19 Three-Dimensional

Shapes

50LIDS The obj ects ha i

i::- v ng definite shape and size are called solids. A solid occupies a
J 1.Xed amount of space.

Solids occur in v . 1· d
anous shapes, such as a cuboid, a cube, a cy m er, a cone.
a sphere, etc.

CUBOID A solid bounded b . .

Y SIX rectangular faces is called a cuboid.
A matchbox, a chalk box, a brick, a tile, a book, an almirah, etc., are all examples of
a cuboid.

Various parts of a cuboid are given below.

(i) Faces A cuboid has 6 rectangular faces.
The opposite faces of a cuboid are identical.
(ii) Edges Two adjacent faces of a cuboid meet in a line segment called an edge of the
cuboid.
A cuboid has 12 edges.

(iii) Vertices Three edges of a cuboid meet at a point called a vertex.

A cuboid has 8 vertices.

Thus, a cuboid has 6 rectangular faces , 12 edges and 8 vertices.

In the given figure , ABCDEFGH is a cuboid.

(i) The 6 faces of the cuboid are

ABCD, EFGH, ADHE, BCGF, ABFE, DCGH. ;.H_;___ _ _ _---,,,G

Out of these, four faces , namely, ABFE, DCGH;

Ef ' - - -~ I - - -,.-~F
BCGF and ADHE are called lateral faces of the I
I .
cuboid. 1D
,,,,,,,, ,, ,,- - - - - - - - - - - - - C
Clearly, a rectangular room is in the form of a cuboid
and its 4 walls are its lateral faces. A Cuboid B

(ii) The 12 edges of the cuboid are

AB, BC, CD, DA, EF, GH, FG, EH, CG, BF, AE, DH.

(iii) The 8 vertices of the cuboid are A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H.

A cuboid has three dimensions, namely, length, breadth and height.
221

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CUBE
u,·
1J1cr. Jr c rt_1 \ ;,11 11 :1s 6 fa~~/Js 8 cube. : / .
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rn llil' g \'t ube are afE v cGH. A I F
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u11eral fa ces ~ acGF. A]JHE· /
_,__ ' / ~
.1V
Af]FE, DCGH, A Cube e
f1i/ 12 edges of the cube are H FG, EH, CG, BF. AE, DH.
AB, BC, CD, DA, EF. G ,A B C, D, E, F, G, H.
f the cube are ' , al
(Jil) 8 verUccs o f cube are equ .
d height o a
Length , breadth an
CYLINDERS
ipes circular pencils, measuring jars r
·]Iars cJrcuJar P , d . a1 h , oad
CYLINDER SoJJds like circular P1 · '. are said to be in cylin nc s apes.
rollers and gas cylinders. etc.,

Parts of a Cylinder:
(i) A cyli11der has no vertex. C
e Jinder bas two curved edges (C1 and 2 ).
(Jl) Ay rved face and two flat faces (F1 and F2l•
(iii) A cylinder has one cu
1 - curved
I
I
\ edge
I
I Curved - F1 I C2
I edge /
I
I C1 ~-..:__-'---+----_ ,.,..
Cylinder
Flat face Flat face
Curved face

CONE
CONE Objects such as ice-cream cone, a conical tent, a conical - - Vertex

vessel, a clown's cap, etc., are in the shape of a cone.

Parts of a Cone:
(i) A cone has one vertex.
(ii) A cone has one curved edge.
(iii) A cone has one curved face and one flat face.
Flat face
"' Curved edge

SPHERE
SPHERE An object which is in the shape of a ball is said to have the shape of a sphere.

Parts of a Sphere:
(i) A sphere has no vertex.
(ii) A sphere has no edge.
(iii) A sphere has a curved surface.
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SUMMAflY
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Njl
N~' OF A THR~E-DIM~NSIONAL FIGURE
t of a 3-dunenswnalJlgur · O?I aper or
A''.!board andfolded lo makeet~ th e ~hape that can be cul oul of a plane piece P
c0 1 e 3-dimensional shape.
EXAMPLE 1. ~ ~v:~.below ls the net of a cuboid of length = 3 cm, breadth = 2 cm and height

- 3cm

2 cm

1 cm

2cm

1 cm
1 cm

3cm

EXAMPLE 2. The adjoining figure is the net of a cube. Fold these faces to
make a cube.
2 3 4
solution Fold the given faces in such a way that
1 lies opposite 5;
5
2 lies opposite 4;
3 lies opposite 6. 6
Thus, a cube is formed.

EXAMPLe 3. The given figure is the net of a cube. Fold these faces to make a 2
cube.
Solution Fold the given faces in such a way that 3

2 lies opposite 4;
4
3 lies. opposite 5;
1 lies opposite 6.
5 6
Thus, a cube is formed .

EXAMPLE 4. The given figure is the net of a cube. Fold these faces to make a
cube.
2 3
Solution Fold the given faces in such a way that
1 lies opposite 4;
4
3 lies opposite 5;
2 lies opposite 6. 5 6
Thus, a cube is formed.
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EXERCISE 19

J. fl/I I n tlw r>l.m l,s. fac e~ edges and ...... vertices .

o A < 11tx 11d Ji,, s . u dan,zu 1c1r ' · .. · · · ✓
r,,- l and · · · · · · flat faces.
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Hu 1 A c mw IJ; ,s nnr. ..... f:-:tU' and one .. .. -. face.
( h J \ sp J,,•u • iJ .-15 ;, . . . ..,urJ;,c c.

;i. n·1 trc- r J for , , 11r ::m d [F) for fal&e :

( 1J A q Jwdc, h;;':, 110 vn tex.
(n l \ r-111Jf' /J:1 1> 6 fct, ·,·s. 12 edges and 8 vertices.
(fo l A has one vc rff'X .
r<Jw ·
( w J A .'-)ph , r~ h as one: edge.
t,·J A ..,phC'te ha.-, a n1rvcd surface.
3 . \\'r Jt(• f1v,• examples orcac-h one of (1) a con e (ii) a sphere (iii) a cuboid and (iv) a cylinder.