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10. Complex Integration (2)

The document discusses Green's Theorem, Cauchy's Theorem, and the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, which are fundamental concepts in complex integration. It states that if a function is analytic in a simply connected domain, the integral around any closed contour is zero. Examples illustrate the application of these theorems in evaluating integrals.

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Antu TheGigantic
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8 views

10. Complex Integration (2)

The document discusses Green's Theorem, Cauchy's Theorem, and the Cauchy-Goursat Theorem, which are fundamental concepts in complex integration. It states that if a function is analytic in a simply connected domain, the integral around any closed contour is zero. Examples illustrate the application of these theorems in evaluating integrals.

Uploaded by

Antu TheGigantic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complex Integration (2)

©Dr. Mahbub

1
𝜕𝑃 𝜕𝑄
Green’s Theorem: If 𝑃 𝑥, 𝑦 , 𝑄 𝑥, 𝑦 , , are continuous function
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
within a domain D and if C is any closed contour in D, then Green’s
theorem states that
𝜕𝑄 𝜕𝑃
𝐶
𝑃𝑑𝑥 + 𝑄𝑑𝑦 = 𝐷
− 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

y
Consider
R  a simply - connected region
Cauchy’s Theorem
D
Suppose that a function f(z) is analytic in
a simply connected domain D and that f
C is continuous in D. Then for every simple
closed contour C in D,
𝐶
𝑓 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 0
x

2
Proof of Cauchy Theorem: This proof is based on the
result of Green’s Theorem.

C f ( z )d z
  u ( x, y ) d x  v( x, y ) d y  i  v( x, y ) d x  u ( x, y ) dy
C C

 v u   u v 
      d A  i     d A
D
x y  D
x y 

Now since f is analytic, the Cauchy-Riemann


equations imply the integral is zero.

(Also: See the Book)

3
Cauchy-Goursat Theorem :
The Cauchy-Goursat Theorem is an extension of Cauchy's theorem. It
states that if a function f(z) is analytic within a simply connected region 𝐷
and on its contour, then the integral of 𝑓(𝑧) around any closed contour 𝐶
within 𝐷 is zero.

Simply, If f(z) is analytic at all points within and on a simple closed contour C,
then
C f ( z ) d z  0

Extension of Cauchy's theorem

1) 𝐶1
𝑓 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝐶2
𝑓 𝑧 𝑑𝑧

2) 𝐶
𝑓 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 𝐶2
𝑓 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 + 𝐶2
𝑓 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 + 𝐶2
𝑓 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 -----------
4
Examples
1. Evaluate 
C
ezd z
where C is shown in Figure.

Solution
The function ez is entire and C is a simple closed
contour. Thus, by Cauchy Theorem the integral is
zero.

dz
2. Evaluate C z z
where C is the ellipse (x – 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = 1.

Solution
We find that 1/z2 is analytic except at z = 0; but z = 0 is not a
point interior to or on C. Thus, by Cauchy Theorem the
integral is zero. 5
Equation of circle in complex form

Explanation

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