Defi fide 1, accost (a kast’) 2. animadversion Note carefully the spelling, pronunciation, part(s) of speech, and definition(s) of each of the following words. Then write the word in the blank space(s) in the illustrative sentence(s) following. Finally, study the lists of synonyms and antonyms given at the end of each entry. (v) to approach and speak to first; to confront in a challenging or aggressive way The nobleman was ______ by beggars on his way to the castle. SYNONYMS: buttonhole, approach, confront ANTONYMS: evade, avoid, shun (n.) acomment indicating strong criticism or disapproval (an a mad ver’ zhan) The inexperienced filmmaker was disheartened by the 3. avid (av’ id) al brackish (brak’ ish) o . celerity (sa ler’ a té) . devious (dé’ vé as) 28 = Unit 2 of the film critic. SYNONYMS: rebuke, reproof ANTONYMS: praise, compliment (adj.) desirous of something to the point of greed; intensely eager Most writers are also readers who have loved books since childhood. SYNONYMS: keen, enthusiastic, grasping ANTONYMS: reluctant, indifferent, unenthusiastic (adj) having a salty taste and unpleasant to drink The shipwrecked passengers adrift on the lifeboat became illafter drinking ___ water. SYNONYMS: briny, saline ANTONYMS: fresh, clear, sweet (n.) swiftness, rapidity of motion or action Although the heavy snowfall was not expected, the highway department responded with surprising SYNONYMS: promptness, alacrity, speed ANTONYMS: slowness, sluggishness, dilatoriness (aqj.) straying or wandering from a straight or direct course; done or acting in a shifty or underhanded way The interrogator used —__— methods to try to get the suspect to incriminate himself SYNONYMS: roundabout, indirect, tricky, sly, artful ANTONYMS: direct, straightforward, open, aboveboard7. gambit (gam’ bit) 8. halcyon (hal’ sé an) 9. histrionic (his tr an’ ik) 10. incendiary (in sen’ dé er 8) 11. maelstrom (mai stram) 12. myopic (mi ap’ ik) (n.) in chess, an opening move that involves risk or sacrifice of a minor piece in order to gain a later advantage; any opening move of this type Asking an interesting stranger about his or her job is a popular party _ SYNONYMS: ploy, stratagem, ruse, maneuver (n.) a legendary bird identified with the kingfisher; (aqj.) of or telating to the halcyon; calm, peaceful; happy, golden; prosperous, affluent The teacher read the legend of the ____, amythic bird that nested in a calm sea. The woman often spoke of the ___________ days. of her childhood. SYNONYMS: (adj.) tranquil, serene, placid, palmy ANTONYMS: (aqj.) turbulent, chaotic, tumultuous. (adj.) pertaining to actors and their techniques; theatrical, artificial; melodramatic Upon receiving his award, the young actor gave a speech. SYNONYMS: affected, stagy ANTONYMS: low-keyed, muted, untheatrical, subdued (adj.) deliberately setting or causing fires; designed to start fires; tending to stir up strife or rebellion; (n.) one who deliberately sets fires, arsonist; one who causes strife The arsonist planted an device in the basement of the store. The radical —__________ was sentenced to life imprisonment. SYNONYMS: (aqj.) inflammatory, provocative, (n.) firebrand ANTONYMS: (aqj.) soothing, quieting, (n.) peacemaker (n.) a whirlpool of great size and violence; a situation resembling a whirlpool in violence and destruction Many innocent people caught in the of the revolution lost their lives and property. SYNONYMS: vortex, chaos, turbulence, tumult (adj.) nearsighted; lacking a broad, realistic view of a situation; lacking foresight or discernment The foreign policy of the last administration has led to serious problems with our allies. SYNONYM: shortsighted ANTONYM: farsighted Unit 2 = 2913. overt © vert’) 14. pejorative (pa j6r’ a tiv) 15. propriety (pra pri’ a te) 16, sacrilege (Sak’ ra ij) 17. summarily (sa mer’ a |é) 18. suppliant (sap’ lé ant) 19. talisman (tal’ iz man) 20. undulate (an’ dya lat) 30 = Unit2 (aqj.) open, not hidden, expressed or revealed in a way that is easily recognized In order for Congress to declare war, the President must demonstrate an —___________ threat. SYNONYMS: Clear, obvious, manifest, patent ANTONYMS: secret, clandestine, covert, concealed (adj) tending to make worse; expressing disapproval or disparagement, derogatory, deprecatory, belittling ‘The lawyer was accused of makinga —_____ remark when referring to the defendant's background. ANTONYMS: complimentary, ameliorative (n.) the state of being proper, appropriateness; (p/.) standards. of what is proper or socially acceptable The social worker questioned the of the police's request to see confidential records. SYNONYMS: fitness, correctness, decorum ANTONYMS: unseemliness, inappropriateness (n) improper or disrespectful treatment of something held sacred The anthropologist was accused of committing a when she disturbed an ancient burial ground. SYNONYMS: desecration, profanation, defilement (adv, without delay or formality; briefly, concisely ‘As soon as there was evidence of criminal wrongdoing, the official was __mm._ ousted from his post. SYNONYMS: promptly, peremptorily, abruptly (adj.) asking humbly and earnestly; (n.) one who makes a request humbly and earnestly, a petitioner, suitor He made a ____________ address to the parole board. Stranded in the deserted city of Moscow, Napoleon had to turn to the Czar not as a conqueror but as a (n.) an object that serves as a charm or is believed to confer magical powers, an amulet, fetish Most people do not believe that rabbit's feet and other actually bring good luck. (v.) to move in waves or with a wavelike motion; to have a wavelike appearance or form The baseball fans began to ——__ as they cheered, so that they appeared to move in a wave. SYNONYMS: ripple, fluctuate, rise and fallC tet From the words for this unit, choose the one that best Oren ™S completes each of the following sentences. Write the the Sentence . | : word in the space provided. 1. To our dismay, we discovered that the water we had worked so hard to bring to the surface was too ____________ for human consumption. nV . As an employee of the local polling service last summer, it was my job to people on the street and ask their opinions. 2 }. Many a rich southern planter saw all his or her financial resources swallowed up in the _____________ of the Civil War. B . After the prisoner had been found guilty of treason, he was led before a firing squad and —___________ executed. 5. Saying that “people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones” is not an effective response to their _____________ on your conduct 6. During the rainy season, the highway sank at so many points that its surface began to —______________ like the track for a roller coaster. 7. | stand before you an abject ________, hoping against hope for a sign of your forgiveness. 8. My brother is such a(n) ___________ collector of toy soldiers that | sometimes think our house has been invaded by a pint-sized army. 9. The suffix -ling often has a(n) ______________ connotation, as in the word princeling, derived from prince. 10. On the return trip, we cut straight across the meadows rather than take the more path along the river. 1 . In Grandmother's day, standards of _________ required that a young lady wear a hat and gloves when she went out in public. 12, The ___ with which he accepted our invitation to dinner suggested that he was badly in need of a good meal 13. The tons of _____ material ignited and turned the waste disposal plant into a roaring inferno. 14, In the eyes of most Americans, people who burn or spit on our flag are guilty of an intolerable 15. We looked back on those ______ years before the war broke out as akind of “golden age” in our history. 16. Any book on chess strategy usually discusses the standard opening moves, such as the “knights —________ 17. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor was a(n) ___________ act of war. Unit 2 = 3118. Down in the main square, a wrinkled old peasant was selling charms and _______ toward off the evil eye 19. To be really convincing on stage, an opera singer must possess both vocal and abilities 20. His pale face, hunched shoulders, and ________________ stare showed that he had spent his life poring over old books and documents. Choose the word from this unit that is the same or most nearly the same in meaning as the boldface word or expression in the given phrase. Write the word on the line provided. . a tireless petitioner . alucky amulet . the vortex of public opinion . ripple in the current 1 2 3 4 5. was taken in by her stratagem 6. outraged by the desecration 7. apologized for his unnecessary rebuke 8. swam in the briny water 9. abruptly resigned from the Cabinet 10. behaved with her usual decorum 11, memories of our serene beginnings 12. confronted the thief at the door 43. completed the job with alaerity 14, their derogatory references to his past 15. took an indirect route Choose the word from this unit that is most nearly opposite in Antomymns — meaning to the boldface word or expression in the given phrase. Write the word on the line provided. 16. identified the peacemaker 17. made a very low-keyed plea for mercy 18. one of the most reluctant participants 19. known for farsighted thinking 20. took secret action to avoid a crisis 32 = Unit 2Choosing the Circle the boldface word that more satisfactorily completes each Right Word of the following sentences. 1. His reckless words had an (incendiary, overt) effect on the already excited crowd, and large-scale rioting resulted. 2. He is the kind of person who is concerned not with real moral values but simply with appearances and (propriety, celerity) 3. He regarded his Phi Beta Kappa key as a(n) (talisman, animadversion) that would open all doors and win him universal acceptance. 4. Aiter years of failure to sell a single story, the young writer described himself bitterly as “a(n) (pejorative, avid) collector of rejection slips.” 5. She was buffeted about in a veritable (gambit, maelstrom) of emotions, caused mainly by her own dissatisfaction with herself. 6. His methods were so complicated and his purposes so (avid, devious) that we were not sure if he was spying on the enemy or on us. 7. Without even considering the new evidence that | was prepared to present, they (deviously, summarily) denied my appeal to reopen the case. 8. In an age when the United States has truly global responsibilities, we can ill afford leaders with (myopic, pejorative) points of view. . The adoring fan regarded my negative comments about his favorite singer as tantamount to (maelstrom, sacrilege). 1 | certainly do not claim that my performance in office was beyond criticism, but | deeply resent (animadversions, maelstroms) on my honesty. . Although all politicians must have some ability to dramatize themselves, it is very easy to overdo the (proprieties, histrionics). 12. As the defendant left the courtroom, he was (gambited, accosted) by a group of reporters seeking his reaction to the verdict 13. Walt tends to react slowly, but when he feels that his own interests are at stake he can move with striking (celerity, myopia) 14. Since the word appeasement is associated with disastrous concessions to Adolf Hitler, it has acquired a(n) (pejorative, overt) connotation. 15. John Masefield’s poem “Sea Fever” has an (avid, undulating) rhythm that actually gives one the feeling of being on a rolling ship. 16. “His acts of defiance have been so (myopic, overt) and premeditated that | have no choice but to fire him,” she said sadly, 17. Instead of imbibing the (brackish, suppliant) waters of superstition, let us refresh ourselves with long drafts of pure, clean common sense 18. "| realize that this kind of financial (gambit, sacrilege) has its risks,” she said, “but | expect it to pay off handsomely in the end.” 19. Nary a ripple disturbed the (halcyon, brackish) calm of the sea on that glorious summer's afternoon. 20. The infatuated schoolboy, in one of his more restrained expressions, described himself as “a (sacrilege, suppliant) at the altar of love.” Unit 2 = 33Read the following passage, in which some of the words you have studied in this unit appear in boldface type. Then complete each statement given below the passage by circling the letter of the item that is the same or almost the same in meaning as the highlighted word. The Wonder Around Us Most people today have a far greater appreciation of the preciousness of the land and sea than the general public living just a half century ago. In the 1940s and 1950s, many held the myopic view that natural resources were limitless and impervious to pollution. The marine biologist Rachel Carson (1907-1964) was one of the first scientists to challenge these widely held assumptions. She did so by (6) writing a series of evocative books about the sea, culminating in the 1951 bestseller, The Sea Around Us. To the surprise of many, Carson found an avid audience for her unique blend of science and lyricism and became one of the pioneers of the growing ecological movement. (10) Through her imaginative prose, Carson made the brackish waters of the world’s oceans come alive for her readers. She helped them see that the ocean was not a deep, dark, empty (15) abyss, but a living home to a fascinating array of plants and animals. Carson also dramatized the intricate relationship between wind and water. The rotation of the earth, water (20) temperature, and wind combine to produce the great ocean currents— giant global maelstroms that carry the sea's waters in roughly circular patterns. The wind also whips up the ocean waters into waves that undulate across (25) the sea’s surface. Carson explained that these waves vary from the smallest ripples to giant mountains of water, called tsunamis, that travel up to 600 miles per hour—with a sometimes startling celerity—and cause great damage when they come ashore. No matter what force of nature Carson evoked, she never failed to make her reader feel a part of the process she was describing, and to respect the earth and seas. (30) (Line) The endangered blue whale is indigenous to oceans alll over the world. 1. The meaning of myopic (line 3) is a. imaginative c. democratic b. enlightened d. shortsighted 2. Avid (line 7) most nearly means a. enthusiastic c. critical b. grateful d. varied 3. Brackish (line 12) is best defined as a. frigid c. deep b. briny d. mysterious 34 = Unit2 4. The meaning of maelstroms (line 23) is a, whirlpools c. motors b. explosions d. earthquakes 5. Undulate (line 25) most nearly means a. creep c. ripple b. sing d. reflect 6. Celerity (line 28) most nearly means a. quantity c. speed b. cost d. time