User Guide to the -opic Toolbox

for implementing CIE S 026

This User Guide relates to the -opic Toolbox v1.049a, published by CIE Division 6.
The Toolbox (DOI 10.25039/S026.2018.TB) and User Guide (DOI 10.25039/S026.2018.UG) are
maintained under CIE Division Reportership (DR) 6-45.
Last updated November 2020

CIE Central Bureau

Babenbergerstraße 9/9A,
1010 Vienna, Austria
Phone: +43 1 714 31 87
© CIE 2020 - All rights reserved E-Mail: [email protected]
 Toolbox – Basis, disclaimer and contact

The -opic Toolbox and User Guide were designed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) to enable
calculations and conversions of quantities related to ipRGC-influenced responses to light (IIL responses, or non-visual effects
of light), following the international standard CIE S 026:2018. System for Metrology of Optical Radiation for ipRGC-Influenced
Responses to Light. CIE, Vienna (DOI: 10.25039/S026.2018).

The -opic Toolbox is a CIE publication(DOI: 10.25039/S026.2018.TB) under the Division 6 Reportership DR 6-45 Publication
and maintenance of the CIE S 026 Toolbox. The -opic Toolbox supports the usage of CIE S 026, but is not part of the official
international standard. The toolbox was designed with feedback from experts including the participants of the Tutorial on CIE
S 026. Use and application of the new metrology for ipRGC-influenced responses to light, 14-15 March 2019, Eindhoven.

No liability is taken by CIE for any potential errors due to calculations with the -opic Toolbox. It is recommended that
users check the results against manual calculations. Considered feedback is welcome and should be sent to the Reporter of
DR 6-45 via [email protected] who will aim to answer any questions as quickly as possible.

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 Toolbox – Author and advisors

• The following member of DR 6-45 took part in the

preparation of the Toolbox and this User Guide
– Price, L.L.A. Public Health England, United Kingdom

• The following experts acted as advisors:

– Peirson, S.N. University of Oxford, United Kingdom
– Schlangen, L.J.M. Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
– Spitschan, M. University of Oxford, United Kingdom
– Lang, D. LEDVANCE, Munich, Germany
– Blattner, P. METAS, Bern, Switzerland

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 Toolbox – Main features

• Selection of spectral data used for calculations

Built-in illuminants A, D65, E, FL11, and LED-B3 (all: range 380 nm to 780 nm, step 1 nm) (CIE, 2018a); or
User-defined spectral data with a choice of wavelength step (1 nm, 2 nm, 4 nm or 5 nm)

• Choice of basic quantity

Photon radiance, photon irradiance, radiance, irradiance, luminance, illuminance (CIE, 2011; BIPM, 2019)
Control of SI prefixes, e.g. m in mWm-²sr-1,  and c in Wcm-², k in klx, c in cdcm-²

• CIE S 026 calculations and conversions (CIE, 2018b)

Basic quantity and additional α-opic output quantities are calculated: α-opic irradiance, α-opic equivalent
daylight (D65) illuminance (α-opic EDI), α-opic photon irradiance, or their radiance and luminance
analogues, as well as the α-opic efficacy of luminous radiation (α-opic ELR)
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 Toolbox – Additional features

• Charts and action spectra

The test spectrum and the reference spectrum (default = D65) before and after -opic action spectra weighting

• Glossary
List of quantities, abbreviations and symbols from CIE S 026 (CIE, 2018b)

• Advanced outputs
Switch outputs between the quantities from CIE S 026 and the former Lucas et al., 2014 recommendations
Displays values for the reference source, matched to the test source inputs
Displays α-opic Daylight Efficacy Ratio (α-opic DER)
Control of SI prefixes

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 Toolbox – Orientation

Instructions
+ warnings

* = Errors
Dark blue = data entry see page 24 6
 Inputs – Quick calculations User
A
D65
E
FL11
Example for built-in spectra LED-B3

First enter a title

< Quick calculation > photon radiance
photon irradiance
radiance
1. Select from list irradiance
luminance
(5 CIE illuminants) < LED-B3 > illuminance

2. Select quantity LED-B3: Range 380 nm to 780 nm, step 1 nm

(6 options) < illuminance >
E
and units P
T
(SI prefixes) < k > < blank > G
M
k
3. Enter value c
m m
(0.10 klx = 100 lx) < 0.10 > μ μ
n
Finally clear unused inputs p
f
(i.e. manually clear cells C24:C424) a

All of A, D65, E, FL11, LED-B3 have a range 380 nm to 780 nm, and step 1 nm 7
 Inputs – Dealing with Error Messages

• Check whether there is red text under ‘Error messages’.

• In case of (red) error messages, follow instructions relating to
the input/cell (usually highlighted with a red asterisk).
• If not, please go to the next page of the User Guide (Output
Results).
NOTE Use a comma or a dot as your decimal separator based on
your Excel settings.

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 Outputs – What results are provided?

Basic quantities
irradiance, illuminance and log photon irradiance

α-opic irradiance
(in Wm-2)

α-opic ELR
efficacy of luminous radiation, (in mW.lm-1)

α-opic EDI
equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance, (in lx)

α-opic photon irradiance

(in s-1m-2)
Each value is presented as the logarithm to base 10 (log10)
of the α-opic photon irradiance, Q, divided by 1 s-1m-2
(log10 can also be written lg).
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 Outputs – Basic quantities

irradiance
(in Wm-2)

illuminance
(in lx)

photon irradiance
(in s-1m-2 and presented as a logarithm)

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 Outputs – α-opic irradiance

Eα (in Wm-2)
"effective photobiological irradiance
with the spectral irradiance, Ee,λ(λ),
spectrally weighted with the α-opic
action spectrum sα(λ)"

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 Example calculation – Melanopic irradiance
spectral irradiance, mW/m2/nm melanopic action spectrum
1.4 1.2
1.2 1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
380 460 540 620 700 780 380 460 540 620 700 780

wavelength (nm) wavelength (nm)

melanopic spectral irradiance, mW/m2/nm

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
380 460 540 620 700 780

wavelength (nm) 12
 Outputs – α-opic ELR

ELR = Efficacy of Ev
Luminous Eα
Radiation

Kα,v = Eα / Ev

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 Outputs – α-opic EDI

EDI = Equivalent
Daylight (D65)
Illuminance
"illuminance, produced by radiation conforming
to standard daylight (D65), that provides
an equal α-opic irradiance as the test source"

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 Outputs – α-opic EDI calculation method

EDI = Equivalent Ev,α = Eα / Kα,v

D65 D65

Daylight (D65)
Illuminance since Kα,v = Eα / Ev
"illuminance, produced by radiation conforming

Kα,v are five fixed values

to standard daylight (D65), that provides D65
an equal α-opic irradiance as the test source"

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 Example calculation – Melanopic equivalent
daylight (D65) illuminance
spectral irradiance, mW/m2/nm melanopic action spectrum
1.4 1.2
1.2 1.0
1.0
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
380 460 540 620 700 780 380 460 540 620 700 780

wavelength (nm) wavelength (nm)

melanopic spectral irradiance, mW/m2/nm

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
380 460 540 620 700 780

wavelength (nm) = melanopic EDI 16

Example calculations – Summary

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 Outputs – α-opic photon irradiance

Ep,α (in s-1m-2)

"effective photobiological photon irradiance
with the spectral photon irradiance, Ep,λ(λ)
(or number of photons per second per
square metre), spectrally weighted with
the α-opic action spectrum sp,α(λ)"
Each value is presented as the logarithm to base 10 (log10) of the
α-opic photon irradiance, Q, divided by 1 s-1m-2.

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Photon irradiance in standard notation

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 Inputs – User-defined spectrum (1) User
A
D65
E
FL11
LED-B3
Example for user spectra
First enter a title
photon radiance
< User defined spectrum 001 > photon irradiance
radiance
1. Select ‘User’ from list irradiance
luminance *
< User > Illuminance *

2. Select spectral quantity

(4 options*) < irradiance > E
P
and units T
G
(SI prefixes) <μ><c> M
k

* luminance and illuminance are not m c

μ m
supported as spectral inputs n μ
p
f
a

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 Inputs – User-defined spectrum (2)
2. Select spectral quantity
(4 options) < irradiance >
and units
(SI prefixes) <μ><c>

The spectral quantity,

3. Clear this input units and the resolution
of the spectral data in
step 5 depend on steps
2 and 4, as indicated by
4. Enter resolution the arrows.
(1 nm, 2 nm, 4 nm or 5 nm) <2>

5. Enter spectral data

(380 nm to 780 nm)

Finally clear any data below

the row for 780 nm.
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 Charts – Spectra and α-opic weightings
0.1 klx

Test = The selected

input spectrum

0.1 klx
Matched to Test
source inputs

Ref. = The reference

spectrum

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 Glossary (see References, page 29, for further information)
List of quantities, abbreviations and symbols
Previously published (CIE DIS 017:2016; CIE 018:2019)
Ev = (photopic) illuminance; Lv = (photopic) luminance
E = Ee = irradiance (i.e. unweighted); L = Le = radiance (i.e. unweighted)
Ep = photon irradiance (i.e. unweighted); Lp = photon radiance (i.e. unweighted)
From CIE S 026:2018
α-opic (α) may represent any one of S-cone-opic (sc), M-cone-opic (mc), L-cone-opic (lc), rhodopic (rh) and melanopic (mel)
sα(λ) = se,α(λ) = α-opic spectral weighting function (action spectrum)
Kα,v = α-opic efficacy of luminous radiation, α-opic ELR
KD65α,v = α-opic ELR for daylight (D65)
γD65α,v = α-opic daylight (D65) efficacy ratio, α-opic DER
Eα = Ee,α = α-opic irradiance (i.e. weighted by sα(λ))
ED65v,α = α-opic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance, α-opic EDI
Lα = Le,α = α-opic radiance (i.e. weighted by sα(λ))
LD65v,α = α-opic equivalent daylight (D65) luminance, α-opic EDL
From CIE S 026:2018 and 9th edition of SI Brochure
sp,α(λ) = α-opic spectral weighting function (action spectrum) in the photon system (renormalised to maximum of 1)
Ep,α = α-opic photon irradiance (i.e. weighted by sp,α(λ))
Lp,α = α-opic photon radiance (i.e. weighted by sp,α(λ))
Further α-opic quantities and their symbols can be derived, e.g. α-opic equivalent daylight (D65) luminous flux, ΦD65v,α.
However, any other abbreviations, e.g. "α-opic EDLF" may be ambiguous, and should be avoided.
Due to prior publications, the subscript order for ELR and DER differs from α-opic equivalent daylight (D65) quantities. 23
Advanced Outputs – Output mode selection

“Lucas et al., 2014” mode

Provided for checking
old calculations only

Reverts to non-standard terminology

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 Advanced Outputs – Daylight efficacy ratio (DER)
“α-opic daylight (D65) efficacy ratio, <for a source>”
D65 D65
γα,v where γα,v = Kα,v / Kα,v
D65

Converts illuminance, Ev , to α-opic EDI:

D65
Ev,α = Ev . γα,v
D65

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 Advanced Outputs – Reference source values
Reference source values are shown
matched to the input for the test source
Reference source (automatic) =
Daylight (D65) for CIE S 026 mode
Equi-energy (E) for Lucas et al., 2014 mode

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 Advanced Outputs – Output prefix options
The user can choose the output prefixes that determine the units used in the output fields below.

Area prefixes are OK for

luminance, e.g. cd.mm-2,
but are not a valid option
for illuminance, lx.

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 IT-related issues and features
1. The -opic Toolbox is deliberately designed without macros or range names, meaning that it can be
integrated with other spreadsheets (including your own macros if you should wish).
2. So if you have trouble pasting spectral data into Inputs (reported on some platforms), try adding a
blank sheet for pasting and link the Inputs to the cells containing your data on this new sheet.
3. Excel expects you to enter numerical data using the regional number format settings on your
system. This applies to how you write numbers with decimals, for example “0,1” vs “0.1”.
4. Unused cells should be cleared of all contents, including those in the spectral data (Inputs, cells
C24:C424). The error messages in red text should alert you to when this has not been completed.
5. The SI prefix dropdown boxes temporarily interpret “m” as “M”. However, provided you choose the
option you want, this has no further impact, and the calculations will always match the case of the
prefix as shown on the Inputs sheet (and Advanced Output sheet) after entry.
6. The Chart titles’ units are linked to cells H10:H11 of the Advanced Outputs sheet; the y-axis and the
Chart y-axes’ units are linked to cells C12:C13 of the Inputs sheet.
7. Always subject your calculations to sense-checking and manual spot-checking, based on the data
and definitions in CIE S 026:2018. Please avoid re-using a user-modified Toolbox (see 1.-2. above).
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 References

BIPM, 2019. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures: The International System of Units (SI), 9th
edition. BIPM, Sèvres.
CIE, 2011. CIE S 017:2011. ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary. CIE, Vienna.
CIE, 2016. CIE DIS 017:2016. ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary, 2nd edition. CIE, Vienna.
CIE, 2018a. CIE 015:2018. Colorimetry, 4th edition. CIE, Vienna.
CIE, 2018b. CIE S 026:2018. System for Metrology of Optical Radiation for ipRGC-Influenced Responses
to Light. CIE, Vienna.
CIE, 2019. CIE 018:2019 The Basis of Physical Photometry, 3rd edition. CIE, Vienna.
Lucas, R.J., Peirson, S.N., Berson, D.M., Brown, T.M., Cooper, H.M., Czeisler, C.A., Figueiro, M.G.,
Gamlin, P.D., Lockley, S.W., O’Hagan, J.B., Price, L.L., Provencio, I., Skene, D.J. & G.C. Brainard, 2014.
Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age. Trends in neurosciences, 37(1), 1-9.

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