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BRS-2Practical Application of Sets

The document provides a detailed explanation of set theory concepts, specifically focusing on the application of union and intersection formulas. It includes worked examples and exercises related to real-life scenarios involving sets, along with solutions to illustrate the concepts. Additionally, it presents case-based questions to further test understanding of the material.

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12 views

BRS-2Practical Application of Sets

The document provides a detailed explanation of set theory concepts, specifically focusing on the application of union and intersection formulas. It includes worked examples and exercises related to real-life scenarios involving sets, along with solutions to illustrate the concepts. Additionally, it presents case-based questions to further test understanding of the material.

Uploaded by

Anonymous HSXJ3qIAeF
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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-------------------------ASKING DOUBTS ARE YOUR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT-------------------

Board Revision Sheet-2


Strengthening your concept SET (CH-1)
maths by rupesh k jha...9864030380
www.infinity4maths.com...........7086055586
ASKING DOUBTS ARE YOUR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT,

TOPIC-SETS -2 Application of Union and Intersection Formula

Formula
(a) n ( A or B ) = n ( A  B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) − n ( A  B )
(b) n ( A and B ) = n ( A  B ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) − n ( A  B )
(c) n ( A or B or C ) = n ( A  B  C ) = n ( A ) + n ( B ) + n ( C ) − n ( A  B ) − n ( B  C )

−n ( C  A ) + n ( A  B  C )

Worked Example
Q1. In a survey of 600 students in a school, 150 students were found to be taking tea and 225 taking coffee,
100 were taking both tea and coffee. Find how many students were taking neither tea nor coffee?
Sol. Let C and T denote the set of students taking coffee and tea respectively.
Then, n(T) = 150, n(C) = 225, n( T  C ) = 100, n( T  C ) = ?
Using n(A  B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A  B) , we get:
n(T  C) = 150 + 225 − 100
 n(T  C) = 275 .
 n(T  C) = 600 − 275 = 325 .
So, 325 students were taking neither tea nor coffee.

Q2. In a survey of 60 people, it was found that 25 people read newspaper H, 26 read newspaper T, 26 read
newspaper I, 9 read both H and I, 11 read both H and T, 8 read both T and I, 3 read all three newspapers. Find
the number of people who read:
(i) at least one of the newspapers.
(ii) exactly one newspaper.
Sol. Let H, T and I denote the set of people reading the
newspaper H, T and I respectively.
Consider the Venn diagram shown.
We have n(H) = a + b + d + e = 25,
n(T) = b + c + e + f = 26,
n(I) = d + e + f + g = 26,
n(H  I) = d + e = 9,
n(H  T) = b + e = 11,
n(T  I) = e + f = 8,
and n(H  T  I) = e = 3.
On solving all these equations simultaneously, we get:
a = 8, b = 8, c = 10, d = 6, e = 3, f = 5 and g = 12 .
(i) The no. of people who read at least one of the newspaper = a + b + c + d + e + f + g
= 8 + 8 + 10 + 6 + 3 + 5 + 12 = 52.
(ii) The no. of people who read exactly one newspaper = a + c + g
= 8 + 10 + 12 = 30.
Q3. A college awarded 38 medals in football, 15 in basketball and 20 in cricket. If these medals went to a total
of 58 men and only three men got medals in all the three sports, how many received medals in exactly two of
the three sports?
Sol. Let F, B and C denote the set of men who
received the medals in football, basketball and
cricket respectively.
Consider the Venn diagram shown.
We have n(F) = a + b + d + e = 38 …(i)
n(B) = b + c + e + f = 15 …(ii)
n(C) = d + e + f + g = 20 …(iii)
n(F  B  C) = a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 58 …(iv)
n(F  B  C) = e =3 …(v)
Now by (i) + (ii) + (iii) + (v) – (iv), we get:
(a + 2b + c + 2d + 4e + 2f + g) – (a + b + c + d + e + f + g) = (38 + 15 + 20 + 3) – 58
 b + d + 3e + f = 18
 b + d + f = 18 – 3 (3) [By using (v)
 b + d + f = 18 – 9
 b + d + f = 9.
Hence the number of men who received the medals in exactly two of the three sports is 9.

Exercise
Q1 There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 had been exposed to the chemical C1, 50 to
chemical C2 and 30 to both the chemical C1 and C2. Find the number of individuals exposed to
a) chemical C1 but not chemical C2
b) chemical C2 but not chemical C1
c) chemical C1 or chemical C2.
d) none of the chemicals.

Q2. If A and B are two sets such that n ( A − B ) = 14 + x , n ( B − A ) = 3x and n ( A  B ) = x , draw a


Venn diagram to illustrate the information. Also if n(A) = n(B) , then find the value of x.

Q3 Of the members of three athletic team in a certain school, 21 are in the Basketball team, 26 in the
Hockey team and 29 in the Football team. 14 play hockey and basketball, 15 play hockey and
football, 12 play football and basketball and 8 play all the three. How many members are there in all?

Q4. In a survey of 25 students, it was found that 15 had taken Mathematics, 12 had taken Physics and
11 had taken Chemistry, 5 had taken Mathematics and Chemistry, 9 had taken Mathematics and Physics,
4 had taken Physics and Chemistry, and 3 had taken all the three subjects. Find the number of students
that had
(a) only Chemistry
(b) only Mathematics
(c) only Physics
(d) Physics and Chemistry but not Mathematics
(e) Mathematics and Physics but not Chemistry
(f) only one of the subjects
(g) at least one of the three subjects
(h) none of the subjects

Q5 In a university out of 100 teachers, 15 like reading newspapers only, 12 like learning computers only
and 8 like watching movies only on TV in the spare time. 40 like reading news papers and watching
movies, 20 like learning computer and watching movies, 10 like reading news paper and learning
computer, 65 like watching movies. Draw a Venn diagram and show the various portions and hence evaluate
the numbers of teachers who:
i) like reading newspapers
ii) like learning computers
iii) did not like to do any of the things mentioned above

Q6 Two sets A and B are such that n(A  B) = 21, n(A  B) = 9, n(A  B) = 7 , find n(A  B) .

CASE BASED
1. The sum of cardinal numbers of two finite sets A and B is 9. The ratio of cardinal number
of subsets of A is to cardinal number of subsets of B is 8 : 1.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Find the Cardinal number of set A
(ii) Find the Cardinal number of set B is
(iii) Find the maximum value of n(A ∪ B) is
(iv) Find the minimum value of n (A ∪ B) is
(v) If B ⊂ A , then find n(A ∩ B ) is
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 9
(vi) If B ⊂ A , then find n (A∪B) is

Q1. 90, 20, 140, 60 2)x=7 3)43 Q4). 5, 4, 2, 1, 6, 11, 23, 2

Q5). 62, 39, 1 Q6)23 Q7)(i)6 (ii)3 (iii)9 (iv)6 (v)3 (vi)6

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