Solution

GRADE 10 MATHS POLYNOMIALS, REAL NUMBERS AND LINEAR EQUATIONS

Class 10 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(c) rational number
Explanation:
Given, p2 =
32

50

p2 =
16
⇒
25
4
⇒ p= , which is a rational number.

iS
5

2. (a) 51
Explanation:

h
867 = 255 × 3 + 102

rut
255 = 102 × 2 + 51
102 = 51 × 2 + 0
Hence, we got remainder as 0 , therefore HCF of (867 , 255) is 51
3. (a) an even number
Sh
60
Explanation:
Let p1 and p2 be 5 two odd primes.
Then,
08
y
2 2
p − p = (p1 − p2 )(p1 + p2 )
1 2

We know that sum and difference of two odd numbers is even

db

∴ (p − p ) and (p + p ) are even numbers.

1 2 1 2
20
Also, we know that product of even numbers is an even number, therefore
p − p = (p − p )(p + p ) , is an even number.
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2

4. (a) both negative

are
40

Explanation:
Given; x + 88x + 125 = 0
2

2
D = (88) − 4(1)(125)
99
ep

D = 7244

Now,
−(88)± √7244
x =
Pr

2(1)

−88+2√1811
⇒ x =
2
−−−− −−−−
There roots are x = −44 + √1811, −44 − √1811
Which are both negative.
5.
(c) 0
Explanation:
p(-2) = (-2)2 + 5(-2) + 6
p(-2) = 4 - 10 + 6
=0

6.
(d) 9
Explanation:
Here a = 1, b = -6, c = 8, α + β = 6, αβ = 8
2 2 3 3
β α +β
Since α
+ α
=
β αβ

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 2 2 2 2
(α+β )[ α + β −αβ ] (α+β )[ α + β +2αβ −3αβ ]
= αβ
= αβ

2
(α+β )[ (α+β ) −3αβ ]

= αβ

2
6[ 6 −3×8]
= 8

=9

7. (a) 4, 8
Explanation:
Given equations are
2x + 3y = 7 and 2ax + (a + b)y = 28
For infinitely many solutions, we have
2
= = 3 7

iS
2a a+b 28

⇒ 2a + 2b = 6a
⇒ 4a = 2b ⇒ 2a = b ...(i)

Also, = ⇒ a = 4 ...(ii)
2a
2 7

28

h
From (i) and (ii), we have
2(4) = b ⇒ b = 8

rut
8. (a) has infinitely many solutions
Explanation:
Given: a1 = 1, a2 = 3, b1 = -4, b2 = -12, c1 = 8 and c2 = 24
Sh
60
a1 b1 −4 c1
Here, a2
=
1

3
,
b2
=
−12
=
1

3
,
c2
=
8

24
=
1

a1 b1 c1
∵ = =
a2 b2 c2

Therefore, the system has infinitely many solutions.

08
y

9. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

db

Explanation:
380 is not divisible by 18.
20
10. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
are

α = 2 and β = 3 ⇒ α + β = 5 and αβ = 6
40

So, polynomial is x2 – 5x + 6.
11. As we know that, HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
99
ep

LCM (306, 657) = = = 22338. 306×657 306×657

9
HCF(306,657)

12. A composite number is a positive integer which has a divisor other than one or itself. In other words a composite number is any
positive integer greater than one that is not a prime number.
Pr

Section B
13. The prime factorisation of 120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 23 × 3 ×5
and prime factorisation of 144 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 24 × 32
Now, LCM(120,144) = 2 × 3 × 5 = 720 4 2

and HCF(120,144) = 2 × 3 = 24 3

14. α ,β are zeros of ax2+bx+c

b c
Then α+β= − a
and αβ= a

α2β + αβ2
= αβ (α + β)
c −b
= ( )
a a

−bc
= .
a2

15. p(x) = 4x2+ 24x + 36

For zeroes, p(x) = 0
⇒ 4x2 + 24x + 36 = 0

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 ⇒ 4(x2+ 6x + 9) = 0
⇒ (x2+ 3x + 3x + 9) = 0
⇒ (x + 3) (x + 3) = 0

⇒ x + 3 = 0 or x + 3 = 0
⇒ x = -3, x = -3

∴ Zeroes are -3, -3.

After comparing 4x2+ 24x + 36 with ax2 + bx + c, we get

Now, a = 4, b = 24, c = 36
−b −24

a
=
4
= -6 ...... (i)
Sum of zeroes = -3 + (-3) = -6 ...... (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
Sum of zeroes = − b

iS
Also, c

a
=
36

4
= 9 ....... (iii)
and, Product of zeroes = (-3) × (-3) = 9 .......... (iv)
From (iii) and (iv)

h
c
Product of zeroes = a

16. x + y = 6, ...(i)

rut
2x - 3y = 4 ...(ii)
Multiplying by 3 in equation (i)
3x + 3y = 18 ...(iii)
Sh
Adding equation (ii) and (iii)

60
5x = 22
x= 22

Putting in equation (i)

08
y
30−22
y = 6 −
22

5
=
5
=
8

5
​
17. x + y = 12 ...(i)
db

x - y = 8 ...(ii)
20
On adding (i) and (ii),
2x = 20
are

⇒ x = 10
40

∴ 10 + y = 12

⇒ y = 2

Section C
99
ep

a
18. Suppose √p
–
be rational ⇒ it can be written in the form of b
.

a
–
√p =
b
(where a and b are co-prime)
On squaring both sides, we get
Pr

2
a
p =
2
b

a
2
has a factor p.
pb
2
...........(i)
= a
2

a also has a factor p.

So a = pc
2 2
pb = a

2 2 2
a = p c

Put the value of a in equation (i), 2

2 2 2
pb = p c

b
2
has a factor p,
∴ b has a factor p.

a and b have common factor p.

But we assume that a and b are co-prime

∴ our assumption is wrong.
–
√p must be an irrational number, (p is a prime number.)
√q is also an irrational number (q is a prime number.)

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 Sum of two irrational numbers is irrational
∴ √p + √q is irrational number.
–

19. Let f(x) = 6x2 + x - 2

a = 6, b = 1 and c = -2
And α and β are the zeros of polynomial,
α + β = −
b 1
= −
a 6
c −2 −1
αβ = = =
a 6 3
2 2
α β α +β
∴ + =
β α αβ
2
(α+β ) −2αβ
=
αβ
2
1 1
(− ) −2(− )
6 3
=
1
(− )
3

iS
1 2
+
36 3
= −
1

3
25

36
= −

h
1

25 3
= − ×

rut
36 1
25
= −
12

20. Let the two - digit number be xy (i.e. 10x + y).

After reversing the digits of the number xy, the new number becomes yx (i.e. 10y + x).
Sh
According to question -

60
xy = 18
18
⇒ x = .....(i)
y

and,
08
y

(10x + y) - 63 = (10y + x)
⇒ 9x - 9y = 63
db

⇒ x - y = 7.....(2)
20
Substituting the value of x in equation (2), we get
⇒ 18 - y2 = 7y
are

y2 + 7y - 18 = 0
40

⇒ y2 + 9y - 2y - 18 = 0
⇒ y(y + 9) - 2(y + 9) = 0
99

⇒ (y + 9)(y - 2) = 0
ep

∴ y = 2

[y = - 9 is invalid because digits of a number cannot be negative.]

Pr

Substituting the value of y in equation (i), we get

18
− y = 7
y

x=9
Thus, the required number is 92.
Section D
21. i. x + y + 2 = 15
x + y = 13 ...(i)
Area of bedroom + Area of kitchen = 95
5 × x + 5 × x + 5 × y = 95
2x + y = 19 ...(ii)
In △ABD
tan 60o =
120√3

BD

120√3
BD =
√3

BD = 120 m

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 In △ABC
tan 30o = AB

BC

1 120√3
=
√3 BC

BC = 360 m
∴ CD = BC - BD

iS
= 360 - 120
= 240 m
ii. Length of outer boundary

h
= 12 + 15 + 12 + 15
= 54 m

rut
iii. Sh
x=6

60
Area of bedroom 1 = 5 × x
= 5 × 6 = 30 m2
OR
08
y

Area of living room = (5 × 2) + (9 × 7)

db

= 10 + 63
= 73 m2
20

Section E
22. Let (4 + 3 √2) be a rational number
are
40

Then both (4 + 3 √2) and 4 are rational.

–
⇒ (4 + 3 √2 – 4 ) = 3√2 is rational [Since difference of two rational numbers is rational]
⇒ 3√2 is rational.
99
ep

on multiplying with 1

3
we get
⇒ 1/3 (3√2) is rational. (Since product of two rational numbers is rational)
⇒ √2 is rational.
Pr

This contradicts the fact that √2 is irrational,

This contradicts because we assumed that (4 + 3√2) is rational.So our assumption is wrong
Hence, (4 + 3√2) is irrational.
23. Since α and β are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
− Coefficient of x −b
α + β = =
Coefficient of x2 a

Constant term
αβ = = c

a
Coefficient of x2
We have,
2 2 2 2
α β α β α β α β
a( + ) + b( + ) = a( + ) + b( + )
β α β α β α β α

2 2 3 3 2 2
α β α β α +β α +β
a( + ) + b( + ) = a( ) + b( )
β α β α αβ αβ

2 3 2
2 β β (α+β ) −3αβ (α+β ) (α+β ) −2αβ
α α
a( + ) + b( + ) = a( ) + ( )
β α β α αβ αβ

−b c
By substituting α + β = a
and αβ = a
we get,
−b 3 −b −b 2
c c
2 ( ) −3× ( ) ( ) −2×
2 β β a a a a a
α α
a(
β
+
α
) + b(
β
+
α
) = a( c ) + b( c )
a a

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 3 2
−b 3bc b 2c
2 ⎛ + ⎞ ⎛ − ⎞
2 β β a
a3 a2 a2
a(
α

β
+
α
) + b(
α

β
+
α
) =a c
+ b c

⎝ a ⎠ ⎝ a ⎠

2 2 3 2
α β α β − b +3bca a b −2ca a
a(
β
+
α
) + b(
β
+
α
) = a( 3
×
c
) + b(
2
×
c
)
a a

2 2 3 2
α β α β − b +3abc b −2ca
a( + ) + b( + ) = a( ) + b( )
β α β α 2 ac
a c

2 2 3 3
α β α β − b +3abc b −2abc
a(
β
+
α
) + b(
β
+
α
) = ac
+
ac

2 2 3 3
β β − b +3abc+ b −2abc
a(
α

β
+
α
) + b(
α

β
+
α
) = ac

2 2
β β 3abc−2abc
a(
α

β
+
α
) + b(
α

β
+
α
) = ac

2 2
β β
a(
α

β
+
α
) + b(
α

β
+
α
) = abc

ac

2 2
α β α β
a( + ) + b( + ) = b
β α β α

iS
2 2
β β
Hence, the value of a ( α

β
+
α
) + b(
α

β
+
α
) is b.
24. Let number of correct answers be x and
number of incorrect answers be y

h
3x - y = 40

rut
4x - 2y = 50
Solving, we get x = 15, y = 5
∴ Total number of questions = 20
Sh
60
08
y
db
20
are
40
99
ep
Pr

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