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Analog Communication - Modulation

Modulation is the process of altering the parameters of a carrier signal to enable reliable long-distance transmission of a message signal without distortion. It is essential for increasing signal strength, reducing antenna size, and enhancing communication range and quality. The document outlines types of modulation, including continuous-wave and pulse modulation, along with their specific techniques such as amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation.

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Analog Communication - Modulation

Modulation is the process of altering the parameters of a carrier signal to enable reliable long-distance transmission of a message signal without distortion. It is essential for increasing signal strength, reducing antenna size, and enhancing communication range and quality. The document outlines types of modulation, including continuous-wave and pulse modulation, along with their specific techniques such as amplitude, frequency, and phase modulation.

Uploaded by

bt22ece073
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analog Communication - Modulation


For a signal to be transmitted to a distance, without the effect of any external
interferences or noise addition and without getting faded away, it has to undergo a
process called as Modulation. It improves the strength of the signal without disturbing
the parameters of the original signal.

What is Modulation?
A message carrying a signal has to get transmitted over a distance and for it to establish
a reliable communication, it needs to take the help of a high frequency signal which
should not affect the original characteristics of the message signal.

The characteristics of the message signal, if changed, the message contained in it also
alters. Hence, it is a must to take care of the message signal. A high frequency signal
can travel up to a longer distance, without getting affected by external disturbances. We
take the help of such high frequency signal which is called as a carrier signal to
transmit our message signal. Such a process is simply called as Modulation.

Modulation is the process of changing the parameters of the carrier signal, in accordance
with the instantaneous values of the modulating signal.

Need for Modulation


Baseband signals are incompatible for direct transmission. For such a signal, to travel
longer distances, its strength has to be increased by modulating with a high frequency
carrier wave, which doesn’t affect the parameters of the modulating signal.

Advantages of Modulation
The antenna used for transmission, had to be very large, if modulation was not
introduced. The range of communication gets limited as the wave cannot travel a
distance without getting distorted.

Following are some of the advantages for implementing modulation in the


communication systems.

Reduction of antenna size

No signal mixing

Increased communication range

Multiplexing of signals

Possibility of bandwidth adjustments


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Improved reception quality

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Signals in the Modulation Process


Following are the three types of signals in the modulation process.

Message or Modulating Signal


The signal which contains a message to be transmitted, is called as a message signal.
It is a baseband signal, which has to undergo the process of modulation, to get
transmitted. Hence, it is also called as the modulating signal.

Carrier Signal

The high frequency signal, which has a certain amplitude, frequency and phase but
contains no information is called as a carrier signal. It is an empty signal and is used to
carry the signal to the receiver after modulation.

Modulated Signal

The resultant signal after the process of modulation is called as a modulated signal.
This signal is a combination of modulating signal and carrier signal.

Types of Modulation
There are many types of modulations. Depending upon the modulation techniques used,
they are classified as shown in the following figure.
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The types of modulations are broadly classified into continuous-wave modulation and
pulse modulation.

Continuous-wave Modulation

In continuous-wave modulation, a high frequency sine wave is used as a carrier wave.


This is further divided into amplitude and angle modulation.

If the amplitude of the high frequency carrier wave is varied in accordance with
the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal, then such a technique is
called as Amplitude Modulation.

If the angle of the carrier wave is varied, in accordance with the instantaneous
value of the modulating signal, then such a technique is called as Angle
Modulation. Angle modulation is further divided into frequency modulation and
phase modulation.

If the frequency of the carrier wave is varied, in accordance with the


instantaneous value of the modulating signal, then such a technique is
called as Frequency Modulation.

If the phase of the high frequency carrier wave is varied in accordance


with the instantaneous value of the modulating signal, then such a
technique is called as Phase Modulation.

Pulse Modulation
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In Pulse modulation, a periodic sequence of rectangular pulses, is used as a carrier wave.


This is further divided into analog and digital modulation.

In analog modulation technique, if the amplitude or duration or position of a pulse is


varied in accordance with the instantaneous values of the baseband modulating signal,
then such a technique is called as Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) or Pulse
Duration/Width Modulation (PDM/PWM), or Pulse Position Modulation (PPM).

In digital modulation, the modulation technique used is Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
where the analog signal is converted into digital form of 1s and 0s. As the resultant is a
coded pulse train, this is called as PCM. This is further developed as Delta Modulation
(DM). These digital modulation techniques are discussed in our Digital Communications
tutorial

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