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4IEC2_Unit-2_Cells_part1

The document covers the foundational concepts of cell structure, highlighting the differences between eukaryotic (plant and animal) and prokaryotic (bacterial) cells. It discusses the functions of various cell structures, including the cell wall, membrane, nucleus, and organelles, as well as the importance of cell division for growth and repair. Additionally, it includes a comparison of structural features between plant, animal, and bacterial cells.

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4 views

4IEC2_Unit-2_Cells_part1

The document covers the foundational concepts of cell structure, highlighting the differences between eukaryotic (plant and animal) and prokaryotic (bacterial) cells. It discusses the functions of various cell structures, including the cell wall, membrane, nucleus, and organelles, as well as the importance of cell division for growth and repair. Additionally, it includes a comparison of structural features between plant, animal, and bacterial cells.

Uploaded by

tizexx10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4IEC2 – Biology

2024-2025
Dos Santos
Unit 2 – Cells part 1
p.18-27 (Cambridge IGCSE® & 0 Level Essential Biology)
2024-2025
Dos Santos
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
Cells
The small building blocks that
make up all living organisms
How many cells does a
human contain ?

Between 10 So trillion
Foundational Concepts: Understanding Cell Structure
•Cells are separated from their environment by a ______________________.
Cell membrane
•Inside the cell membrane is the _________________.
Cytoplasm
•Eukaryotic cells have ________________
Organelles within their cytoplasm.
•________________
Organelles are compartments where specific cellular processes occur.

•"Eu" means "true" or "good" (eukaryotic cells).


•"Pro" means "before" (prokaryotic cells).
•"Karyon" means "nut" or "kernel," referring to the nucleus.

animal and ___________are eukaryotic.


•___________
plants Nucleus
•_______________
Bacteria are prokaryotic. No Nucleus
Plant and animal Cells
Plant Cells
Permanent
Cell wall
membrane

Nucleus
Animal Cells
Water Cytoplasm w membrane Mitochondria

8590 Vacuole Cytoplasm Mithochocton


Singular
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Small
Ribosomes Vacuole
Ribosomes
Venn Diagram Temporary

chloroplast membrane Temporary


cell Vanole

Ribosomes

wall Cytoplasm
cell mitochondrion
Vacuole
permanent Nudens

Plant Cell Animal Cell


Animal Cells
microscope ________________ microscope
________________
Electron
light
Light microscope vs electron microscope

When viewed under a microscope the structures are visible.


Ribosomes and mitochondria are too small to view under a light microscope but
are visible with the higher resolution of an electron microscope.
Plant Cells
Electron microscope

Light microscope
Light microscope vs electron microscope

When viewed under a microscope the structures are visible.


Ribosomes and mitochondria are too small to view under a light microscope but
are visible with the higher resolution of an electron microscope.
Bacterium
Look at the similarities and differences between
animal, plant cell and bacterium cell.

tellJaps
WaterSugars
Ions
-> Complete the table on the next slide by placing
ticks or crosses in the appropriate boxes.
Comparison of Structural Features Between Plant and Animal Cells
Feature Plant cell Animal cell Bacterium cell
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Regular shape
Chloroplasts
Y
Vacuole
Vacuole containing cell sap

Nucleus
Loop of DNA in cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Plasmids
Flagellum/Flagella
Functions of Cell Structures Group Work
15 minutes

• Cell Wall
• Cell Membrane
• Cytoplasm
In groups, make a short presentation/poster
about the function of one of the following cell • Nucleus
structures: • Vacuole/Vesicle
• Mitochondria
• Ribosome
• Chloroplast

Be ready to present your work to the class.


Bacterial Cell Structure
• Bacteria come in a variety of shapes and sizes but share key characteristics:
• Microscopic single-celled organisms
• Have a cell wall (made of peptidoglycan, not cellulose), cell membrane, cytoplasm,
and ribosomes
• Lack a nucleus; have a circular chromosome of DNA floating in the cytoplasm
• May have plasmids (small rings of DNA with extra genes)
• Lack mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other membrane-bound organelles found in
plant and animal cells
• Some have flagellum (singular) or flagella (plural) for movement

Examples of bacteria:
• Lactobacillus (rod-shaped, used in yoghurt production)
• Pneumococcus (spherical, causes pneumonia)
Structure Function

Cell wall Stops cells from bursting when they ll with water
Gives shape to cells
Cell membrane Forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Keeps contents of cell inside / goods cells together
Controls which substances enter or leave the cell
Chloroplasts
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll that absorbs
light energy for photosynthesis
Sap vacuole
Full of water to maintain shape and rmness of cell
Stores light and sugars
Nucleus Control all activities in the cell
Controls how the cell develops
Cytoplasm Place where many chemical reactions take place

Mitochondria Release energy during aerobic respiration

Ribosomes Make protein for the cell / site of protein synthesis


Producing New Cells
• The cells need to be able to divide

• To help your body grow and repair

• Cells grow and divide repeatedly

-> New cells are produced by the


Division
____________
Division of existing cells

Proliferation Division Growth


Next lesson we will speak
about specialized cells..
Lymphocytes Melanoma cells

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