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B&J Week 6 Material

The document outlines various malignant primary bone tumors, including multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma, detailing their characteristics, demographics, clinical presentations, and diagnostic findings. Multiple myeloma is highlighted as the most common primary malignancy of bone, primarily affecting older individuals, while osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma predominantly affect younger populations. Additionally, benign bone tumors like osteochondroma are discussed, emphasizing their non-destructive nature and common presentations.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views2 pages

B&J Week 6 Material

The document outlines various malignant primary bone tumors, including multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma, detailing their characteristics, demographics, clinical presentations, and diagnostic findings. Multiple myeloma is highlighted as the most common primary malignancy of bone, primarily affecting older individuals, while osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma predominantly affect younger populations. Additionally, benign bone tumors like osteochondroma are discussed, emphasizing their non-destructive nature and common presentations.

Uploaded by

kintien
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Week 6:

• MOCE
• The most common malignant primary bone tumors, ordered most to least
common
• Multiple myeloma
• Osteosarcoma
• Chondrosarcoma
• Ewing’s sarcoma

• Multiple myeloma
• AKA plasma cell myeloma
• Overproduction of IgG
• Most common primary malignancy of bone
• Affects older people
• Clinical presentation:
• Most common presenting symptom:
• Bone pain (70%)
• Most common cause of death:
• Bacterial infection
• Second most common cause of death:
• Renal failure
• Associated with pathological fractures
• Name signs:
• Punched-out lesions
• Affects the medullary cavity
• Raindrop skull
• Multiple punched-out lesions of the skull
• Lab:
• Reversed A/G ratio is the hallmark finding
• Where A is albumin and G is “globulin” - i.e. immunoglobulin -
i.e. IgG
• M-protein spike
• Bence-jones proteinuria
• Anemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Osteosarcoma
• Tumor of mesenchymal cells (in the medullary cavity)
• Causes the direct formation of osteoid (blastic tumor)
• Second most common (just use MOCE)
• Affects younger people
• X-ray
• Most common site = metaphysis of long bones
• Lab
• Elevated alkaline phosphatase
• Chondrosarcoma
• Malignant tumor arising from cartilage
• Most commonly affects pelvis and femur
• Affects older people
• X-ray:
• Endosteal scalloping
• Looks like scallops inside the bone (cortex eaten from within)
• Mottled calcification of the tumor matrix
• Laminated or spiculated periosteal response

• Ewing’s sarcoma
• Tumor of primitive stem cells
• Affects younger people (10-20 yo)
• Most commonly affects the diaphysis
• Appears like an infection (redness and swelling)
• X-ray
• Lytic and sclerotic lesions
• Cortical saucerization
• from tumor extension into the haversian system subperiosteally

• Name sign:
• Onion skin periosteum
• Laminated periosteal response
• Chondrosarcoma also has laminated response

• Benign bone tumors:


• Presents with a solid periosteal reaction or no periosteal reaction at all
• Osteochondroma
• AKA exostosis
• Hereditary multiple exostosis
• Many exostoses throughout the body
• Most common benign tumor of the appendicular skeleton
• Painless
• Not destructive
• X-ray
• Most are pedunculated
• Pedunculated = narrow-stalked exostosis
• Sessile = flat-based exostosis
• Name sign
• Coat hanger exostosis
• Pedunculated exostosis pointing up and away from the joint
line’
• Can degenerate to chondrosarcoma

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