ATENEO MUNICIPAL  Trained the character of students through rigid

 A college under the supervision of the Spanish discipline and religious instruction.
Jesuits.  Promoted physical culture, humanities, and
scientific studies.
 Formerly known as Escuela Pia, a charity school
for poor boys in Manila established by the city  Offered vocational courses in agriculture,
government in 1817. commerce, mechanics, and surveying, aside
from academic courses leading to a BA.
TRIUMPHS
 Provided splendid professors.
 Ateneo Municipal
 Acquired prestige as an excellent college for
 San Juan de Letran College - Dominican owned
boys.
college and a rival of Ateneo de Manila
TWO GROUPS OF STUDENTS
RIZAL ENTERS ATENEO (JUNE 10, 1872)
 Roman Empire (internos/boarders) - Red Flag
 Jose, accompanied by Paciano, went to Manila.
 Carthaginian Empire (externos/non-boarders) -
 Jose took and passed the examination in the
Blue Flag
College of San Juan de Letran but enrolled in
Ateneo. RANKS IN EACH GROUP
FATHER MAGIN FERRANDO Best: Emperor
College registrar who initially refused to admit 2nd Best: Tribune
Jose Rizal because:
3rd Best: Decurion
 He was late for registration.
4th Best: Centurion
 He was sickly and undersized for his age.
5th Best: Standard Bearer
MANUEL XEREZ BURGOS
RAYADILLO
 Nephew of Father Burgos, whose intercession
 Official uniform of Ateneo students in Rizal's
led to Jose's admission to Ateneo.
time.
RIZAL'S SURNAME
 Hemp-fabric trousers and striped cotton coat.
 Jose Rizal used the surname Rizal because
RIZAL'S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (JUNE
Mercado became under suspicion by the
1872-1873)
Spanish authorities.
 On his first day:
 Mercado was the surname used by Paciano.
 Rizal first heard mass at the college chapel and
LOCATION
prayed to God for guidance and success.
 At the time Jose studied in Ateneo, the college
 He saw a great number of boys (Spaniards,
was located in Intramuros, within the walls of
mestizos, and Filipinos).
Manila.
FATHER JOSE BECH
 He first boarded in a house outside Intramuros,
on Caraballo Street, a 25-minute walk from  First teacher of Rizal in Ateneo.
college. ACADEMICS
TITAY  Being a newcomer and knowing little Spanish,
 Owner of the boarding house where Rizal Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class.
boarded to settle a bill of about Php300.00.  He was an Externo, hence he belonged to the
JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN Carthaginians, occupying the end of the line.
ATENEO  After the first week, Rizal progressed rapidly.
 Reasons why the Jesuit System was advanced
compared to other colleges:
 At the end of the month, he was the brightest TEENAGE INTEREST IN READING
pupil in the whole class and was awarded a  As a normal teenager, Rizal became interested
prize.
in love stories and romantic novels.
 To improve his Spanish, Rizal took private
 Favorite Novels
lessons during the noon recess at Santa Isabel
College and paid Php 3.00.  The Count of Montecristo by Alexander Dumas
 In the second half of his first year, Rizal did not  Universal History by Cesar Cantus
try hard enough to retain his academic  Travels in the Philippines by Feodor Jagor
supremacy and placed second at the end of the
year, although all his grades were still marked THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-75)
Excellent.  Shortly after the opening of classes, his mother
SUMMER VACATION (1873) arrived and joyously told him that she was
released from prison.
 Rizal returned to Calamba for his vacation.
 He was happy to see his mother once more a
 Saturnina (Neneng) brought him to Tanawan. free woman.
 He went to Sta. Cruz to visit his mother and told  He only got 1 medal in his Latin subject, then in
her about his Excellency in Ateneo. March 1875, he returned to Calamba.
SECOND YEAR FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO (1875-76)
 When the summer vacation ended, Rizal June 14, 1875
returned to Manila for his second year term in
 Rizal became an internee in Ateneo.
Ateneo.
 He lived at Doa Pepay's house, an old landlady FATHER FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ
with a widowed daughter and four sons.  A great educator and scholar.
 At this time, Rizal boarded inside Intramuros at  Rizal's favorite teacher.
no.6 Magallanes St.
 He inspired young Rizal to study harder and to
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-74) write poetry.
 Nothing unusual happened to Rizal during his  Rizal won 5 medals and topped in all subjects
second term in Ateneo. and in March 1876, he returned to Calamba.
 He again became an emperor. LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876-77)
 He also received excellent grades in all subjects  Rizal excelled in all subjects.
and a gold medal.
 He finished his last year at Ateneo in a blaze of
 In March 1874, he returned to Calamba for his glory.
vacation.
 He obtained the highest grades in all subjects:
PROPHECY OF MOTHER'S RELEASE Philosophy, Physics, Biology, Chemistry,
 Rizal gladdened Doa Teodora's lonely heart Languages, etc.
when he visited her in the provincial jail. GRADUATION
 In the course of their conversation, Doa  Rizal became the pride of the Jesuits and he
Teodora told her son of her dream. obtained highest grades in all subjects.
 Rizal interpreted her dream that she would be  He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts with
released from prison. highest honors during commencement exercise
 Doa Teodora was released from jail after 3 in March 23, 1877.
months, just like Jose Rizal predicted.  He was 16 years old.
 Rizal was comparable to St. Joseph because of
his interpretation about his mother's release.
RIZAL'S EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES  Was the first one to discover Rizal's poetical
IN ATENEO talent.
 He was an emperor and a campus leader Fr. Sanchez
outside.
 Helped Rizal to develop his talent.
 Secretary of the Marian Congregation (religious
Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration)
society).
 Dedicated to Rizal's mother on her birthday.
 Member of the Academy of Spanish Literature.
POEMS WRITTEN IN 1875 (INSPIRED BY
 Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences.
FATHER SANCHEZ)
LEISURE  FELICITACION
 In his leisure hours: in Literary Rizal cultivated  EL EMBARQUE: HIMNO A LA FLOTA DE
his literary talents under the guidance of Fr. MAGALLANES
Sanchez.
 Y ES ESPAOL: ELCANO, EL PRIMERO EN DAR LA
FATHER JOSE VILACLARA VUELTA EL MUNDO
 Advised Rizal to stop communing with the  EL COMBATE: UZBIZTONDO, TERROR DE JOLO
muses but to pay more attention to practical
studies (Philosophy and Natural Sciences). POEMS WRITTEN IN 1876
FINE ARTS  LA TRAGEDIA DE SAN EUSTAQUIO
 Rizal studied painting under Agustin Saez, a  UN RECUERDO A MI PUEBLO
famous Spanish painter.  ALIANZA INTIMA ENTRE LA RELIGION Y LA
 Sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus, a Filipino BUENA EDUCACION
sculptor.  POR LA EDUCACION RECIBE LUSTRE LA PATRIA
 He engaged in gymnastics and fencing.  EL CAUTIVERIO Y EL TRIUNFO: BATALLA DE
SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO LUCENA Y PRISION DE BOABDILLA
 The Virgin Mary - he carved an image with  ENTRADA TRIUNFAL DE LOS REYES CATOLICOS
Batikuling (Phil. Hardwood) with his pocket EN GRANADA
knife. POEMS WRITTEN IN 1877
 Sacred Heart of Jesus - Father Lleonart  EL HEROISMO DE COLON
requested Rizal to carve this image.
 COLON Y JUAN II
ANECDOTES ON RIZAL THE ATENEAN
 GRAN CONSUELO EN LA MAYOR DESDICHA
Felix M. Roxas
 UN DIALOGO ALUSIVO A LA DESPEDID DE LOS
 One of Rizal's contemporaries in the Ateneo. COLEGIALES
 He revealed an incident of Rizal's school days in RIZAL'S POEMS ON EDUCATION
the Ateneo which reveals the hero's resignation
to pain and forgiveness.  Through Education Our Motherland Receives
Light
Manuel Xeres Burgos
 The Intimate Alliance between Religion and
 In whose house Rizal boarded shortly before he Good Education
became an internee in the Ateneo.
RIZAL'S POEMS ON RELIGION
 He illustrated Rizal's predilection to help the
helpless at the risk of his own life.  AL NIO JESUS - Rizal wrote this in 1875 when he
was 14 years old.
POEMS MADE BY RIZAL IN ATENEO
 A LA VIRGEN MARIA
Doa Teodora
 FIRST ROMANCE OF RIZAL UST AND ATENEO
Segunda Katigbak  UST was under the Dominicans, who were rivals
 A 14-year-old Batangueña from Lipa whom of the Jesuits in education. Rizal remained loyal
Rizal first fell in love with, but Segunda was to Ateneo, participating in extracurricular
already engaged to Manuel Luz. activities and completing a course in surveying
there.
Mariano Katigbak
ENROLLMENT IN PHILOSOPHY AND
 Brother of Segunda LETTERS (1877-1878)
LA CONCORDIA COLLEGE Reasons for choosing Philosophy & Letters:
 Where Segunda and Olimpia (Rizal's sister)  Don Francisco liked it.
studied.
 Uncertainty about which course to take.
 Jose Rizal remained in Calamba, a frustrated
 Failure to get advice from Father Ramon Pablo,
lover, cherishing nostalgic memories of a lost
Ateneo's Rector, who was in Mindanao at the
love.
time.
EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
SANTO TOMAS (1877-1882) RIZAL'S ENTRANCE TO THE UNIVERSITY
(APRIL 1877)
 Mother's Opposition vs. Family's Support
Reasons for enrolling in Philosophy and Letters:
 Rizal's mother initially opposed his pursuit of
 His father's preference.
higher education, fearing that increased
knowledge would lead to danger from the  Uncertainty about his future career.
Spaniards. However, Paciano and Don Francisco COURSES TAKEN (1877-1878)
encouraged Rizal to attend college.
 Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics,
BACHELOR OF ARTS DEGREE Theodicy, and History of Philosophy during his
 During the Spanish colonial era, a Bachelor of first year.
Arts degree was equivalent to a high school SHIFT TO MEDICAL COURSE (1878-1879)
diploma today.
 Advised by Ateneo's Rector to study medicine
GRADES CONVERSION to cure his mother's growing blindness.
EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN
ATENEO WHILE STUDYING AT UST
 President of the Academy of Spanish Literature
 Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences
 Secretary of the Marian Congregation
LITERARY CONTESTS
 Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila
 A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)
 El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the
FIRST YEAR GRADES (1877-1878) Gods)
In Philosophy and Letters: OTHER LITERARY WORKS
 Cosmology & Metaphysics: Sobresaliente  One-act play: Junto al Pasig
 Theodicy: Sobresaliente Poems:
 History of Philosophy: Sobresaliente  Abd el-Aziz y Mohama
 Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon
 MEDICAL STUDIES AT UST  Indio/chongo vs kastila/bangus: Bitter hostility
existed due to racial animosity.
Reasons for Shifting to Medicine
 Compaerismo (The Comradeship): A secret
 Don Pablo Ramon's advice.
society of Filipino Students inspired by
 To cure his mother's growing blindness. Alexander Dumas' Three Musketeers and Les
SCHOLASTIC RECORDS (1878-1882) Compagnons de Jehu. Rizal was the president,
and Galiciano Apacible was the secretary.
1st Year Medicine (1878-1879)
Humiliating treatment of brown Filipino students,
 Physics: Fair archaic instruction methods, and favoritism based
 Chemistry: Excellent on skin color were prevalent.
 Natural History: Fair SPANISH BRUTALITY
 Anatomy 1: Good  During his first summer vacation in Calamba
after his freshman year, Rizal experienced
 Dissection 1: Good
Spanish brutality due to a failure to perceive a
2nd Year Medicine (1879-1880) lieutenant during the night. Gen. Primo de
 Anatomy 2: Good Rivera was the Governor-General of the
Philippines at that time.
 Dissection 2: Good
FINISHING MEDICINE AT UST
 Physiology: Good
 Rizal performed notably in all his subjects and
 Private Hygiene: Good was the 2nd best student in a class of seven
 Public Hygiene: Good who passed the medicine course.
3rd Year Medicine (1880-1881) DECISION TO GO TO EUROPE
 General Pathology: Fair  To complete his medical course in Barcelona,
Spain.
 Therapeutics: Excellent
 To make a name for himself in journalism.
 Surgery: Good
 To observe and study European Society.
4th Year Medicine (1881-1882)
 To prepare himself for the task of liberating the
 Medical Pathology: Very Good
Filipinos from Spanish Tyranny.
 Surgical Pathology: Very Good
IMPORTANT LITERARY WORKS AS A
 Obstetrics: Very Good UNIVERSITY STUDENT (UST)
REASONS FOR RIZAL'S DISCONTENT AT  El Consejo de los Dioses
UST
 Junto al Pasig
 Hostility of Dominican Professors.
 A Filipinas
 Racial discrimination against Filipino students.
 To the Filipino Youth (A La Juventud Filipina)
 Dissatisfaction with the method of instruction.
DEPARTURE FOR SPAIN
REASONS FOR RIZAL'S POOR
Rizal left UST due to the unfriendliness he
PERFORMANCE AT UST
experienced, being blacklisted by the government,
 Medicine was not his true calling. and to help his motherland. He left without his
 Discontentment with the education system. parents' blessings, using a passport under the
name "Jose Mercado" and with 700 pesos from
 Distractions of youth. Paciano and a diamond ring from Saturnina.
STUDENT ACTIVISM AT UST
Rizal displayed leadership in student activism.
 EDUCATION IN EUROPE finished his first book, Noli Me Tangere, while
living in Wilhemsfeld with the Reverend Karl
Travel to Madrid (May 1882)
Ullmer.
 Rizal traveled alone to Europe and continued
his medical studies at the Universidad Central
de Madrid. He earned a Degree of Licentiate in
Medicine in 1884 and a Degree of Philosophy
and Letters in 1885.
Spain as a Venue for Realizing Dreams
 Spain allowed Rizal to finish his studies and
broadened his vision, awakening in him an
understanding of human nature and the needs
of his people.
Circulo-Hispano-Filipino
 Rizal proposed the publication of a book to
which all members would contribute papers on
various aspects of Philippine life. However, the
proposal faced difficulties and was eventually
dropped. Pedro Paterno later published his
novel Ninay, subtitled Costumbres filipinas
RIZAL'S FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD
(Philippines Customs), partly fulfilling Rizal's
original plan. DEPARTURE AND SECRET MISSION
Noli Me Tangere  Without his parents' consent, Rizal decided to
study in Europe.
 The idea of writing a novel grew on him, and he
worked hard for Noli Me Tangere. He wrote half  He was given a 35 peso monthly allowance by
of the novel in Madrid, a quarter in Paris, and Paciano on May 3, 1882.
the rest in Germany.  He took the steamer, SS Salvadora, and
FURTHER EDUCATION IN EUROPE stopped over in Singapore.
 University of Paris (France)  Rizal mentioned in a letter to his brother
Paciano that he had a secret mission.
 University of Heidelberg (Germany)
Secret mission: To observe carefully the life and
 Earned a second doctorate
culture, languages and customs, industries and
 Inducted as a member of the Berlin business, and the government and laws of the
Ethnological Society and the Berlin European nations in preparation for liberating his
Anthropological Society under the people from the brutality and tyranny of Spain.
patronage of Rudolf Virchow.
PEOPLE WHO KNEW ABOUT RIZAL'S
 Heidelberg (1887) SECRET DEPARTURE
 Completed his eye specialization under Prof.  Paciano Rizal
Otto Becker.  Antonio Rivera
 Wrote the poem A las flores del Heidelberg,  Saturina Rizal
expressing love for his homeland and the
unification of East and West.  Lucia Rizal
LIFE IN EUROPE  Capt. Juan Valenzuela
 Jose Rizal lived in Europe for 10 years. He was  Sanday Valenzuela
fluent in more than 10 languages and excelled  Pedro Paterno
in martial arts, fencing, sculpture, painting,
teaching, anthropology, and journalism. He  Mateo Evangelista
 Ateneo Jesuit Fathers  Marcelo H. Del Pilar translated the article in
 Jose M. Cecilio Tagalog.
 Moran requested more articles and Rizal
VOYAGE TO SINGAPORE
became an essay writer in Diariong Tagalog.
 Donato Lecha, the ship captain from Spain,
 He wrote his second and third article, Los Viajes
befriended him.
and Revista de Madrid.
 Rizal played chess with his fellow passengers,
 Heard the news about Cholera outbreak in
who he defeated.
Manila from his brother Chenggoy.
 He landed in Singapore and registered at Hotel
 Chenggoy told him that Leonor Rivera became
de la Paz.
thin and sick.
 He spent two days sightseeing:
MADRID
 Botanical Garden
 Rizal left for Madrid to pursue his studies in
 Buddhist temples Universidad Central de Madrid.
 Statue of Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles  Enrolled in two courses:
 Rizal transferred to the French steamer SS  Medicine
Djemnah with French-speaking passengers.
 Philosophy and Letters
 Left on May 11 and reached Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
PAST TIMES IN MADRID
 Point Galle on May 17
 Painting and sculpture (Academy of Fine Arts)
 Colombo, its capital.
 Studying French and German
 Crossed Indian Ocean, Cape of Guardafui in
Africa, and stopped over in Aden, Yemen.  Fencing and shooting (Hall of Arms of Sanz)

 Docked at Port Said, the Mediterranean  Visiting museums and galleries

terminal of the Suez Canal. BOOKS RIZAL BOUGHT
 On June 11, Rizal reached Naples, Italy and saw  Lives of Presidents of the United States from
Mt. Vesuvius and Castle of St. Elmo. Washington to Johnson
 Visited Marseilles, France and visited the  History of French Revolution
Chateau d If, before traveling to Barcelona,
 The Wandering Jew
Spain in June 1882.
 Uncle Tom's Cabin of Harriet Beecher Stowe
LIFE IN EUROPE
 Hebrew Grammar
BARCELONA
 Complete Works of Voltaire
 Rizal viewed Barcelona as an "ugly city but a
City of Freedom and Liberalism".  Ancient Poetry
 He was welcomed by his former classmates in FRUGAL LIVING
Ateneo.  He rigidly budgeted his Money and time.
 His classmates gave him a party at Plaza de  He lived frugally, spending his money on food,
Catalua. clothing, lodging and books.
 Rizal wrote "Amor Patrio," his first essay  He never wasted a peseta for gambling, wine
written in Spain under the pen-name Laong and women.
Laan.
 His only extravagance was investing few
 He sent this article to Basilio Teodoro Moran, a pesetas for lottery tickets.
publisher of Diariong Tagalog in Manila.
 The essay appeared in the newspaper on
August 20, 1882.
 SOCIAL LIFE IN MADRID ACADEMIC PURSUITS AND
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Attended a reunion with Filipino compatriots
like Paterno brothers on February 13, 1883.  Experienced late monthly allowances and was
unable to take breakfast on June 24, 1884.
 Joined the Circulo Hispano Filipino where he
wrote the poem Me Piden Los Versos  Attended his class at the university and
(December 1882) participated in the contest in Greek language
and won the gold medal.
 Visited the home of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey
during Saturday evenings.  Gave a controversial speech (Brindis) on party
held at Restaurant Ingles to celebrate the
 Met Consuelo Ortega y Perez and courted her
triumph of Luna and Hidalgo who won on a arts
through a poem, A La Senorita C. O. y P.
contest in Madrid
 The relationship did not last because Eduardo
Genius knows no country, genius sprouts
de Lete was courting Consuelo, and Rizal was
cosmopolitanlike space, like life, like God.
engaged to Leonor Rivera.
 Received the degree of Licentiate in Medicine
MASONIC INVOLVEMENT
on June 21, 1884
 Joined the Masonic Lodge Acacia in March 1883
 Passed all subjects leading to Doctor of
 Became a member of Gran Oriente Medicine but did not present his thesis at the
Españolunder the name Dimasalang same year nor paid the corresponding fees.
 Became a Master Mason at Logia Solidaridad 53  Finished his degreein Philosophy and Letters.
(1890)
MEDICAL STUDIES
 Became a Master Masonin 1892 by Le
GranOrient de France
 Became a WorshipfulMaster of Lodge NiladNo.
42 in 1892 when hedelivered a lecture,La
Masoneria
 He did not engage inany Masonic
activitiesexcept his Masonicwriting
entitledScience, Virtue andLabor in
Madrid(1889)  Awarded Licentiate in Medicine on June 21,
1884 with the rating Fair.
PARIS
 Doctorate (1884-85) - Did not pursue
 Visited Paris on his first summer vacation and
described as Costliest Capital of Europe (June DEMONSTRATION IN MADRID
17- August 20,1883)  Participated a three-day demonstration of
 Stayed at Hotel de Paris then later to 124 Rue students (from November 20-22, 1884) in
de Rennes Madrid

VISITED PLACES IN PARIS  Demonstration was because of

excommunication of Prof.Miguel Morayta
 Champs Elysses Ave.
 Was alongside with some Peruvian, Cuban,
 Opera House Mexican and Spanish students shouting, Viva
 Arch of Triumph Morayta! Down with Bishops!
 Place de la Concorde  Bloody fights raged in the university that was
supported by professors and the rector who
 Cathedral of Notre Damme resigned during the demonstration.
 Invalides Museum
 FURTHER STUDIES AND TRAVELS LEIPZIG, GERMANY
PARIS (AGAIN)  Transferred in Leipzig (August 1886) and
attended some lectures in Leipzig University
 Went to Paris, France from November 1885to
with Prof. Friedrich Ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer
February 1886 to work as assistant of Dr. Louis
de Weckert  Translated the William Tell of Schiller and Fairy
Tales of Hans Christian Andersen
 Visited friends like the Pardo de Taveras, Luna
and Hidalgo. DRESDEN, GERMANY
 Modeled on Lunas paintings:  Left for Dresden to meet Dr. Adolph Meyer, a
Filipinologist toshow him things from tombs in
 The Death of Cleopatra (he posed as an
the Philippines
Egyptian priest)
BERLIN, GERMANY
 The Blood Compact (he posed as Sikatuna)
 Went to Berlin,to meetFeodor Jagor to geta
 Came to play the flute well, despite being no
letter of introuctionto Blumentritt
natural aptitude in music.
 Composed the song Alin Mang Lahi and played REASONS FOR LIVING IN BERLIN
in fluteduring impromptu reunions of Filipinos. 1. To gain further knowledge in ophthalmology
HEIDELBERG, GERMANY 2. To further studies of sciences and languages
 Arrived at Heidelberg, Germany (February 3, 3. To observe the economic had political
1886) and lived with German Law students. conditions of the German nation
 Transferred to a boarding house near University 4. To associate with famous Germanscientists
of Heidelberg and scholars
 Worked under Dr. Otto Becker in the University 5. To publish his first written novel
Eye Hospital  Invited by Dr. Rudolf Virchow to give a lecture
 Attended lectures from Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne in Ethnographic Society of Berlin.
about Ophthalmology.  Wrote a scholarly paper in German, Tagalische
 Visited Heidelberg Castle, Neckar River, old Verkunst and read on thesociety in April 1887.
churches and observed the ecumenismof  Worked as an assistant tothe clinic of Dr.
Germans Schweiggerin Berlin
 Wrote a poem, A Las Floresde Heidelberg
HARDSHIPS IN BERLIN
because of the beauty of flowers especially
Forget-me-not. (April 1886)  Spent his darkest winter duringthe Yuletide
season of 1886 in Berlin when he lived in
WILHELMSFELD, GERMANY
poverty
 Transferred to Wilhelmsfeld and stayed in the
 Pawned a diamond ring gave him by his sister
house of the houseof Dr. Karl Ullmer for three
Saturnina.
months.
 He just ate bread and water with some cheap
FRIENDSHIP WITH FERDINAND vegetablesoup.
BLUMENTRITT
 He began to cough and fearedto have
 On July 31, 1886, Rizal wrote his fist letter in
Tuberculosis.
German to Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt, an
Austrian Ethnologist and Filipinologist with a INSPIRATION FROM LITERATURE
book, Aritmetica.  Uncle Toms Cabin inspired Rizal to writehis first
 Blumentritt sent Rizal two books and started novel
their friendship.
 NOLI ME TANGERE WRITING AND natural history, cave where San Juan
PUBLICATION Nepomuceno was imprisoned.
 In a reunion of Filipinos in the house of  Then, the two went to Brunn City.
Paternos in Madrid in January 2, 1884,Rizal
AUSTRIA
proposed the writing of the novel to those
Filipinos like Graciano Lopez Jaena,Evaristo  Rizal and Viola explored Austria where they saw
Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, JulioLlorente, Melecio the churches,theaters, art galleries
Figueroa and ValentinVentura. andmuseums in Vienna.
 Unfortunately, the project did notmaterialize  They stayed atHotel Metropole and met
because those compatriots whowere expected thenovelist Norfenfals and scholarsMasner and
to collaborate on the noveldid not write Nordmann.
anything.  The two left Vienna for Lintz through ariver
 Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and boat to Danube River in May 24.
finished about half of it.  Rizal observed the:barges loaded with products
 He wrote the last few chapters of the novelin in the boat, flowers and plants growing in
Wilhelmsfeld in April-June, 1886.Revisions were theriver banks, villages in the riverbanks,and he
made but he was sick and penniless. noticed the passengers who usedpaper napkins
during meals.
 Received a telegram from Bulakenyo Dr.
Maximo Viola who was coming to Berlin.  They landed to Lintz and traveled toSalzburg in
order to go back to Munich, Germany.
 His first novel with the help of Dr. Viola in
February 21, 1887 published at GERMANY (AGAIN)
BerlinerBuchdrukerei actien-Gesselschaft.  They traveled from Munich to Nuremberg, the
GRAND TOUR WITH VIOLA oldest city in the country.
Germany (May 11, 1887)  They observed the torture machines used
during the Catholic Inquisition in Europe and
 They left Berlin via train to visitthe floral the huge manufacturing of dolls.
exposition in Dresden and to visit Dr. Adolph
Meyer and Dr.Feodor Jagor.  They transferred to Ulm where they saw and
walked to the tallestcathedral in Germany, the
 They toured also toPotsdam and visited some Ulm Cathedral.
museums.
 Then, they boarded to Stuttgart and Baden to
Czech Republic reach Rheinfall.
 May 13, via train, the two arrived atLeitmeritz, SWITZERLAND
Bohemia (Czech Republic) andmet Ferdinand
Blumentritt.  They witnessed the largest water fall in Europe,
the Rheinfall.
 The twoFilipinos were introduced to
Blumentrittsfamily and stayed at their house for  They stayed for two days in Schaffhausen and
threedays. continued to tour in Basel, Bern andLausanne.
 Rizal experienced to speak in ameeting of  In Geneva, Rizal celebrated his 26thbirthday
Tourists Club of Leitmeritz andthe audience with Viola in a lake tour and heard sad news
fascinated because of hisGerman speaking skills. about the Igorots whowere exhibited in the
Madrid Exposition.
 Met the eminent naturalist, Prof. Robert
Klutschak and Dr. Carlos Czepelak. ITALY
 Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz to visit Prague  Rizal toured Italy.
that led to them to meet Dr. Willkomm,a  He went to Turin, Milan, Venice andFlorence.
Natural History Professor, to see thetomb of
Nicolas Copernicus, to visit themuseum of  On the June 27, 1887, he reached the Eternal
City of Rome and visited theSt. Peters Church
 and St. Peters Squarein Vatican (City of Popes)  After the USTs examination, thenovel declared
after twodays. as heretical, impious,and scandalous in the
 On the same day, he wrote to his father; On the religious order,and anti-patriotic.
15th of July, I shall embark forour country so  Fr. Salvador Font,Augustinian curate of Tondo
that from the 15th to the30th of August we alsosubmitted a report to Governor General on
shall see each other. December 29 that thenovel contained
subversive ideas against the Church and Spain.
FIRST HOMECOMING
 Calamba men solicited Rizals help ingathering
Return to the Philippines
the facts and listing theirgrievances against the
 From Italy, Rizal left Rome viatrain to Marseilles. haciendamanagement.
 He sailed andlanded to Saigon, Vietnamthrough  Rizal investigated the issue andenumerated
the steamerDjemnah on July 3, 1887. some findings.
 He reached Manila on August 5 through  Those findings were reported by Rizal to the
steamer,Haiphong from Vietnam. Spanish government.
REASONS FOR RETURNING  Calamba people noted himas their towns
 To operate mothers eyes champion.

 To find out Nolis effects  Friars pressured Governor General Terrero to

advise Rizal to leave thecountry.
 To know about Leonor Rivera
 To serve Calambas townmen
CALAMBA
 Rizal returned to Calamba on August 8and his
family welcomed him.
 He established a medical clinic inCalamba and
he was called as Doctor Uliman (Doctor
German).
 Aside from eye problems, Rizal also treated
otherailments as he acquired lucrative
medicalpractice.
 His professional fees were reasonable as he
was able to earn P900 as a Physician.
 He opened a gymnasium for young folks where
he introduced European sports like gymnastics,
fencing, andshooting.
NOLI CONTROVERSY AND
INVESTIGATION
 Summoned by Governor General Emilio Terrero
for his Noli butsaw no problem on the book
 Lt. Jose Taviel de Andradebecame his Calamba
bodyguard
 Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. PedroMayo, sent a
copy of Noli to FrayRector Gregorio Echavarria
of theUST for examination committee ofthe
faculty.