CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This literature review aims to explore the negative impacts of Mobile Legends on the

study habits of Grade 9 Junior High Gamers at Abuyog Academy. Several studies have

shown that excessive gaming can lead to detrimental effects on academic performance.

ADDICTION IN ONLINE GAME

According to the World Health Organization (2019) online gaming

addiction is a mental disorder that fall under the International Classification of Diseases

( ICD11). It is more likely, the more you attached in playing online games the more it

affects your mental health. Gaming addiction is not just norms normalized since it can

leads to serious disease just like the ICD 11. Also, according to Meral (2019) they

highlighted that student's learning attitudes and academic performance had a negative

relationship with students addiction to online games. Mostly all of us knew that addiction

in different ways but focusing on online games had a negative contribution in our

performance at school especially with our study habits. Mostly people wants to do the
gaming instead prioritizing their studies which can lead to negative effects in their study

habits and performanc

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF PLAYING MOBILE LEGENDS

In the study of Mochamad, O., & Eni, F. (2022) entitled The Impact of

Mobile Legends Game on Youth Procrastination stated that the results of their study

found that the use of Mobile Legends game can be seen from (1) addiction, people in our

generation is addicted playing Mobile Legends because of the graphics and how they

much enjoy playing. Mobile Legends can make them happy at the same time challenging

in which as more as they play it leads to addiction. (2) requiring refreshment to relieve

stress, they said that Mobile Legends is their stress reliever because when they had a

overload works and tough day they mostly played Mobile Legends. Stress reliever as they

play the graphics, listen to the audio, and outstanding gaming form. (3) following trends

that are emerging in the surrounding environment, trends is one of the reasons why

people do something it may be good or bad as for in our topic the Mobile Legends, as the

trends pop out they engaged playing Mobile Legends since it's trending and popular to

play in short they're mostly following what's on top. Peers that following the trends can

influenced other people to do what they're doing too. (4) there curiosity from within

them. When you're curious you do what your mind wants to know. As for curiosity of

playing Mobile Legends they often feel “ how does playing Mobile Legends feel?”, “is it

good?”,“ I wanted to try it” those are often what's in their mind in which leading to try

and play Mobile Legends. Pure curiosity is fine as long you're not engaging to do some

risk that affects your life amd to other people. For example. playing Mobile Legends
because you're curious, just try it and know how to balance your time when you like the

game in which it cannot affect your study habits and performance. The problem with this

is that they are neglecting to do their responsibilities as a student. On the study of

(Anang, A et al.,2023) Online Mobile Legends Games have an impact on elementary

school students at Lingkungan XII Medan Denai, Binjai Village. Most of them started to

be lazy to learn since they knew and played Mobile Legends online games. This is also

the negative effects of playing Mobile Legends, because even elementary students are

becoming lazy since they acknowledged the Mobile Legends. If you're playing Mobile

Legends without boundaries it can have negative effects in your life especially with your

study habits.

TIME MANAGEMENT

According to Sophia Auld (2019) time management involves planning and

controlling how you spend your time on tasks. Essential components of effective time

management include setting clear goals, prioritising tasks, organizing activities, and

managing stress. Time management is in your control on how you plan and manage it to

utilize if you have time management you are utilizing it in different ways such as for your

tasks, activities, managing your stress also. Time administration plays a significant role in

improving learner's performance and accomplishments. It is a skill to manage time and

every learner must familiar and command on this skill for the sake of better results.

Ahmad S,. Batool A.. and Ch A.H (2019) stated that a student can only survive if he/she

has ability of time utilization properly. Time is gold that's why time management is a

must. All of us have a different subjects and tasks to do if you don't have time
management your tasks would overload and you cannot do it properly the term

“cramming” would now insert—this can affect your mental health and behavior. Wang

and Zhu ( in Mufid, 2019) said that there's a relationship between time management and

online addiction. Someone who has been addicted to online games will find it difficult to

do time management well, they will spemd most of their time playing these games. Is it

really true, because when your down playing Mobile Legends or online games you don't

have time management because you are prioritizing playing it and it leads to addiction. In

simple terms, time management is crucial to avoid addiction. Otherwise, you'll be

addicted.

PROCRASTINATION

According to (N. Katajavuori et al., 2021) procrastinationn is consistently

viewed as problematic to academic success and students general well-being. Well,

because procrastination is delaying your tasks to do for example your homeworks,

activities, learning ways if you delayed this things to do it can be problematic for students

to pass and to their well-being. (Forsström et al., 2022) defines that procrastination refers

to voluntarily postponing an intended course of action despite expecting to be worse off

for this delay, and students are considered to be especially negatively affected.

Postponing your actions to do something can be load of work to the next day. Having

loadworks can affect students mental health because they'll be mentally exhausted and

emotionally tired. This also can affect students behavior in which students will be

negatively affected. According to estimates in the literature, at least half of the students

believe procrastination impacts their academic achievements and well-being.

LACK OF ATTENTION

A study stated that over 2 billion people are addicted to online games and

most of them are students.(Mary Nhellie Hamor, 2021) the large-scale population was

about the students who engaged playing online gaming and how it leads to fhe addiction

of the students. It is known before why such things happened because there are reasons

behind it. One of this is that parents who do not show enough attention to their children

promptly can lead to children using online games to divert negative family-related

emotions (Xu et al., 2021). Often, children needs attention from their parents especially

when it terms to the studies and how their health work. This might be the reasons why

students really engaged playing. Isolation and lack of attention can make people change

behavior their interactions with the prime people they have in their life. According to

many literature that researchers read it one of the factor why children's can diverge there

attention into playing because of the lackings they felt.

In school, when stuff got difficult they tends to need attention in order to

cope the stress, burden, difficulties, and workload they facing. To avoid doing some risks

like being addicted on playing and can greatly affects your studies and interactions you

should give your children's attention to at least support what they currently facing.

Students also needs to open up more and not choosing risks because of the lackings of

attention.
CONCENTRATION

J. B Pearl & N. Arunfred (2019) Concentration is potential of the

individual to put their mental work in any situation. It is when you specifically focus into

something. [1]. Concentration skill leads the person to focus on their position and

responsibilities. Concentration is a big help when you're doing something. You can make

it without any boundaries or barrier that can cause any distraction. For example, if you

have concentration about your study habits like reading, taking notes, learning intently it

will help you a lot not unlike if your not concentrating because you're focusing into

playing which can had a negative effects on your study habits. [2]. Concentration skill is

the ability to ignore all other distractions and focus on a particular job. Concentration is

one of the powerful skills since if you're concentrating you can eliminate the unnecessary

things that can stop you doing something. There attention will diverge from learning or

doing your tasks to imagining playing or actual playing. Peers also involved how one of

them loss concentration to do something. In additional their learning ability can be

worsened because of lack of concentration and focus with it. Academic success or good

study habits needs to have a fresh environment and concentration, attention, or focus.

THEORTETICAL FRAMEWORK

To analyze the negative effects of Mobile Legends on the Study Habits of

Grade 9 Junior High Gamers, this study will employ a theoretical framework that

incorporates several key theories.

Time Displacement Theory

According to Robert Putman (1995 ) this theory suggests that time spent

on one activity reduces the time available for other activities. The students of the

Abuyog Academy engage themselves in too many digital games which leads to

procrastination and displacement of study time. It could be hypothesized that the more

time buying academy student spend playing Mobile Legends, the less time they have for

academic activities because their attention is just focused on playing mobile legends

(ML) which redirects their attention and motivation instead of learning and studying they

just play the mobile game until it becomes addiction negatively affecting their study

habits and academic performance.

Self Control Theory

According to Kendra C. (2023 ) Self control theory refers to your

ability to manage your behavior to achieve goals, improve positive outcomes, and avoid

negative consequences.This anchored our study because this simply says that self-control

is a must to achieve and have good study habits that can give you a good academic

performance.

However most of the students in Abuyog Academy spend their time

playing Mobile Legends they neglect their responsibility as students because of too much

use of mobile phones, the assumption they have self -control can able to manage their

time playing mobile legends and time for studying however the excessive use of the
mobile phone can lead to their difficulty in managing there time especially the junior high

school students of buying academy, playing mobile legends (ML) should be minimized

because it can just affect the study habits of a student if they have self – control they can

be able to control there desire in playing mobile legends they can be able to avoid the

negative outcome and they can be able to focus in their study. This said that having this

ability you can learn to play Mobile Legends without affecting your study habits.

Cognitive Theory

According to Hayes , B. And Davis , B in year (2023) the Cognitive

theory ,this theory attempts to explain human behavior by studying the mental processes

involved when trying to learn and understand. The cognitive theory can help explain

how students’ thoughts, beliefs, and cognitive processes may influence their behavior and

decision-making regarding studying and gaming. Regarding studying and gaming.

This means that when students in Abuyog Academy play Mobile Legends

it has negative effects on their academic performance especially on the study habits of

Abuyog Academy students, the explanation behind how they behave and how their mind

works. It suggests that individuals with strong self-control are better able to resist the

temptation of playing mobile legends (ml) excessively and prioritize their academic

responsibilities.

Self Determination Theory

 According to ( Edward Beci et al.,1999) Self Determination Theory

focuses on the motivation behind people’s action and choices has been developed for the

last four decades. According to the theory makes the distinction when students

especially junior high school are intrinsically motivated, they engage in an activity like

playing mobile legends (ML) because the activity itself is interesting, enjoyable, and

congruent with their selves. In contrast, when students are extrinsically motivated, they

engage in an activity because the activity is instrumental in obtaining rewards or avoiding

punishments.

The excessive engagement of Abuyog Academy students especially the

Grade 9 junior high school with Mobile game legends can fulfill the need for relatedness

by providing a sense of social connection, recognition that they get from playing mobile

legends makes them feel that they are recognized for being a good player and playing

mobile legends can fulfill the need of interaction with another individual. However, some

of the students of buying academy play mobile legends to motivate themselves but still

playing mobile legends should be minimized because it might lead to a decrease in

motivation in studying for junior high school because it redirects the attention of the

students considering the awards that they got in playing mobile legends they got

motivated and lose interest in studying and it can affect the study habits of a student.

Addiction Theory

According to Keith w. Beard in (2005) addiction theory .Technology

has become an essential part of human life, especially the students and it has significantly
cha itnged the behaviors of individuals. One of the popular applications of technology is

the smartphone and it has an inseparable relationship with modern students, especially

the 21st century learner. With the improvement of technology, many students especially

junior High students in buying academies use their mobile phones for playing games.

The Students in Abuyog Academy use these games for multiple purposes

such as a hobby, relaxation, adventure and gambling. Most of the time it is started as a

hobby or leisure but sometimes it becomes an addiction they spend their time playing

mobile legends rather than focusing on their study. However, the massive use of mobile

phones by the Abuyog Academy students can lead to game addiction t affecting their

study habits and school performance. The excessive use of technology by students

especially in the junior high school buying academy leads to addiction and it can affect

the study habits of student

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In the context of the negative effects of Mobile Legends on the study

habits of Grade 9 Junior High Gamers at Abuyog Academy, the conceptual framework of

this study will serve as a guiding structure to analyze the interplay between gaming

behavior, academic performance, and cognitive processes.

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

- Collecting data results - Interpretation of

- Negative Effects from the negative effects the collected data
of Mobile Legends of mobile legends on the from the interview
on the Study Habits study habits of the negative
effect of mobile
- Sampling population of
legends on the
Grade 9 students involve
study habits of
in having negative effects
grade 9 students.
of mobile legend on the
study habits - Formulating
Conclusion
- Interview

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework on the Negative effects of Mobile Legend on the

Study Habits of Grade 9 Junior high gamers of Abuyog Academy.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The research questions are the following:

1. What are the negative effects of Mobile Legends on Grade 9 students' study habits

2. How does Mobile Legends affect Grade 9 students' study time at Abuyog Academy?
3. How does Mobile Legends addiction impact Grade 9 students' academic performance

at Abuyog Academy?

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Study Habits- an action such as reading,taking

notes, holding study groups which the
students perform regularly and
habitually in order to accomplish the
task of learning.

Mobile Legends is a multiplayer online battle arena

(MOBA) game designed for mobile
phones.

means that the cumulative effects of

Negative Effect an alternative are expected to
adversely affect the status of the
resource relative to its current status
under past, present, and reasonably
foreseeable future actions.

Addiction the fact or condition of being

addicted to a particular substance,
thing, or activity.

Procrastination something the action of delaying or

postponing.
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

The methodology in this study focuses on examining how Mobile Legends affects the

Study Habits of Grade 9 Junior High Gamers. It describes the research design, data

collection methods, and analysis techniques used to explore the influence of mobile

gaming.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study uses and phenomenology research design. Qualitative Research

is defined as the “ naturalistic method of research which deals with the concern of human
difficulty by discovering it straightly” (Beck, 2004). Also, the qualitative research it is

concerned with the experiences, understanding and words of the individual. It aims to

explore, understand, and interpret the meanings, experiences, and perspective of

individuals or groups. While the phenomenology it is a study of how people give

meaning to their experiences. It will help researchers to provide answers that tells the

experiences of the population being designated.

RESEARCH LOCALE

Abuyog Academy is located at the Barangay. Bito, Real St, Municipality

of Abuyog Province of Leyte and it has 7 sections per Grade year level. We chose Grade

9 Junior High Gamers as our respondents in our study. Non-probability sampling will be

used in this study. We will used convenience sampling to gather respondent in the

investigation.

Figure 2. Abuyog Academy

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The instrument used in the study are the questioner developed by (Start

Question & Rebecca C., 2019). Questions are divided into two parts the first one is that

their knowledge of Mobile Legends and Study Habits consist of 7 item questions and the

other second part of the questioner consist 8 items and the questions focuses on the

causes and effects of Mobile Legends on the Study Habits of our respondent.

The researcher will ask the respondent to answer the questions in measuring their

knowledge about their perception in Mobile Legends and Study Habits also the causes

and effects of the certain study.

DATA GATHERING

The researchers will used research questioners in the data collection process. This study

followed the following procedures:

- The researchers will send a letter to the school director and school principal of

Abuyog Academy.

- The researchers will conduct the survey.

- The researchers will analyze and interpret the answers by the respondent in the

research questioner.

METHODS OF SCORING AND INTERPRETATION

 After collecting and reviewing the data from the survey questionnaires

completed by our respondents, the responses will be examined, documented, and

interpreted as appropriate. These three approaches will be used to measure the level of

their knowledge about the causes and effects of Mobile Legends on the Study Habits.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

We used convenience non-probability sampling to gather respondents in the

investigation.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Mobile Legends Bang Bang (MLBB) is a mobile multiplayer online battle

arena (MOBA) game developed and published by Moonton, a subsidiary of ByteDance.

Released in 2016, the game grew in popularity; most prominently in Southeast Asia.

According to AppMagic, Mobile Legends: Bang Bang was the leading mobile gaming

app in the Philippines in 2023. That year, the gaming app was downloaded about 10

million times.

Study Habits is an action such as reading, taking notes, holding study

groups which the students perform regularly and habitually in order to accomplish the
task of learner. Study habits can be described as effective or ineffective depending upon

whether or not they serve the students well. Busayo (2011)

In Abuyog Academy, researchers can see how many students play this

Mobile Game where ever and whenever. They often play first than study. They play first

than reading and taking notes to gain knowledge. Doing group study is way more than

enjoyable, fulfilling, and effective. Grade-9 Students choose playing with their peers

instead of a group study. They more engage playing Mobile Legends with their friends to

have fun so, this leads of not having much time to study. Students are most likely

spending their time and attention with it in which they forget how it affects their behavior

and mental health that also leads to affect how they perform inside the school and how

disturbance it is in their s study habits. Although, gaming is a part for us to relax, we

shouldn't let our willingness to affect ourselves. Because leisure helps us just to relax not

to purely consume us.

This study address that it is important to identify the Negative Effects of

Playing Mobile Legends. By understanding and knowing what are the negative effects it

will help students to manage playing Mobile Legend. The result of this study can help the

students, parents, teachers, and the future researchers.

OBJECTIVE

This study about the Negative Effect of Mobile Legend On The Study Habits Of Junior

High School Of Abuyog Academy aims to:

1. To identify the negative effect of playing mobile legends in study habits of Grade 9

student.

2. To assess the impact of mobile legends on study habits of Grade 9 students.

3. To evaluate the extent of mobile legends use among Grade 9 students.

4. To explore the possible strategies to mitigate the negative effect of mobile legends on

on study habits.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study specifically answers the following questions:

1. What are the negative effects of playing mobile legends?

2. How playing mobile legends affect the study habits of Grade 9 students?

3. What are the extent of mobile legends use among Grade 9 students?

4. Briefly suggest strategies to mitigate the negative effect of mobile legends on

study habits?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will benefit the following:

Students - This study will give the students an idea of how badly playing Mobile

Legends affect their study habits and academic performance.

Teachers- The study will give an idea on the teachers on proper handling their students

and educate them in terms of playing Mobile Legends.

Parents- The study will at least give the parents of the students the view how playing

Mobile Legends can affect their child's academic performances.

Future researchers-This study will help the future researches who will study relatively

to the topic by data and information provided in this research.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This study will only focuses on the Negative Effects of playing Mobile

Legends in their study habits of the Grade 9 Junior High Gamers. The data collection will

be conducted to the Grade 9 students in Abuyog Academy who will be served as the

population. This study will not cover other problems that are not included in the

significant issue. The result of the study will be only applicable only to the respondent of

this study and will not be used as a measure on how playing Mobile Legends affect the

Grade 9 students.
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