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Physics Project

The document is a physics project report on a half wave rectifier submitted by Veer Pratap Singh for the academic year 2024-25. It includes sections such as the aim, introduction, theory, experiment, observations, results, conclusion, precautions, and bibliography. The project highlights the construction, functioning, and limitations of a half wave rectifier, along with experimental findings and calculations of average current.

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veerpraisesingh
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13 views22 pages

Physics Project

The document is a physics project report on a half wave rectifier submitted by Veer Pratap Singh for the academic year 2024-25. It includes sections such as the aim, introduction, theory, experiment, observations, results, conclusion, precautions, and bibliography. The project highlights the construction, functioning, and limitations of a half wave rectifier, along with experimental findings and calculations of average current.

Uploaded by

veerpraisesingh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA,

Sector-5,Dwarka, NEW DELHI

PHYSICS PROJECT
2024-25
A PROJECT ON-
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER
Submitted by:
Name- Veer Pratap Singh
Class: XII A
Submitted to: Mrs. Divisha Pandey (PGT
Physics)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Certificate
• Declaration
• Acknowledgement
• Aim of project
• Introduction
• Theory
• Experiment
• Observation table
• Result
• Conclusion
• Precautions
• Bibliography
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA
SECTOR-5, DWARKA
Certificate
This is to certify that VEER PRATAP
SINGH student of class XIIth has
successfully prepared the report on the
project entitled “half wave rectifier”
Under the guidance of Mrs. Divisha
Pandey
The report is the result of his efforts and
endeavours.
The report is found worthy of
acceptance as final project report for
the subject physics of class XIIth

Sign. of teacher Sign


of Principal
Sign. of external examiner.

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project


work entitled
“Half wave rectifier”
Submitted to department of
physics. Kendriya Vidyalaya sector
– 5, Dwarka is prepared by me.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express a deep sense


of thanks and gratitude my project
guide Mrs. Divisha Pandey Mam for
guiding me immensely through the
course of the project. He always
evinced keen interest in my project.
His constructive advice and constant
motivation have been responsible for
the successful completion of this
project.
My sincere thanks goes to our
principal sir for his co-ordination in
extending every possible support for
the completion of this project.
I must thanks to my classmates for
their timely help and support for
completion of this project.
Last but not least, I would like to
thank all those who had helped
directly or indirectly towards the
completion of this project.

INTRODUCTION
A rectifier is a simple diode or group of
diodes which converts the A.C. into
D.C.
We know that a diode allows electric
current in one direction and blocks
electric current in another direction.
We are using the principle to construct
various types of rectifiers.
Rectifiers are classified into different
types based on the number of diodes
used in the circuit or arrangement of
diodes in the circuit. The basic types of
rectifiers are: Half wave rectifier, full
wave rectifier and bridge rectifier.

A Half wave rectifier is a type of


rectifier which converts the positive
half cycle (positive current) of the
input signal into pulsating DC
output signal. The half wave
rectifier is the simplest form of the
rectifier, We only use a single diode
to construct a half wave rectifier.

The hald wave rectifier is made up


of an AC source, transformer (step-
down), diode, and resistor (load).
The diode is placed between the
transformers and resistors (load).
THEORY
The half wave rectifier circuit is made by
using a semiconductor diode (D) with a load
resistance RL. The diode is connected in
series with the secondary of the
transformer is being connected to the AC
supply mains.
The AC voltage across the secondary
winding changes polarities after every half
cycle of input wave. During the positive half
cycles of the input AC voltage i.e. , when
upper end of the secondary winding is
positive with respect to its lower end, the
diode is forward based and therefore
conducts current. If the forward resistance
of the diode is assumed to be zero (in
practice, however a small resistance exists)
the input voltage during the positive half
cycles is directly applied to the load
resistance RL, making its upper hand end
positive with respect to its lower end.
The waveforms of the output current and
output voltage are of the same shape as
that of the input ac voltage.
During the negative high cycles of the input
ac voltage i.e., when the lower end of the
secondary winding is positive with respect
to its upper end, the diode is reverse
biased and so does not conduct. Thus,
during the negative half-cycles of the input
ac voltage, the current through and voltage
across the load remains zero. The reverse
current, being very small in magnitude, is
neglected. Thus, for the negative half-
cycles no power is delivered to the load.
Thus, the output voltage (VL) developed
across load resistance RL is a series of
positive half-cycles of alternating voltage,
with intervening very small constant
negative high voltage levels. It is obvious
from the figure that the output is not a
steady DC, but only a pulsating DC wave. To
make the output wave smooth and useful in
a DC power supply, we must use a filter
across the load. Since, only half-cycles of
the input wave are used, it is called a half
wave rectifier.

Output of half wave rectifier is not a


constant DC voltage. In real life
applications, we need a power supply with
smooth wave forms. In other words, we
desire a DC power supply with constant
output voltage. A constant output voltage
from the DC power supply is very important
as it directly impacts the reliability of the
electronic devices we connect to the power
supply.
We can make the output of half wave
rectifier smooth by using a filter (a
capacitor filter or an inductor filter) across
the diode. In some cases a resistor-
capacitor coupled filter (RC) is also used.

EXPERIMENT
MEASUREMENT OF CURRENT
USING HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
AIM:-
To determine the current by
measuring voltage and
resistance using half wave
rectifier.
MATERIAL REQUIRED: -
•Diode
•Capacitor(50v)
•Voltmeter
•Resistance Box
•AC supply
•Wires for connection

PROCEDURE
• Take an AC supply and connect it
to switch.
• Connect the terminal part of the
AC terminal to the P part of the
diode using wire.
• Now connect the other part of the
AC terminal to the capacitor.
• Connect the n-part of the dipole
to the capacitor.
• Connect both ends of a capacitor
to the resistance box.
• Place a connection between
voltmeter and resistance box by
joining the terminals of voltmeter.
• Now power on the switch and find
out the resultant voltage by
changing the resistance box.
• Calculate the current by
measuring the mean voltage and
resistance using ohm’s law.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
OBSERVATION
Resistance (in Volt (in v)
ohm)
1 0.7
2 1.1
3 1.4
4 1.6
5 1.8

CALCULATIONS :-
Mean v = 0.7+1.1+1.4+1.6+1.8
5
Mean R = 1+2+3+4+5
5
Current I = Mean V/ Mean R
=1.32/3
=0.264 Ampere
Result :-

The average current produced by the


halfwave rectifier = 0.264 Ampere

CONCLUSION
A half wave rectifier is rarely used
in practice. It is never preferred
as the power supply of an audio
circuit because of the very high
ripple factor. High ripple factor
will result in noises in input audio
signal, which in turn will affect the
audio quality.

Advantage of a half wave rectifier


is only that it is cheap, simple and
easy to construct. It is cheap
because of the low number of
components involved. Simple
because of the straight
forwardness in circuit design.

Measuring the mean current flow


helps us to understand the
amount of AC current passed
through the circuit.

PRECAUTIONS
• Do not switch on the circuit
before checking whether it is
correct or not.
• The connection between
voltmeter and resistance box
should be made correctly.
• Connect all the wires properly,
loose connection may end up
in failure of circuit.
• Capacitor of less volt may be
connected to the diode.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.wikipedia.com
• Google images
• NCERT class 12 physics
• Comprehensive lab manual

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