-3-

1 . As a group, nurses must strive to work together and reduce the barriers to
professionalization. Which of the following may have the GREATEST impact
on the profession and patient care?

(A) Collegiality
Gender issues
(C) Historical influence
(D) Internal conflicts

2. Ail patients or their guardians (parents of minor children: for instance) must be given
an opportunity to grant informed consent before treatment unless there is a life-
threatening emergency. Which of the following is NOT a MAJOR condition of
informed consent?

A Consent must be given voluntarily.

B Must be witnessed by the client's significant other whenever present,
Must be given by an individual with the capacity and competence to
understand.
(D) The patient must be given enough information to be the ultimate decision
maker.

3, Confidentiality is both a legal and an ethical concern in nursing practice.

Confidentiality is the protection of private information gathered about a
patient during the provision of health care service.. Which of the following
will MOST likely violate these principles?

(A) Quality assurance activities

(B) Information required by the COUåS
(O Data required by a very concerned family member
(D) Information by a client's insurance company in a settlement

4, The use of social media has created professional and personal opportunities, yet
it can •pose significant ethical challenges. Which of the following are major
challenges that social media postings can cause?

Transmission of potentially identifiable patient data.

 Blurring of professional and personal boundaries.
Postings are available to.personal and professional contacts.
IV. Employers and colleagues may have these postings at their disposal.

I and Il only
(B) i, Il and Ill only
(C lil and IV only
(D) Il, Ill and IV
-4-

5. The use of social media outside of nursing school or the work place can cause
tremendous consequences if used in ways that interfere with the privacy of
patients, even if the nurse's or student's intentions are not malicious. Which of
the following needs to be understood about social media postings?

Posts are private and accessible only to the intended recipient.

(B) Once content has been deleted, it is no longer accessible.

(C) No harm is done if patient information is disclosed only to the

intended recipient.
(D) Professional boundaries are still firmly in place, even off duty,
although social media may cause one to believe that they are
not.

6. Nurses, as health care providers, have certain rights, responsibilities, and

recognition through various laws -or statutes. Which of the "following does
the Practice Act in each jurisdiction accomplish?

Definition of the practice of professional nursing

Setting the minimum educational qualifications and other
requirements for licensure
Determination of the !egal titles and abbreviations nurses may use
IV. Providing disciplinary action of licensees for certain causes

and Il only
(B) ll.and Ill only
(C) Ill and IV only
(D) Ill and IV
 7. Continuing education is a term that has become progressively more prominent in
recent years within nursing. Continuing education will NOT help nurses to
A) work sessional while earning re-licensure hours at the same time
(B) develop personal and professional effectiveness and increasing job
satisfaction
keep abreast of new developments in terms of knowledge, skills and
technology to ensure continuing competence in their current job
(D) enhance their knowledge and skills to be able to initiate and respond to changes in
the working environment as additional roles may be demanded of them
-5_

8. Continuing professional development is a term that may be used synonymously

with continuing education. Continuing professional development in nursing
can be BEST described as

the purposeful maintenance and improvement of knowledge and skills

Il. a commitment to being prqfessionai
keeping up-to-date with new trends and styles
IV. continuously seeking to improve within the profession

Il and Ill only

(B Il and IV only
, ll and IV only
(D) Ill and IV only

9. The PRIMARY aim of continuing professional development in nursing is to

(A) increase the earning power and esteem need of the nurse

B) improve the status of the hospital within the community

c engender collaboration between nursing and other helping professions
(D) provide quality nursing care and service delivery to patients and families

1 0. Student nurses are exposed to many theoretical and practical aspects in their
educational and practice settings. On qualifying, nurses are required to
demonstrate a high level of knowledge, understanding, and application of higher-
order skills, not only with clients/service users but also with other team members
while
 in the work place entering the
work place leaving the work
place
IV. off duty

(A) I and il only

(B) Il and lil only
Ill and IV only
Ill and IV
-6-

Every professional nurse should be aware of the need to update and expand his or her
knowledge and skills. Which of the following is fundamentally the LEAST important in . relation
to the acquisition of updated skills and knowledge?

(A) provision of time off by employer A

commitment to learning needs
(C) Searching for and finding appropriate resources
(D) Becoming self-directing in respect of learning needs

12. There are many factors at play as the nurse strives towards professional growth and
development. Which of the following LEAST inhibits professional growth and

development?
Availability of learning opportunities
(B) Institutional policy of the work place
(C) Attitude of nurses towards learning
(D) Financial constraint

13. In the past decade or so, professional nurses have been exposed and affected by
the rapid pace of change brought about by the health and disease profile of the
Caribbean society, client demands and the influences of government policies.
Consequently major pressures and demands have been piaced on the nurse's role
that flows from

rapid technological improvements with concomitant changes in medica: and

nursing practice ll. the advent of HIV and AIDS, trauma due to crime and road
accidents and the increase in chronic non-communicable diseases the
restructuring and reorganization of delivery of health care, with an increasing
emphasis on primary health care
 IV. the increased public scrutiny and demands for professional accountability

I and l! only
(B) l, Il and Ill only
Il, lil and IV only
(D) and IV
14. Nurses are required to increase their knowledge and skills after graduation. Which
of the following WOUId be the LEAST important reason why a nurse participates
in continuing professional development activities?

(A) Developing new professional knowledge and skills

(B) Keeping abreast of new developments in nursing practice and health C
Personal development, career development
(D) Escape or stimulation, acquisition of credentials

1 5. To facilitate improved mental health care, the employer jn a large mental health
institution decided to offer learning activities to all nurses while they are on duty.
This type of training is BEST referred to as

(A) in-service education training continuing

profeSsionaI development
(C) continued professional education
(D) continuing education

1 6. Which of the following are considered formal educational strategies used to provide
continuous professional development for nurses?

(A) Conducting workshops, distance learning, preparing a meal

(B) Work-based learning, self-directed learn ing, making a garment

Preparing a meal, conducting workshops, attending a seminar

Attending a seminar, self-directed learning, distance learning

1 7. Developing key teaching and learning strategies are most important in ensuring
that nurses acquire the skills to learn and re-learn as knowledge progresses. This
is fundamental to lifelong learning. Among the skills that nurses MUST cultivate
are the
 ability to analyze problems expertise to define what needs to be
learned competence to know how and where to access
information
IV. capacity to evaluate sources of information
I and Il only l, Il and Ill
only c Il Ill and IV only
(D) Ill and IV
-8

18. Nurse educators should facilitate the process of learning by helping students to become
self-directed in their own learning. Approaches that have the MOST potential to
enpourage self-direction are

usage of the learners' existing knowledge, encouraging deep-level learning

(B) increasing questioning by learners, providing access to ail
(C) improving comprehension monitoring, providing access to all answers
(D) creating a supportive accommodating climate for learning at all times

19. To ensure that the nurse learns continuously he/she needs to be exposed to formal and
informal learning opportunities. Which of the following BEST typifies informal learning?

Writing a reflective journal

(B) Attending a programme at university
(C) Attending a certified cooking class
(D) Eliciting the help of a friend in building a fence

20. Nursing over the years has endeavoured to be considered a profession as well as
to promote professionalism among its members. Which of the following LEAST
exemplifies professionalism?
A Motivation to deliver service and adherence to an ethical code
(B) Adherence to a moral code and personal gains
Maintenance and awareness of limitations and scope of practice
(D) Empowerment of individuals and teams

21 . Professional competence, as well as the maintenance of standard of care, is an

important elément in the growth and development of all nurses. The professionally
competent nurse will strive to be
 responsible by ensuring the safety and efficacy of practice able to
reflect and think critically about role functions capable of dealing with routine
and technical elements of their job
IV. skilled in interacting, influencing and responding to others appropriately

Il and Ill only

(0) l, Il and IV only
(C) l, Ill and IV only

(D) Ili and IV only

-9-

22. The ethos of an organization can encourage and enable nurses to continuously
learn and develop but needs to be supported with systems and tools which have
practical application. Systems that BEST exemplify these are

A) business pt4nning, benchmarking, performance appraisal

(B) businesS planning, performance appraisal, auditing
(C) audjting, benchmarking, employee of the month
(D) employee of the month, performance indicators, business planning

23. An 18-year-old client is having protected sex one to two times a week in a
monogamous relationship, In what type of health care is the client participating?

(A) Health promotion

Heålth maintenance
(J) Illness prevention
(Dj Wellness

24. Similarities exist between various ideas about what constitutes a profession
Which of the following is believed to be a characteristic of a profession?

(A) Being. members of a professional body.

(B) Members are trained on the job.
Members are motivated primarily by financial reward. (D)
Members have a code of ethics..
25. An important aspect of professionalism is collegiality. Which of the following
BEST demonstrates collegiality?

Assisting a nurse researcher with data collection related tc measuring stress

levels in hospitalized children
(B) Participating in weekly client care conferences with physicians, social
workers, and other occupational therapists
(C) Sharing with another nurse that you heard the nurse manager is dating
the new physiotherapist on the-wad
(D) Serving as a preceptor to a final-year nursing student completing her span of duty

26. A barrier to professionalism attributed to the nurses' beiief in altruism is

illustrated when a nurse

(A) questions a medication order written by the physician

(B) takes the time to listen to a client l s fears about surgery needs to
seek approval from charge nurse to give a PRIN medication
(D) feels guilty for expecting to be paid well for work
27. Which of the following is an example of collective identity?

The legal right to practise the profession to protect unique skills from non-
members
(B) Apprenticeship programs to develop skills
(C) A loose association of practitioners
(D) Definition of the profession's mission related to full-time work

28. A component that separates occupations from professions is commitment. Which of the
following is the BEST way that nurses can show commitment to each other?

Reporting substandard practice by unlicensed care assistants

Reading the professional literature
C Mentoring nursing students and novice nurses
(D) Making a financial contribution to a professional organization

29. The document that provides professional 'standards and a framework for
professional decision making and ensures decisions are made with the HIGHEST
integrity is the

A Nurse and Midwives Act

 (B) The International Code of Ethics C) Hospital's Policy Statements
(D) Bylaws of Nursing Associations

30. Which of the following could eventually change the historical status of nursihg as a
female-dominated profession?

More men graduating from baccalaureate and higher-degree programs

B The proportion of men in nursing beginning to increase
(C More male graduates of basic nursing programs entering the Workplace
(D) Salary compensation increasing to attract more men

31. Which of the following societal changes have NOT promoted the nurse's return to
school and further education?

Clients have increasingly more complex and varied health needs.

(B) Previously unknown diseases are being identified.
(C) New technologies are being developed that require continual knowledge
updates,
D The increase cf other available options for careers.
-1 1

32. An enrolled assistant nurse who is returning to school to purs.ue a baccalaureate

degree in nursing states, "l don't know why I am putting myself through this. I
have practised just fine for ten years as an enrolled nurse. Which of the
following responses by her friend would be helpful in overcoming this feeling?

"Why don't you take a one-semester break from school?"

'Remember that a lot of people aye depending on you." c "Just
think how better a nurse you will be when you finish."
(D) "Think about all the extra money you will get when you graduate.'

• 33. A nurse who has decided to seek a Master's degree asks the Director of Nursing
for support. The Director followed a career path from assistant nurse to
baccalaureate nurse to Master's prepared nurse, and eventually obtained a nursing
doctorate. The Director would be acting in which role for the new student?

(A) Colleague
(B) Friend
(C) Faculty
 (D) Mentor

34. A nurse has decided to pursue further education. Which of the foliowing groups
are MOST likely to provide physical and financial support to this nurse?

(A) Mentors
(B) Family and friends
) Nursing associations
(D) Nursing organizations

35. A nursing student identifies a personal tendency toward procrastination. Which

approach would be beneficial to this student?
A) Plan the majority of study in the two days prior to scheduled exams
(B Plan recreational activities each week C) Limit
reading to essential content
(D) Try to complete assigned papers in one setting
-12-

36. The nursing student would like to talk with a faculty adviser prior to registering for next
semester's classes. What is the best strategy for this student?

Meet the faculty member after a lecture and ask for a few minutes to talk
(B) Stop by the faculty member's office to see whether the faculty member has time to
talk

6) Call the faculty member and request a time to meet for advisement (D) Talk to the
faculty member in the cafeteria at school

37. A nursing student is concerned because a faculty member does not follow the outline of
the textbook chapters during class. Which of the following is true about this situation?

Many faculty members use textbook reading as background for more advanced
discussion.
The student should bring this oversight to the faculty member's attention.
(C) The only way to correct this behavior is to report the faculty member to the
director of the nursing program.
(D) The faculty member is probably not very comfortable with the material in the
textbook.
38. A nursing student has identified a discrepancy bebneen what is written in the textbook
and what the nursing faculty member said during theory class. What should the student
do?

Wait and see whether the material is covered in the next examination
Ask a clinical staff nurse for clarification of the topic
(C) Request an appointment with the faculty member who taught the mäterial

(D) Research the topic on the Internet for clarification

39. A nursing student is planning to study all weekend for a final examination scheduled on
Monday. Is this the BEST strategy for study?

Yes because this method will assure all material is fresh in the student's
mind.
(B) No because the student should plan on an all-night study session on Sunday night
only.
(C) Yes but the best strategy js to invite six or seven fellow students to join the
session.
(D) No because study should be incremental across the semester with a
general review the day before the examination.
-13

40. Nurses, as health care providers, have certain rights, responsibilities, and
recognitions through the laws of the land. The Nurse and Midwives Act in the
region accomplishes and

defines the practice of professional nursing sets the minimum educational

qualifications and other requirements for licensure determines the legal titles
and abbreviations nurses may use
IV. provides for disciplinary action of licensees for certain causes

l, Il and Ill only

(B) Ill and IV only (C Il, Ill and IV only (D) , Il, Ill and IV

41. The MAIN reason why licensure for the Registered Nurse is seen as Incumbent is
that

(A nurses need a license to practice

(B it provides protection for the public
 (C the profession is a regulated practice
(D it improves the knowledge base of nurses

42. Which of the following would be the LEAST important reason for taking
disciplinary action against a nurse?

(A Working under the influence of a substance (B) Giving the client false
assurance y c Incorrectly calculating •a medication
(D Coming%to work untidy

42. The MOST likely reason why a nurse may be charged With malpractice is
A an act of negligence
B a slanderous act
(C) an act that causes defamation of character
(D) a libelous act done to a patient
44. The charge nurse is instructing a group of nursing students on malpractice and
negligence. Negligence is BEST exemplified by failure to

follow the manufacturer's recommendation on equipment document a

patient's assessment accurately-Ill. implement an appropriate plan of care
IV. question a discharge order when a patient appears ill
l, Il and IV only
(B) Ill and IV only c ill and
IV only (D Ill and IV

45. The doctor provides information to a client scheduled for a stirgical procedure. The client
gives consent but reports that he is not sure what the doctor told him. The nurse should

explain what the doctor told the client

(B collaborate with the doctor
(C advocate on the client's behalf
D) ask the client to explain what the doctor told him

To be truly safe, facilities in which nurses work must be committed to safe patient care. The
SAFEST situation is one in which the institution

keeps most equipment in good working order and provides training for the
employees to operate them
 (B) has some policies, procedures, and personnel practices that promote quality
improvement

(C employs an appropriate number and skill mix of personnek to care adequately

for the number of patients at all levels of acuity
(D provides general orientation to new employees, supervises all levels of
employees, and proyides opportunities for employees to learn new
procedures consistent with the level of health care services provided by
the institution

47. Professional nurses are accountable for functioning within their scope cf practice.
Therefore, they rnust stay abreast of changes that may affect nursing practice.
Which of the following may NOT affect nursing practice?
(A) The roie and function of professional associations
(B The Nurses and Midwives Act in their jurisdictions
(C Changes in political parties of their respective countries
( ) An updated version éfthe Nursing Code of Ethics
-15-

To operate effectively in today's complex health care arena, nurses need to understand
approaches to moral reasoning, theories of ethics, basic ethical principles, and ethical
decision-making models. Which of the following BEST captures the principle of moral
reasoning?

(A) Development of abstract thoughts

(B) Maturation of concrete thinking
Utilization of abstract thoughti
(D) Growth of concrete thinking
49. The use of social media has created professional and personal opportunities, yet
it can pose significant ethical challenges. Which ofrthe following principles should
be kept in mind at all times when engaging in the use of the Internet and social
media?

It is always better to err on the side of caution.

It is an easy way to get data across to a variety of people.
(C) Remembering that posting anything leaves a digital footprint forever. All
persons are ethically obligated to report any breach in confidentiality or
privacy that is encountered online.
50. In the profession of nursing, formal socialization plays an important role in
student development. The MOST, sig.nificant components of formai socialization
are

classroom lectures, assignments, and laboratory/clinical experiences

listening to personal experiences of faculty, planning nursing care, writing a
paper on professional ethics
(C) learning the steps of a physical examination for a child, starting an
intravenous line, attending student nurses' association
(D) practistng communication skills with a psychiatric client, spending time with a
preceptor, hearing nurses discuss a client care in the lounge

51. Becoming a professional nurse requires developing the skills to deal with values
and conflicts while .respecting clients' differing viewpoints. Which of the
fol.lowing is MOST likely to resuit in value conflict for a 21 -year-old nurse who
has a fundamentalist view of Christianity?
Caring for a morbidly obese client
B) A client who has divergent views on abortion
A client who has a terminal illness and refuses to eat
(D) A client who is a spinster but has a child
 -16-

52. The concept of accreditation of educational programmes in nursing is important. Although all
nursing programmes must be approved by the respective Councils for graduates to take the
licensure examinaticny nursing programmes may also seek additional accreditation. Which of
the following most aptly explains the process?

A voluntary review process cf educational programmes by a professional

organization.
B) A mandatory review process of. all programmes by a professional organization
C) A comparison of the educational quality of the programme with established
standards and criteria
D) The setting of guidelines that universities and colleges must follow as stipulated
by law

53. Continuing education js an important factor in the development of nurses' professional careers.
This process can also be referred to as

A lifelong learning
B) staff development
C) in-service education
D) knowledge seeking behaviours

54. A MAJOR difference beineen a graduate and an experienced nurse is that the graduate

tends to focus more on performing procedures correctly than on the client's response
to the procedure
B) has limited knowledge of suspected problems; therefore questions and collects
data more superficially or in a less focused way than more experienced nurses
(C learns more readily when matched with a supportive, knowledgeable preceptor or mentor
(D) tends to store knowledge in a highly organized and structured manner, making
recall of information easier

55. Clinical supervision can be a mechanism for mutual support and development of health
care professionals such as nurses. Which of the following LEAST exemplifies the concept
of clinical supervision in nursing?

An exchange between practising professionals to enable the development of

professional skills
B) Assisting nurses to develop reflective and analytical skills
 C) Encouraging nurses to examine their practice as well as identifying strengths and
weaknesses
D) Disseminating good •nursing practice: improving job satisfaction and morale
-17 _

56. Nursing theory is central to the nursing profession as it serves as a guide in the
development of nurses. Nursing theory guides the professional nurse in making sound
clinical judgments based on evidence by

determining which client data are important organizing, analyzing, and

understanding connections in client data planning appropriate nursing
interventions
IV. evaluating outcomes of interventfions
(A) I and Il only
(B) l, Il and Ill only
Il, Ill and IV only
, Il, ill and iV

57. Maintaining the professional boundary is an important tenet in the provision of quality
nursing care. Which of the following violates the principles of professional boundary?

A) The nurse can engage in business and personal relationships when the client is
discharged.
B) Working within the (zone of helpfulness' which is neither aloof nor too
intense/emotjonally involved.
C) Examining any boundary crossing, be aware of its potential implications, and
avoid repeated crossings.
(D) The nurse, not the client, is responsible for delineating and maintaining boundaries.

58. Which of the following does NOT embody the characteristics of the nursing profession?

A) There is a special body of knowledge that is continually enlarged through

research.
B) The services involve intellectual activities; individual responsibility is a strong
feature.
C) Practitioners are educated in institutions of higher learningJ are relatively
independent and control their own policies and activities.
(D Practitioners are motivated by their salary and consider their work an important
component of their•lives especiallYwhen compensated.
59. Which of the following factors contribute to professionalism in nursing?
 -18-

Treating people with respect, even those whom you may dislike or have a difference
of opinion ll. Standing up for personal and professional standards, despite what
others may do
Inviting ideas, opinions and feedback from clients and colleagues IV.
Learning to forgive others because everyone makes mistakes

A) l, Il and IV only
(B) l, Ill and IV only
C) Ill and IV only
(D Ill and IV

60. Which of the following factors may have had the GREATEST impact on the development of nursing?

A Stereotyping and marginalization

B *Implementation of safe and evidence-based practice
Baccalaureate, Masters and Doctoral degrees
(D) The emergence of men and younger persons in the profession

61 . Which of the following béhaviours would NOT be considered professional in nursing?

A) Imitating all the actions of senior nurses on the unit

Ensuring that personal values are aligned to professional values
Using creative and critical thinking in providing care
(D) Coming to work neatly dressed with hair well combed

€2. A client, complaining of bloody urine, has scheduled an appointment with his personal doctor. In
what type of care is the client participating?

A) Primary
Secondary
(C) Tertiary
(D) Convalescent
63. The Millennium Developmental Goals target the improvement of health for all. In
addition to eliminating health disparities, which of the following is a broad goal of this
plan?

(A) Increasing technological innovations

(B) Preventing treatable problems
(C) Applying a systematic approach to health improvement
(D) Increasing the quality and length of a healthy life
 €4. The development of a scientific base for nursing practice would BEST
(A) nursing administrators
practising nurses nurses!
clients health care
policymakers

65. Research in nursing is of utmost importance as it relates to appropriate and effective care.
Within the context of nursing, a SIGNIFICANT goal would be to

A) conduct research to better understand the context of nursing practice

establish a solid base pf evidence for practice through disciplined
research
(C) document the role that nursing serves in society
(D) establish research priorities

-4 66. Which of following is NOT a common feature of both quantitative and qualitative research?

(A A desire to understand the true state of human affairs

An emphasis on numeric measurement
(C) A reliance on eiternal eviderice collected th rough the senses
(D) Utility to the nursing profession

67. A nursing researchér wants to investigate the effect of clients l body positions on
blood pressure. Which of the following should be recommended for this
investigation?

A) Qualitative design
B) Quan titafive design
Both quantitative and qualitative design
(D) Neither, since there is insufficient information to determine design
68. When determining best practices, nursing decisions should

be based on tradition B include holistic

approaches C) be clinically appropriate
(D) include trial and. error approaches

69. Which cf the following does evidenced-based nursing FDR 1MARILY utilize when
answering clinical questions?
 -20-

Consulting an authority
Using intuition
(C Obtaining the newest research
Relying on experience

70. There are differences between quantitatiVe and qualitative research. Qualitative
research seeks to find answers based on

(A solid factual data

(B experiences or descriptioqs etiology

(D) systematic process

71. Which of the following nursing research topic is qualitative in nature?

Weekend and night outcomes of clients admitted to a specific hospital system s trauma
department
(B) Trends in hospitalization of clients with antibiotic-resistant tuberculosis c Predicting
risks for serious complications with abdominal surgery
(D) Needs of nursing students living with chronic illness

72. When little is known about a phenomenon cr the phenomenon is not clearly identified, the
BEST type of research suited to uncover this is

(A exploration description identification prediction

-21

73. When nurses become consumers of research they

design studies
(C) produce research
(D) undertake studies

74. When nurses rely primarily on tradition, they are MOST likely to

(A undermine effective problem solving increase new

knowledge
(C) maintain an unbiased perspective
(D) produce a precise range of answers
75. A nurse researcher understands that evidenced-based practice in nursing

(A relies on tradition consults recognized authorities (C

is based on the latest research
(D) depends primarily on textbooks

76. Which of the following topics M_OS.T closely GQDforms to the eriorjtjes that may be suggested
for future nursing research?

Attitudes of nursing students toward smoking Promotion of

excellence in nursing science
(C) Nursing staff morale and turnover
(D) Number of doctorate-prepared nurses in various clinical specialties

77. Which of the following BEST explains deductive reasoning?

Verifying assumptions that are part of our heritage
(B Developing specific predictions from general principles
(C) Empirically testing observations that are made known through our
senses
(D) Forming generalizations from specific observations
78. A nurse researcher is studying the effect of massage on the alleviation cf pain in patients
with cancer. This type of study can be described as

(A descriptive
(B) exploratory applied
(D) basic

79. The nurse is planning care for a client and reflects upon a previous similar situation to
identify care approaches. Which mechanism is this nurse using to acquire knowledge?

(A) Personal experience

Inductive reasoning
(C) Trial and error
(D) Authority

80. The nurse asks a colleague for suggestions to help with a client problem. What is a
DISADVANTAGE to using this mechanism to acquire knowledge?

A The practice may not have been verified as effective.

 -22-

(A) The information may not have been systematicaily tested It is inefficient
and unsystematic. (D) Experiences are subjective.

81 . The nurse is planning a research study to contribute to professional practice. One specific
purpose of this type of research study is to

A create standardized care plans reduce the number of

care maps add credibility to improve outcomes C
(D) eliminate trial and error in care

82. A nurse is studying research conducted in the 1950s about a patient care issue. Which
resource would be beneficial for the nürse to access?

Research in Nursing and Health journal

(B) Directions for Nursing Research: Toward the Twenty-first Century
(C) The respective Nurses Association publications
(D) Nursing Sfudies Index
 -23-

83. A study is conducted to determine the palliative care measures clients prefer.
Statistical analysis reveals that most of them ranked evening back rubs and
calming music as the highest in helpfulness. This research would MOST likely
fall under

A qualitative research
quantitative research
outcomes research
(D) both qualitative and quantitative research

84. Which of the following would be considered Level 1 research evidence when
evaluating evidence for the establishment of IV site care and maintenance for
a medical-surgical unit?
Case study review of dressings used at a similar-sized hospital
(B) Expert opinion cf best dressings used in hospital settings
(C) Quasi-experimental study evaluating types of dressings used at
selected hospitals
(D) Randomized clinical trial study conducted on types of dressings used in
hospita) settings

85. A client tells the nurse that he does not understand the surgical procedure
that the doctor says he needs. What should the nurse do to a'dvocate for this
client?

Contact the doctor and ask that the procedure be explained to the client
(B) Explain the procedure to the client
(C) Document that the client does not understand the proposed surgical
procedure
(D) Instruct the client about alternatives to the surgical procedure

86. A staffing issue and lack of patient care supplies cause a nurse to cancel going
home. She decides to stay on the ward until alt issues are resolved. The
nurse's actions are MOST typical of

the Director cf Nursing a nurse

educator
(C a nurse manager
D) a nurse researcher
87, A nurse, who is an expert at providing care to adult medical-surgical clients, is
transitioning to providing care to adult intensive care cients. The nurse's skjj;
level will MOST likely change to
 competent
novice
advanced
beginner
proficient

88. After receiving the handover report, the nurse reviews all the activities that
must be completed for a group of clients. This nurse is demonstrating which
characteristic of a competent nurse?
Matching an actual case with a textbook case
B) Planning and analyzing care needs
C) Establishing role boundaries
D) Seeing the big picture of the clinical situation

89. A key skill in today's health care environment is the ability to collaborate with
others. A nurse manager identifies the need to improve in this area. Which
skills or traits would NOT be essential for an effective nurse manager to
develop to improve Collaboration with others?

(A) Flexibility
The ability to share information and ideas

A service orientation
The ability to listen to others

90. Typically, the nurse manager of a ward utilizes a participatory style of

leadership. Today a client suffers a cardiac arrest. The manager takes over the
client's care, issuing orders, and expecting staff to obey them immediately.
Which of the following types of leadership style is NOT displayed by the
manager?

A Autocratic
B Permissive
Directive
(D) Authoritarian
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GO TO THE NEXT PA G F
91 . Several clients complain that the staff members of a unit are disorganized and
that "no one seems to know what to do or when to do it." The staff members
concur that they do not have a real sense of direction and guidance from their
leader. The type of leadership this unit is experiencing is

autocratic
bureaucratic (C laissez-
faire
(D) authoritarian

92. A rural private hospital bas experienced a very small client census over the last
two months. Salary costs for this period have been over budget, and the nurse
manager announces that ali nurses will be required to rotate, taking unpaid
furlough days (leave) until the census improves. This typifies the

impoverished leadership style

B country-club leadership style
(C) authority-obedience leadership style team
leadership style

93. Which of the following is NOT considered a leadership quality in nursing?

Awareness of happenings throughout the hospital
Ability to encourage newly hired nurses
(C) Skepticism about using technology for standard nursing tasks
Adaptability and collaboration skills

94, When making shift assignments for a busy surgical unit, the charge nurse
should

assume that since he is accountable for the care his clients receive, he js
also responsible for carrying out that care
B delegate all possible cijent care to other staff assigned to his clients
(e.g., ENS, PCA)
C collaborate with other levels of staff assigned to his clients and delegate
care based on personal preference
D retain the client care activities that only an RN can perform and delegate
other activities as appropriate
 -26-

95. A nurse is participating in a performance improvement study of a procedure

frequently performed on the unit. Which of the following will pr.ovide the MOST
relevant information regarding the effjcacy of the procedure?

A Frequency with which procédure is performed

B Client satisfaction with performance of procedure
(C) Incidence of complications related to procedure
(D) Accurate documentation of how procedure is performed

96. A nurse is hired to replace a staff member who has quit. After working on
the unit for several weeks, the nurse notices that the charge nurse does not
intervene when there is conflict between team members, even when it
escalates to a high level. Which of the following BEST describes the conflict
resolution strategy that the charge nurse is employing?

(A Avoiding/withdrawing
Smoothing
(C) Cooperating/accommodating
(D) Negotiating

97. A nurse has just had his performance appraisal done by the charge nurse.
Which of the following actions should be reported to the charge nurse's
supervisor?

The evaluation was conducted in the charge nurse's office.

Data that was collected for the previous 12 months were presented.
(C) Verbal concerns provided by a staff member were incorporated into
the data.
(D) The nurse was asked to review the performance appraisal tool and
complete a self-evaluation.
98. Nurse T is preparing to give a change-of-shift report regarding a client with a large
dressing which is to be changed every shift. The oncoming nurse has not cared for
this client before. The oncoming nurse would like to see the client's dressing site
and asks if Nurse T would provide report in the client's cubicle. The client is in a
cubicle with another client. Which of the following responses by Nurse T is MOST
appropriate?

'Sure, just let me pick up the client's chart so I can give you report while we
are in there, and we can look at the procedure for changing the dressing, too."
 -27-

(B) "Due to confidentiality regulations, we should not discuss client

information in the cubicleJ so I will do my best to describe the dressing and
how to change it. during report in the conference room.
(C) "Let me give you report in the conference room first, and then we can visit
the client and I will show you the dressing and how I have been changing
it.'
(D) "The orders for the dressing change are provided in detail in the client
record. You should be able to change the dressing without difficulty if you
follow them."

99. A newly licensed nurse is preparing to insert an intravenous catheter in a client.

While she has done this twice in nursing school, she would feel more confident if
she could review the procedure _qgain before insertion. Which of the following
sources should the nurse use to obtain this information and the standard at which
it should be performed?

Internet site/U-tube
(B Institutional policy/procedure manual
(C) Charge nurse/supervisor
(D) Nurse practice act/nursing association

1 00. An 1 8-year-old c)ient in the emergency department has been diagnosed with
acute appendicitis, with a recommendation for an immediate appendectomy. The
client begins to get dressed, saying he does not want to have surgery and is going
home. Which of the following actions should the nurse take PRIOR to the client
leaving the facility?

(A) Validate that the client understands the consequencesJ including the
possibility of death
(B) Complete an incident form outlining the facts surrounding the
occurrence

(C) Ask ser.writy ta detain the client until a legally résponeiblc person can
sign the surgical permit
(D) Do nothing and let the ciient leave without incident due to his right to
refuse treatment

END OF TEST