:**
- Explain Equivalence Partitioning. (April 2022)
- Difference between Black Box & White Box Testing. (Nov 2022, Nov 2023)
5. Test Case Design & Testing Life Cycle

- **Test Case:** A document with input, execution steps, expected result, and actual result.
- Example Test Case for Login Form:
1. Input: Username & Password.
2. Expected Result: Successful login.
3. Actual Result: Login failed.

**Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC):**


1. Requirement Analysis
2. Test Planning
3. Test Case Development
4. Test Execution
5. Test Closure

**Exam Questions:**
- What is a test case? Explain with an example. (April 2022, Nov 2023)
- Write a test plan for Flipkart login page. (April 2023)

6. Differences Between Testing & Debugging

- **Testing:** Identifies defects but does not fix them.


- **Debugging:** Developers fix defects found during testing.

| Feature | Testing | Debugging |


|---------------|------------------------|-----------------------|
| Who Performs | Testers | Developers |
| Purpose | Finds defects | Fixes defects |
| Process | Execution of test cases | Analyzing & fixing |

**Exam Questions:**
- Differentiate between testing and debugging. (Nov 2022)

7. Agile Testing & Automated Testing

- **Agile Testing:** Continuous testing during development.


- **Automated Testing:** Uses scripts & tools (Selenium, JUnit) to speed up testing.
- **Agile Testing Quadrants:**
1. Unit & Component Testing
2. Functional Testing
3. Non-Functional Testing (Performance, Security)
4. User Acceptance Testing

**Exam Questions:**
- Write short note on Agile Testing Quadrants. (Nov 2023)
- Explain different layers of automated testing. (Nov 2022)

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