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The document explains key concepts related to evaporation, including latent heat of vaporization, psychrometric constant, and the roles of temperature, humidity, wind speed, net radiation, and soil heat flux. It compares the Penman equation, which requires detailed weather data for accurate evaporation estimates, with the simpler Thornthwaite method, and highlights the improved Penman-Monteith equation for estimating evaporation from vegetation. Additionally, it discusses how environmental conditions affect evapotranspiration rates and provides an example of a farmer using this information to determine irrigation needs.

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Ariel Arante
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2 views

Script

The document explains key concepts related to evaporation, including latent heat of vaporization, psychrometric constant, and the roles of temperature, humidity, wind speed, net radiation, and soil heat flux. It compares the Penman equation, which requires detailed weather data for accurate evaporation estimates, with the simpler Thornthwaite method, and highlights the improved Penman-Monteith equation for estimating evaporation from vegetation. Additionally, it discusses how environmental conditions affect evapotranspiration rates and provides an example of a farmer using this information to determine irrigation needs.

Uploaded by

Ariel Arante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1st slide

Latent Heat of Vaporization: The energy needed to turn water into vapor
without changing its temperature.
Psychrometric Constant: A value that helps describe how temperature and
humidity work together in the air.
Saturation Vapor Pressure: The maximum amount of moisture the air can
hold before it turns into droplets (like dew).
Actual Vapor Pressure: The amount of moisture currently in the air.
Aerodynamic Resistance: How easily air moves across a surface, which
affects how fast water evaporates.
Temperature: How hot or cold the air is, usually measured in degrees
Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).
Humidity: The amount of moisture (water vapor) in the air; higher humidity
makes the air feel wetter.
Wind Speed: How fast the air is moving; stronger winds can carry moisture
away faster.
Net Radiation: The total energy from the sun that reaches the Earth's
surface, minus the heat that goes back into the atmosphere.
Soil Heat Flux: The movement of heat in and out of the soil, which affects
how much energy is available for evaporation.
A soil heat flux plate measures the heat energy moving in and out of the
soil, helping track temperature changes. This data is important for
understanding evaporation, plant growth, and climate conditions.
.

2nd slide
The Penman equation is more detailed than simpler methods like the
Thornthwaite method because it considers both heat energy and airflow in
evaporation. While it gives better results, it needs more weather data,
making it harder to use when information is limited. The improved Penman-
Monteith equation is now the most common method for estimating
evaporation.
The Thornthwaite method is a simple way to estimate how much water
evaporates from the land and plants based on temperature and daylight
hours. It’s easy to use because it doesn’t need a lot of weather data, but it
may be less accurate in certain conditions.
Differences:
The Penman equation estimates evaporation by combining energy inputs
(like sunlight and heat) with wind speed and humidity. It provides accurate
results but requires detailed weather data.
The Penman-Monteith equation is an improved version that includes an extra
factor for plant characteristics, such as how their leaves control water loss.
This makes the Penman-Monteith method more precise, especially for
estimating evaporation from crops, forests, and other vegetated surfaces.
Own explanation:
So mao diay ning mga mga key factors ug ilang mga role
sa Penman’s Equation:
First is temperature, mao ni siya ang nag influence sa
saturation vapor pressure curve (Δ), kuan sad ang
warmer temperatures mo increase ang iyahang
evapotranspiration (ET) by enhancing the ability of air to
hold moisture. Next is humidity (vapor pressure
deficit) nga naa diri na belong ang saturation vapor
pressure and actual vapor pressure, also ang humidity
kay mao ni siya ang amount of moisture (water vapor) in
the air. Next is ang wind speed nga pasabot is if mo high
ang wind speed mo increase pud ang air movement.
Sunod is net radiation (Rn) nga mao ni siya ang
primary energy source sa evaporation process. Next is
soil heat flux (G) nga ma oni siya ang nag represents
heat energy stored or released from the ground. Sunod is
Latent Heat of Vaporization (λ)(Pabali na gamma),
which is mao ni siya ang energy required to convert water
from liquid to vapor. Next is the psychrometric
constant, mao ni siya ang nag show on how
temperature, air pressure, and heat affect moisture in the
air and helps balance heat and wind effects.
Other information:
On a hot, dry, and windy day: Higher ET rates occur due
to increased net radiation, larger vapor pressure deficit,
and faster moisture transport by wind.
On a calm, humid day: ET rates decrease as the vapor
pressure gradient is smaller and less energy drives the
moisture loss
Example;
Imagine a farmer figuring out how much water their crops
need. They check the weather for temperature, humidity,
wind, and sunlight. They also think about soil warmth and
use some fixed values to get accurate results. With this
information, the farmer can decide the right amount of
water to keep the crops healthy.

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