Stanley Brouwn

https://teaching.ellenmueller.com/walking/2021/10/10/stanley-brouwn-this-way-brouwn-1962/
 Adrian Piper

Adrian Piper, The Mythic Being

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bly5tUZI1I
Adrian Piper, The Mythic Being: Cruising White Women (1975)
 Sophie Calle

Sophie Calle, Suite Vénitienne (1980)

https://www.perrotin.com/artists/Sophie_Calle/1/suite-venitienne/14586 Sophie Calle, The Shadow (1981)
https://www.perrotin.com/artists/Sophie_Calle/1/the-shadow/6687

https://hyperallergic.com/305869/following-sophie-calle/
 Ellsworth Kelly

Ellsworth Kelly, Window, Museum of

Modern Art, Paris (1949)
 Ellsworth Kelly

Ellsworth Kelly, Window, Museum of

Modern Art, Paris (1949)
 Ellsworth Kelly

Ellsworth Kelly, Cite (1952)

Chris Marker

https://vimeo.com/328606733

Images for Chris Marker’s Sans Soleil (1983)

 Sarah Lucas

Sarah Lucas, Au Natural (1994) Sarah Lucas, Great Exhibition (2006)

 Cady Noland

Cady Noland, Deep Social Space (1989)

Cady Noland, Frame Device (1989)

 Kevin Beasley

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Y5ksQW63Ps Kevin Beasley and Taja Cheek on January

12, 2019, as part of Kevin Beasley: A view of a
landscape

Kevin Beasley: View of a landscape

https://whitney.org/exhibitions/kevinbeasley

Kevin Beasley engages with the legacy of the American South through a new installation that centers on a cotton gin motor from Maplesville, Alabama. In
operation from 1940 to 1973, the motor powered the gins that separated cotton seeds from fiber. Here, the New York-based artist uses it to generate
sound as if it were a musical instrument, creating space for visual and aural contemplation. Through the use of customized microphones, soundproofing,
and audio hardware, the installation divorces the physical motor from the noises it produces, enabling visitors to experience sight and sound as distinct. As
an immersive experience, the work serves as a meditation on history, land, race, and labor.
 Cameron Rowland

Cameron Rowland, Pass-Thru, 2013

Acrylic, hardware, 24-hour rotator disc
20 × 21 × 23 inches
Above: installed as part of Greater New York, 2015, MoMA PS1

“… questions of legality and history raise the issue of precisely how much information one can really glean from these objects, alone,
a conundrum central to much of Rowland’s work… Rowland insists on… the inextricable relationship between object and
supplement… Rowland does not turn these narratives inward, to some myth of individual aura or personal autobiography, but
outward, to structures at large – to the prison system, to state-sponsored servitude.” – Alex Kitnick
Cameron Rowland: 91020000
Artists Space, New York 91020000
January 17 – March 13, 2016 Cameron Rowland

https://artistsspace.org/exhibitions/cameron-rowland 13 th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

Passed by Congress January 31, 1865. Ratified December 6, 1865.

Section 1.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Property is preserved through inheritance. Legal and economic adaptations have maintained
and reconfigured the property interests established by the economy of slavery in the United States.
The 13th constitutional amendment outlawed private chattel slavery; however, its exception clause
legalized slavery and involuntary servitude when administered “as a punishment for crime whereof the
party shall have been duly convicted.” Immediately following the passage of the 13th amendment the
advent of laws designed to criminalize black life, known as Black Codes, aligned the status of
the ex-slave and the pre-criminal:

Every southern state except Arkansas and Tennessee had passed laws by the end of 1865
outlawing vagrancy [understood as either homelessness or joblessness] and so vaguely
defining it that virtually any freed slave not under the protection of a white man could be
arrested for the crime.1

Using the 13th amendment, Southern state governments effectively enmeshed themselves within the
antebellum cycle of accumulation. The system of convict leasing financialized prisoners by leasing
their labor to private industry. Many former slaves were leased back to former slave owners, now as a
fully fungible labor force.2 Although no longer designated as private property, ex-slaves functioned as
a kind of public property whose discounted labor benefited both the governments that leased them
and the corporations that received them.3

1 Douglas A. Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to
World War II (New York: Anchor, 2009), 53.
2 “By the late 1870s, the defining characteristics of the new involuntary servitude were clearly apparent. It would be
obsessed with ensuring disparate treatment of blacks, who at all times in the ensuing fifty years would constitute the
vast majority of those sold into labor. They were routinely starved and brutalized by corporations, farmers, government
officials, and small-town businessmen intent on achieving the most lucrative balance between the productivity of captive
labor and the cost of sustaining them. The consequences for African Americans were grim. In the first two years that
Alabama leased its prisoners, nearly 20 percent of them died. In the following year the mortality rate rose to 35 percent.
In the fourth, nearly 45 percent of them were killed.” Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name, 57.
3 As ruled in Ruffin v. Commonwealth, the prisoner “is in a state of penal servitude to the State. He has, as a
 2
Attica Series Desk, 2016
5

10
4 Steel, powder coating,
laminated particleboard,
1 8
9
distributed by Corcraft
60 x 71.5 x 28.75 inches
12 Rental at cost
The Attica Series Desk is
3

2 manufactured by prisoners in
Attica Correctional Facility.
11 6 7

Prisoners seized control of the

1 D-Yard in Attica from
September 9th to 13th 1971.
Partnership, 2016
Corcraft customer registration
91020000 is the customer number assigned to the nonprofit organization Artists Space upon registering with Corcraft,
the market name for the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, Division of Industries.
Many state correctional codes have work requirements for inmates, which include providing services within the prison, Following the inmates’
immediate demands for
services outside the prison, and producing affordable industrial commodities for the state.

By law, Corcraft can only sell to government agencies (including other states) at the state and local levels, schools and
universities, courts and police departments, and certain nonprofit organizations. This number encodes the trade
relationship established between Artists Space and Corcraft. amnesty, the first in their list of
2
practical proposals was to
Attica Series Desk, 2016
Steel, powder coating, laminated particleboard, distributed by Corcraft
extend the enforcement of “the
New York State minimum
60 × 71.5 × 28.75 inches
Rental at cost
The Attica Series Desk is manufactured by prisoners in Attica Correctional Facility. Prisoners seized control of the D-Yard
in Attica from September 9 th to 13th 1971. Following the inmates’ immediate demands for amnesty, the first in their list of
practical proposals was to extend the enforcement of “the New York State minimum wage law to prison industries.”
wage law to prison industries.”
Inmates working in New York
Inmates working in New York State prisons are currently paid $0.10 to $1.14 an hour. Inmates in Attica produce furniture
for government offices throughout the state. This component of government administration depends on inmate labor.

3
State prisons are currently
Leveler (Extension) Rings for Manhole Openings, 2016
Cast aluminum, pallet, distributed by Corcraft paid $0.10 to $1.14 an hour.
118 x 127 x 11 inches
Rental at cost
Manhole leveler rings are cast by prisoners in Elmira Correctional Facility. When roads are repaved, they are used to
Inmates in Attica produce
adjust the height of manhole openings and maintain the smooth surface of the road. Work on public roads, which was
central to the transition from convict leasing to the chain gang, continues within many prison labor programs. The road furniture for government
is a public asset, instrumental to commercial development.

offices throughout the state.

This component of
government administration
depends on inmate labor.
 5

10
4

1 8

12
3

2
11 6 7

1
Partnership, 2016
Corcraft customer registration
91020000 is the customer number assigned to the nonprofit organization Artists Space upon registering with Corcraft,
the market name for the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, Division of Industries.
Many state correctional codes have work requirements for inmates, which include providing services within the prison,
services outside the prison, and producing affordable industrial commodities for the state.

By law, Corcraft can only sell to government agencies (including other states) at the state and local levels, schools and
universities, courts and police departments, and certain nonprofit organizations. This number encodes the trade
relationship established between Artists Space and Corcraft.

2
Attica Series Desk, 2016
Steel, powder coating, laminated particleboard, distributed by Corcraft
6
60 × 71.5 × 28.75 inches 1st Defense NFPA 1977, 2011, 2016
Rental at cost
The Attica Series Desk is manufactured by prisoners in Attica Correctional Facility. Prisoners seized control of the D-Yard Nomex fire suit, distributed by CALPIA
in Attica from September 9 th to 13th 1971. Following the inmates’ immediate demands for amnesty, the first in their list of
practical proposals was to extend the enforcement of “the New York State minimum wage law to prison industries.”
50 x13 x 8 inches
Inmates working in New York State prisons are currently paid $0.10 to $1.14 an hour. Inmates in Attica produce furniture Rental at cost
"The Department of Corrections shall require of every able-
for government offices throughout the state. This component of government administration depends on inmate labor.

bodied prisoner imprisoned in any state prison as many

3
Leveler (Extension) Rings for Manhole Openings, 2016 hours of faithful labor in each day and every day during his or
Cast aluminum, pallet, distributed by Corcraft
118 x 127 x 11 inches her term of imprisonment as shall be prescribed by the rules
Rental at cost and regulations of the Director of Corrections." – California
Manhole leveler rings are cast by prisoners in Elmira Correctional Facility. When roads are repaved, they are used to
adjust the height of manhole openings and maintain the smooth surface of the road. Work on public roads, which was Penal Code § 2700
central to the transition from convict leasing to the chain gang, continues within many prison labor programs. The road
is a public asset, instrumental to commercial development.
CC35933 is the customer number assigned to the nonprofit
organization California College of the Arts upon registering
with the CALPIA, the market name for the California
Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Prison
Industry Authority.

Inmates working for CALPIA produce orange Nomex fire

suits for the state's 4300 inmate wildland firefighters.
 4
New York State Unified Court System, 2016
Oak wood, distributed by Corcraft
5 165 x 57.5 x 36 inches
Rental at cost
10
4 Courtrooms throughout New York State use
benches built by prisoners in Green Haven
9 Correctional Facility. The court reproduces
1 8
itself materially through the labor of those it
sentences.
12
3

2
11 6 7

1
Partnership, 2016
Corcraft customer registration
91020000 is the customer number assigned to the nonprofit organization Artists Space upon registering with Corcraft,
the market name for the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, Division of Industries.
Many state correctional codes have work requirements for inmates, which include providing services within the prison,
services outside the prison, and producing affordable industrial commodities for the state.

By law, Corcraft can only sell to government agencies (including other states) at the state and local levels, schools and
10
universities, courts and police departments, and certain nonprofit organizations. This number encodes the trade
relationship established between Artists Space and Corcraft. Insurance, 2016
Container lashing bars, Lloyd's Register
2
Attica Series Desk, 2016 certificates
Steel, powder coating, laminated particleboard, distributed by Corcraft
60 × 71.5 × 28.75 inches 102 x 96 x 11.5 or 149 x 18 x 4.5 inches
Lloyd's of London monopolized the marine
Rental at cost
The Attica Series Desk is manufactured by prisoners in Attica Correctional Facility. Prisoners seized control of the D-Yard

insurance of the slave trade by the early 18th

in Attica from September 9 th to 13th 1971. Following the inmates’ immediate demands for amnesty, the first in their list of
practical proposals was to extend the enforcement of “the New York State minimum wage law to prison industries.”

Century. Lloyd’s Register was established in

Inmates working in New York State prisons are currently paid $0.10 to $1.14 an hour. Inmates in Attica produce furniture
for government offices throughout the state. This component of government administration depends on inmate labor.

1760 as the first classification society in order

3
Leveler (Extension) Rings for Manhole Openings, 2016 to provide insurance underwriters information
Cast aluminum, pallet, distributed by Corcraft
118 x 127 x 11 inches
Rental at cost
on the quality of vessels. The classification of
Manhole leveler rings are cast by prisoners in Elmira Correctional Facility. When roads are repaved, they are used to
adjust the height of manhole openings and maintain the smooth surface of the road. Work on public roads, which was
the ship allows for a more accurate
central to the transition from convict leasing to the chain gang, continues within many prison labor programs. The road
is a public asset, instrumental to commercial development.
assessment of its risk. Lloyd's Register and
other classification societies continue to
survey and certify shipping vessels and their
equipment. Lashing equipment physically
secures goods to the deck of the ship, while
its certification is established to insure the
value of the goods regardless of their
potential loss.
 5

10
4

1 8

12
3

2
11 6 7

1
Partnership, 2016
Corcraft customer registration
91020000 is the customer number assigned to the nonprofit organization Artists Space upon registering with Corcraft,
the market name for the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, Division of Industries.
Many state correctional codes have work requirements for inmates, which include providing services within the prison,
services outside the prison, and producing affordable industrial commodities for the state.

By law, Corcraft can only sell to government agencies (including other states) at the state and local levels, schools and
universities, courts and police departments, and certain nonprofit organizations. This number encodes the trade
relationship established between Artists Space and Corcraft.
11
2
National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty and Pension Association Badges, 2016
Attica Series Desk, 2016
Steel, powder coating, laminated particleboard, distributed by Corcraft
1.25 x 1.25 inches and 1.25 x 1.25 inches
60 × 71.5 × 28.75 inches
Rental at cost Pot metal
The Attica Series Desk is manufactured by prisoners in Attica Correctional Facility. Prisoners seized control of the D-Yard
in Attica from September 9 th to 13th 1971. Following the inmates’ immediate demands for amnesty, the first in their list of The National Ex-Slave Mutual Relief, Bounty and Pension Association was founded in 1898 by ex-slaves
practical proposals was to extend the enforcement of “the New York State minimum wage law to prison industries.”
Inmates working in New York State prisons are currently paid $0.10 to $1.14 an hour. Inmates in Attica produce furniture I.H. Dickerson and Callie House. It was one of the first organizations to advocate for ex-slave
for government offices throughout the state. This component of government administration depends on inmate labor.
compensation. Members were provided with badges and certificates of membership. The certificate of
3 membership read:
Leveler (Extension) Rings for Manhole Openings, 2016
Cast aluminum, pallet, distributed by Corcraft

“Having paid the membership fee of 50 cents to aid the movement in securing the passage of the Ex-
118 x 127 x 11 inches
Rental at cost
Manhole leveler rings are cast by prisoners in Elmira Correctional Facility. When roads are repaved, they are used to
adjust the height of manhole openings and maintain the smooth surface of the road. Work on public roads, which was Slave Bounty and Pension Bill, as introduced February 17th, to the 57th House of Representative of The
central to the transition from convict leasing to the chain gang, continues within many prison labor programs. The road
is a public asset, instrumental to commercial development. United States by the Hon. E.S. Blackburn of N. C. The holder of this Certificate agrees to pay ten cents
per month to the local association to Aid the Sick and Bury the Dead. I hereby testify that I was born a
slave in and am entitled to all the benefits included in said Bill.”

The badge on left was dug in Faison, North Carolina. The badge on the right was dug in Vicksburg,
Virginia. Both were sold in 2015 by Civil War memorabilia dealers.