Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of

the following questions.

1. Mr Brown claimed that he shot a group of men because they were poaching on his land.
A. conserveing B. protecting C. capturing D. hunting
2. The wonderful diversity of our region's wildlife is now coming under threat
A. variety B. direction C. sacrifice D. friendliness
3. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
A. protest B. protection C. production D. induction
4. Older people are especially vulnerable to cold temperatures even inside their homes
A. well-protected B. immune C. susceptible D. shielded
5. Some people predict the extinction of family life as we know it today.
A. reservation B. protection C. threat D. disappearance
6. Monarch butterflies are now an endangered species idue to declining numbers.
A. resistant B. dangerous C. threatened D. preserved
7. Many investment management companies have evolved from small entrepreneurial
organizations.
A. resolved B. involved C. revolted D. developed
8. Secondly, the wildlife has to compete with the surrounding agriculture for the habitat.
A. place of cooking B. place of traveling C. place of living D. place of working
9. It's very rare to find someone who combines such qualities.
A. in small numbers B. real C. authetic D. fake
10. He looks after the land as a private reserve for wildlife habitat, running marsupials and their
predators instead of cows.
A. money reserve B. booking reservation C. a protected area D. an
emergency fund
11. This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale.
A. dirt B. contamination C. protection D. damage
12. I don't know how it's possible for a person to disappear without trace.
A. vanish B. damage C. pollute D. destroye
13. Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country?
A. destruction B. contamination C. fertilizer D. variety
14. Most of the old part of the city was destroyed by bombs during the war.
A. changed B. increased C. installed D. damaged
15. New particles are formed in the polluted air of major cities.
A. contaminated B. disappeared C. purified D. endangered
16. An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane.
A. dealt with B. hidden C. taken place D. checked in
17. When resources become depleted the base camp is moved to a new location, enabling the
group to exploit a new foraging territory.
A. enlarged B. exhausted C. increased D. expanded
18. Our communication environment has changed drastically in the last 10 years.
A. extremely B. slightly C. moderately D. completely
19. In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.
A. come up B. take in C. drop by D. take up
20. They pulled down the warehouse to build a new supermarket.
A. renovated B. purchased C. maintained D. demolished
Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of
the following questions.
1. These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions.
A. remain alive B. persist C. get through D. lose their
lives
2. Certain chemicals have been banned because they are damaging the environment.
A. prohibited B. destructed C. devastated D. hunted
3. There are severe penalties for failing to declare all your income to the Inland Revenue.
A. alarming B. grave C. dreadful D. mild
4. There is abundant evidence that cars have a harmful effect on the environment.
A. plentiful B. lavish C. bountiful D. scarce
5. All visitors are kept out of the conservation area.
A. prevented from entering B. prevented from destroying
C. allowed to enter D. allowed to take photos
6. It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century.
A. come in B. run short C. run away D. remain intact
7. It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing.
 A. keep secret B. find C. share D. arrive at
8. In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in.
A. participate B. leave C. take part D. enjoy
9. Many people decided to give up eating meat and become vegetarians.
A. cut up B. put up C. continue D. use up
10. Let's clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin.
A. mess up B. clear away C. tidy D. clean off
11. These audio-visual methods have the added advantage of being independent of the
availability of the system.
A. benefit B. drawback C. characteristic D. danger
12. Releasing too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere can lead to global warming.
A. eventuate in B. result from C. take off D. take in
13. The delays in the schedule proved very costly.
A. cheap B. inexpensive C. infinite D. Both A and B are
correct
14. We should grow more trees so that they can absorb more carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere.
A. emit B. affect C. consume D. improve
15. The factory was fined for having dumped a huge amount of rubbish in to the river.
A. penalized B. levied C. compensated D. punished
16. The cancer treatment has some unfortunate side effects.
A. deadly B. disastrous C. lucky D. bad
17. These virus infections display obvious visual symptoms.
A. clear B. visible C. ambiguous D. apparent
18. The typhoon devastated a large section of the east coast.
A. built B. demolish C. destroy D. wreck
19. Climate change will severely affect many countries in coming decades.
A. heavily B. dangerously C. badly D. mildly
20 They have made maximum use of the natural resources available.
A. high B. minimum C. average D. top
Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. _______ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they
interact with their environment
A. Biology B. Biological C. Biologist D. Biologically
2. A/ an ________ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangered D. endangerment
3. Besides, several programmes should be ______ that spreads the world of the conservation of
the elephants in the public.
A. told B. used C. operated D. introduced
4. Cheetah's tail is _______ during fast running, because it balances the animal and allows fast
and sudden turns which happen often when the prey tries to escape.
A. essential B. basic C. adequate D. sufficient
5. People should be told about the things that threaten the safety of ______ so that they can avoid
doing them.
A. the wild B. wildness C. wild life D. wildlife
6. We need to preserve the ________ of wildlife because each species has an important role to
play.
A. diversity B. atmosphere C. population D. nuclear
7. The energy __________ by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps.
A. that is producing B. which produces C. producing D. produced
8. Coal burning ________ a large amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. decreases B. reduces C. relaxes D. releases
9. Methane is a far more active ________ than carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less
abundant in the atmosphere.
A. greenhouse damage B. danger area C. greenhouse gas D. greenhouse
effect
10. The local authorities were blamed ______ignored the pollution issues in the area
A. About having B. on having C. for having D. before having
11. Toxic waste is an example of a ___________.
A. pollutant B. polluted C. pollution D.
unpolluted
12. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient ____ to and investment in its
conservation.
A. interest B. attention C. care D. treatment
13. Loss of habitat and increased commercial hunt ________ the number of chimpanzees from 2
million to 300,000 individuals.
A. reduced B. lessened C. weakened D. limited
14. The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife
_______.
A. prosperous B. prefect C. vulnerable D. remained
15. It’s important for the developed countries to reduce energy __________ as much as possible.
A. exhaustion B. destruction C. consumption D. waste
16. _______ is the protection of environment and natural resources.
A. Survival B. Commerce C. Conservation D. Extinction
17. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain
legal _______.
A. protect B. protection C. protective D. protector
18. Probability of extinction depends _______ both the population size and fine details of the
population demography.
A. on B. in C. from D. for
19. Many modern medicines are derived _________ plants and animals.
A. on B. for C. from D. in
20. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to
the ________ of extinction.
A. wall B. fence C. verge D. bridge
21. Saving _________ species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of
our children.
A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangering D. endangered
22. Our sources of energy will soon be __________ if we don't save them.
A. exhaust B. exhausted C. exhaustedly D. exhaustion
23. They started a campaign to ___________ smoking among teenagers.
A. encourage B. decrease C. discourage D. prohibit
24. People are destroying the environment by adding ___________to it.
A. pollutes B. pollutions C. polluting D. pollutants
25. It is high time we had to ________ some measures to protect endangered animals.
A. take B. bring C. hold D. use
26. Many ________ groups now support putting a value on ecosystems.
A. conserve B. conservative C. conservation D.
conservatism
27.15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered ______
risk ______ extinction.
A. at / of B. on / in C. for / with D. in / at
28. Internationally, 189 countries have signed ________ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity
Action Plans to protect endangered and other threatened species.
A. а B. an C. the D. Ø
29. The giant panda's natural ________ is the bamboo forest. Giant pandas like to eat bamboo
leaves.
A. habitat B. conservation C. evolution D. biodiversity
30. Clearing forests for timber has led ________ the loss of biodiversity
A. with B. at C. to D. for
31. Many species are now ________ danger of being extinct as a result of deforestation and
habitat loss.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
32. The rainforests around the world are ________ threat of deforestation.
A. in B. by C. under D. on
33. To solve the problems of pollution, it is important to identify the ________ of it.
A. reasons B. purpose C. causes D. facts
("cause(s)” mang nghĩa “nguyên nhân, tác nhân”)
34. The rivers in the local area are heavily polluted _______ wastes released from nearby
factories.
A. from B. with C. of D. in
35. Animal _______ are being destroyed by human activities.
A. places B. habitats C. shelter D. accommodation
36. Global warming is among many factors that drive many species of animals to the _______ of
extinction.
A. verge B. period C. corner D. bottom
37. The loss of biodiversity has a serious ________ on the survival of wildlife and humans.
A. affect B. problem C. impact D. influential
38. The success of wildlife preservation depends largely _________ people's awareness.
A. with B. of C. upon D. by
39. Humans should try to maintain biodiversity as they _________ a lot from it.
A. achieve B. keep C. benefit D. attain
40. Many of our medicines are derived _________ animals and plants.
A. of B. from C. by D. to
41. Forests _________ humans with many valuable things.
A. give B. provide C. award D. bring
42. Many measures have been taken to _________ people's awareness of conservation.
A. increase B. rise C. promote D. raise
43. More wildlife _________ need to be built to save animals from extinction.
A. zoos B. parks C. reserves D. regions
44. Global warming can _________ the ecological balance, bringing about terrible
consequences.
A. destroy B. upset C. converse D. injure
45. When can all animals be _________ from disappearance?
A. protected B. covered C. rescued D. poached
46. In regions of volcanoes, houses should be built with _________ materials.
A. destroyed B. destructible C. indestructible D. destroying
47. Toxic chemicals from factories are seriously _________
A. contaminate B. contamination C. contaminated D. contaminating
48. It has been proven that humans and animals are _________ and that one's existence must be
closely linked with that of the other.
A. interdependent B. independent C. dependable có thể tin cậy được D.
dependent (A) , (n) ng sống dựa vaof ng khác
49. _________ are trying to put a stop to the destruction of forests.
A. Conservation B. Conservationists C. Conserve D. Conservatives
50. Conservation is a challenging job but we cannot _________
A. give it on B. give it up C. put it on D. take it up
51. _________ of his job as a forester is to take care of these trees.
A. Part B. Half C. Most D. All
52. What needs to be done to save the animals that are _________ to extinction?
A. going B. nearly C. next D. close
53. ____ is one of the causes of the extinction of the rhinos.
A. Losing habitat B. Habitat losing C. Lost of habitat D. Habitat loss
54. Powdered rhino horn is said to be able to _________ people of their fever.
A. treat B. cure C. save D. rescue
55. There is a decline _________ the number of all these endangered species.
A. on B. by C. in D. with
56. A lot of _________ have been taken to reduce global warming and its consequences.
A. ways B. methods C. rules D. solutions
57. People think they can make a _________ with rhino horns.
A. fortune B. wealth C. property D. riches
58. Jack has decided to _________ the time he spends watching television, thinking he can
contribute to reducing global warming effects.
A. run out of B. cut down on C. go in for Tham gia một cuộc thi
D. come up with
59. Ecotourism is distinguished by its emphasis on conservation, education, traveler _________
and active community participation.
A. responsible B. irresponsible C. responsibility D. irresponsibility
60. Peru's Bahuaja Sonene National Park, a remarkable protected area, is home _________ 174
species of mammals, including rare animals.
A. of B. for C. to D. at
61. _________ you to the job, he felt calm.
A. Appointed B. Appoint C. Having appointed D. To appoint
62. _________ so much, the doll is still on the shelf.
A. Cost B. Costs C. to cost D. Costing
63. _________ at by everyone, he was disappointed.
A. laughed B. laugh C. laughing D. In laugh
64. _________ anxious to please us, they told us all we wanted to know.
A. Be B. To be C. Being D. In being
65. Weather_________, we will start tomorrow.
A. permits B. will permit C. is permitting D. permitting
66. Dinner_________ over, they returned home.
A. being B. be C. is D. was
67. Since_________ his new business, Bob has been working 16 hours a day.
A. open B. opening C. opened D. of opening
68. After _________ the fight, the police arrested two men and a woman.
A. stopping B. stop C. to stop D. stopped
69. _________ one hand on the steering wheel, Ann opened a can of soda pop with her free
hand.
A. To keep B. Keep C. In keeping D. Keeping
70. When _________ to explain his mistake, the new employee cleared his throat nervously.
A. asking B. asked C. to be asked D. to be asking
71. _________ their work, they went home.
A. Finishing B. Having finished C. had finished D. Finished
72. The girl_______ behind you is naughty.
A. stands B. stood C. is standing D. standing
73. _______ their farm work, the farmers returned home.
A. Finishing B. Finish C. Having finished D. Being finished
74. _______by the visitor, the clavichord could not be used.
A. Broken B. Break C. Breaking D. Broke
75. After_______ dinner, I watch television.
A. eat B. eating C. eaten D. ate

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following sentences.
1. As emissions increase, it trap more heat in the atmosphere, leading to a period of
unprecedented warming.
A B C D
2. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the average temperature has raised by about 0.8°C
and this has far-
A B C
reaching consequences.
D
3. It is claimed by scientists that climate change will affect the frequency and tension of extreme
events.
A B C D
4. Global warming is a global emergency although it has caused abnormal climate change.
A B C D
5. In late October of 2012, the U.S. was struck by a devastated Atlantic storm in Hurricane
Sandy, which was
A B
the deadliest and costliest to hit there that year.
C D

ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME
We are probably all guilty at some point in our lives of not caring for the environment as much
as we should. Perhaps we drop litter without thinking, or cause (1) ________ by using our cars
when it’s not necessary. However, the real environmental (2)_________ are those big businesses
which ignore the law. For many years now, (3) __________have attempted to protect the
environment by making businesses responsible for making sure that the chemical they use don’t
add to the (4) __________of the environment. The problem for businesses is that the (5)
__________of the environment costs money, and businesses will always try to lower their costs
if they can
1. A. damage B. pollution C. accidents D. trouble
2. A. agents B. crimes C. criminals D. doers
3. A. politicians B. politics C. parties D. residents
4. A. induction B. construction C. instruction D. destruction
5. A. production B. protection C. destruction D. deforestation

El Niño and La Niña

Typically, Pacific trade winds blow from east to west, transporting warm surface waters
westward, east of Indonesia and northeast of Australia. Thus, the water maintains a cold
temperature for much of the year. This is achieved by an upwelling of cold deep ocean-water,
which benefits fisheries in the Pacific Ocean lying near the equator. However, these trade winds
sometimes lose or gain strength in the Northern Hemisphere. This leads to an effect known as the
Southern Oscillation which refers to the two recurring weather patterns of El Niño and La Niña.
El Niño, meaning the "boy," is the phenomenon that results in the temperature of the sea
surface off the coast of Peru increasing. This condition typically lasts for at least six months.
Thus, there is a reduction in dissolved oxygen in the ocean so marine life declines devastating
fisheries. It also fuels major differences in air pressure near the Pacific Ocean, which in turn
leads to more severe weather events including droughts, increased precipitation, flooding, and
even cyclonic storms like hurricanes. Usually, the eastern Pacific region has an upswing in heavy
rains to cause flooding, and in contrast, Australia and Indonesia have droughts, often with
accompanying forest fires. These two opposing weather events hurt agriculture. For instance, the
1982 – 1983 El Niño, recognized as the worst weather event of the century, hit hard in the U.S.
by dropping huge amounts of rainfall on the southern California coast, which resulted in millions
of dollars of damage while necessitating the evacuation of 10,000 people.
1. The word "upwelling" in the passage most likely means ____.
A. climbing B. surging C. rising D. fluctuating
2. Which of the following is stated in paragraph 1?
A. Cold water is conducive to marine life and beneficial to the fishing industry.
B. El Niño and La Niña are yearly recurrences affecting the Earth's climate and weather
systems.
C. Some regions in Indonesia and Austria are often damaged by the Southern Oscillation.
D. Trade winds blow to the east across the Pacific ocean cooling ocean temperatures.
3. Why are droughts, increased precipitation, flooding, and even cyclonic storms mentioned?
A. To compare the damage in the eastern and western Pacific regions
B. To name some of the devastating results of El Niño
C. To contrast the power between El Niño and La Niña
D. To show that there are worse outcomes compared to a difference in air pressure
4. The word "fuels" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. decreases B. increases C. supplies D. distinguishes
5. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that ____.
A. one El Niño event can be expected to last at least half a year
B. Pacific trade winds that cause El Niño are weaker than ones that cause La Niña
C. El Niño is caused by a rise in water temperatures off Peru's shores
D. marine life is affected by lowered oceanic oxygen levels