Digital Logic Circuit on Motion Sensing using IR Sensor and

IC-4017
Aliul Hassan Olee1
1
Department of Aeronautical Engineering (Avionics), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Aviation and Aerospace University Lalmonirhat
Posted on 21 Oct 2024 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.172954480.08325884/v1 — e-Prints posted on TechRxiv are preliminary reports that are not peer reviewed. They should not b...

October 21, 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of a motion sensor circuit, demonstrating the integration of digital logic
components to create a responsive system. The circuit’s operation is based on the principle of motion-induced infrared detec-
tion. The IR sensor emits infrared radiation, which, upon detecting motion, triggers the CD-4017 IC to advance its outputs,
sequentially activating the Triac BT136 and illuminating an LED. The paper elaborates on the theory of operation, the practical
procedures for building the circuit, the cost analysis, challenges, and precautions. The results of the experiment confirm the
circuit’s functionality, demonstrating reliable motion sensing and response. This project not only provides hands-on experience
in digital logic circuits but also underscores the significance of meticulous component selection, careful assembly, and safety in
electronics projects. Building this motion sensor circuit offers valuable insights into motion detection technology with practical
applications in security and automation systems.

1
 Digital Logic Circuit on Motion Sensing using
IR Sensor and IC-4017
Aliul Hassan Olee
Department of Aeronautical
Engineering (Avionics)
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Aviation and Aerospace University
Lalmonirhat, Bangladesh
[email protected]
ORCiD: 0009-0000-8617-2222

Abstract— This paper presents the design and detecting the reflection of this radiation from nearby objects.
implementation of a motion sensor circuit, demonstrating the When an object moves within the detection range of the
integration of digital logic components to create a responsive sensor, it reflects the emitted IR signal back to the sensor,
system. The circuit's operation is based on the principle of creating a change in the sensor's output. This change serves as
motion-induced infrared detection. The IR sensor emits a motion detection trigger.
infrared radiation, which, upon detecting motion, triggers the
CD-4017 IC to advance its outputs, sequentially activating the The output of the IR sensor, now altered due to detected
Triac BT136 and illuminating an LED. The paper elaborates on motion, is used as a clock input for the CD-4017 IC. The CD-
the theory of operation, the practical procedures for building 4017 is a versatile integrated circuit that acts as a decade
the circuit, the cost analysis, challenges, and precautions. The counter. It has ten output pins, and with each clock pulse it
results of the experiment confirm the circuit's functionality, receives, it advances to the next output pin. This sequential
demonstrating reliable motion sensing and response. This progression of outputs allows for a controlled sequence of
project not only provides hands-on experience in digital logic events. Each output of the CD-4017 is connected to the base
circuits but also underscores the significance of meticulous of a BC-547 transistor. The transistor acts as an amplifier,
component selection, careful assembly, and safety in electronics increasing the current from the CD-4017 to a level that can
projects. Building this motion sensor circuit offers valuable drive the gate of the Triac BT136.
insights into motion detection technology with practical
applications in security and automation systems. The Triac is a solid-state device used for switching AC
loads. When triggered by the BC-547 transistor, it conducts,
Keywords— Motion sensor; Digital logic circuit; IR proximity allowing AC power to flow to the connected load, which in
sensor;CD-4017 IC;BC-547 transistor ; Triac BT136; this case is an LED.[4]
I. INTRODUCTION As a result, when motion is detected, the IR sensor sends
In the exciting world of digital logic circuits, we embark a pulse to the CD-4017 IC, advancing its output, and
on a project that leverages the capabilities of various subsequently activating the BC-547 transistor, which triggers
electronic components to create a motion-activated system. the Triac BT136. This, in turn, powers the LED, creating a
Our project centres on the functionality of an IR proximity visible response to detected motion. The circuit operates in a
sensor, which, upon detecting motion, sends a pulse to the loop, advancing through the CD-4017 outputs with each
clock input of the CD-4017 IC (Integrated Circuit). This pulse detected motion, activating the LED and resetting once all
triggers the counter integrated into the IC, causing it to outputs have been cycled through. This elaborate interplay of
advance to the next output. The output of the counter is components illustrates the core principle of motion sensing
connected to the coil of a Triac BT136, and when the counter and its application in various real-world scenarios.
advances to the next output, it activates the Triac, IV. MOTION SENSOR CIRCUIT DESIGN
consequently illuminating an LED. [1][2]
A. Designing the Motion sensor circuit in Proteus.
II. OBJECTIVE
By utilizing the basic concept of the motion sensor circuit,
The objective of this project is to showcase the application we started to construct the circuit in the Porteus software. We
of digital logic circuits in the realm of motion detection and were able to find all the components in the library of Proteus
device control, while adhering to a budget by considering the software. After some simple trial and error, we were able to
cost of components. To construct our system, we will employ create the required design to build the motion sensing circuit.
the following components based on their availability and price Then we compile the circuit and successfully run the
considerations.[3] The ensuing sections of this report will simulation. The results are given in the following images.
provide in-depth details on component selection, circuit
design, implementation, and test results, offering a
comprehensive exploration of our motion-activated digital
logic circuit.[2].
III. THEORY OF MOTION SENSOR CIRCUIT
The principle of a motion sensor circuit, which
incorporates components such as an IR proximity sensor, CD-
4017 IC, BC-547 transistor, and Triac BT136, relies on the
fundamental concept of motion-induced infrared detection.
Here's a detailed explanation of how these components work
together to achieve this: Fig 1: Design on the MS circuit in Proteus Software
The IR proximity sensor plays a pivotal role in the circuit.
It operates by emitting a beam of infrared radiation and then
B. Simulating the Motion Sensor Circuit in PCB Board
After successfully designing the circuit in the Proteus
software, we designed the entire circuit in the PCB board
construction mode in Proteus software, to get a better view of
the circuit and to get a better understanding of the wire
management of the circuit. This is done to avoid short circuits
and any other simple complication mistake of the electronic
components. because it is easier to burn the electronic
components if there is a slight mistake in the placement of the
components in the zero PCB board.

Fig 3: Implemented IR Proximity sensor

ii. CD-4017 IC (Decade Counter): The CD-4017 is a

versatile integrated circuit that functions as a decade
counter. It has ten outputs, one of which is active at
a time in a sequence. It advances to the next output
with each clock pulse input.

Fig 2(i): Design on the MS circuit in PCB Board on Proteus Software (top
view)

Fig 4: Pin Diagram and the top view of implemented IR Proximity sensor

iii. BC-547 Transistor: The BC-547 is a general-

purpose NPN transistor. In this circuit, it is used to
amplify the current from the CD-4017 IC to drive
the Triac BT136.

Fig 2(ii): Design on the MS circuit in PCB Board on Proteus Software

(bottom view)

V. LIST OF THE COMPONENTS

Our motion sensor circuitry designs several electronic
components which is already explained briefly. A detail
information is given below:

i. IR Proximity Sensor: The IR proximity sensor emits

infrared (IR) radiation and detects the reflection of
that radiation from nearby objects. When an object
moves within its detection range, it reflects the IR
signal back to the sensor, triggering its output. Fig 5: Diagram of implemented Transistor BC-547

iv. 10uF, 50V Capacitor: This capacitor is connected to

smooth out voltage fluctuations and improve the
stability of the circuit.
v. 1kΩ Resistor: The resistor is used to limit the current
to the base of the BC-547 transistor.
 vi. 3.7V Battery: The power source for the circuit, • We connect the emitter of the BC-547
providing the necessary voltage for operation. transistor to the ground (negative terminal) of
vii. Triac BT136: A Triac is a solid-state device used for the battery.
switching AC loads. In this circuit, the Triac is • We then wire the LED in such a way that one
controlled by the CD-4017 and is responsible for of its leads is connected to MT2 of the Triac,
activating or deactivating the LED. and the other lead is connected to the positive
terminal of the battery.

For the final check, we pressed all the components firmly

on the zero breadboard and set up the circuit with the
minimum amount of wire configuration. Finally, we power on
the circuit by closing the switch or connecting the battery and
verifying that the circuit works as expected. The LED
activates when motion is detected by the IR sensor.

Fig 6: Diagram for Triac BT 136

VII. RESULTS

The motion sensor circuit's operation was successfully

demonstrated by the experimental setup. The circuit precisely
advanced the outputs of the CD-4017 IC upon motion
viii. Battery Case: A housing for the battery to ensure a detection by the IR proximity sensor. This triggered the Triac
safe and secure power supply. BT136 to activate, which in turn illuminated the LED. This
ix. Zero PCB (Printed Circuit Board): A PCB provides motion-activated response confirmed that the circuit will
a platform for connecting and arranging the function as expected.
components neatly, allowing for easy assembly and
electrical connections.
x. Switch: This is an optional component to manually
enable or disable the circuit.

VI. PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTATION

Our motion sensor circuitry designs several electronic

components which is already explained briefly. At first, we
tried to organize all the components and ensured that we had
all the necessary tools, like a soldering iron, solder, and wire
cutters. according to the simulation of the PCB board. Then,
using the simulation, we plan the layout of your circuit on the
Zero PCB, identifying the locations for each component and
their connections. We make sure that there is enough space
for the components and traces. We then solder the IR
proximity sensor onto the PCB, ensuring it is securely
attached and aligned correctly. We mount the CD-4017 IC
onto the PCB, ensuring that the notch on the IC aligns with Fig 7: View of Motion Sensor Circuit after completion
the corresponding notch or mark on the PCB. We place the
BC-547 transistor, the 10uF capacitor, and the 1kΩ resistor
on the PCB in their designated positions as per our layout.
Connect the 3.7V battery to the circuit, ensuring correct
polarity. We installed a switch in line with the battery
connection for manual on/off control. We then place the Triac
BT136 onto the PCB, taking care to correctly identify and
connect the gate, MT1, and MT2 pins ensuring a proper heat-
sinking for the Triac, as it may generate heat during
operation. The interconnections of the components are as
follows:
Fig 8: View of Working Circuit (left : motion not detected ),( right :
• We connect the output of the CD-4017 to the motion detected )
base of the BC-547 transistor.
• We connect the collector of the BC-547
transistor to the gate of the Triac BT136.
 VIII. COST ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT 3. Verifying Proper Operation:
✓ Upon switching on, the indicator of the IR sensor
TABLE I. Cost analysis of the Project should illuminate, indicating that the circuit is
functioning correctly. This visual confirmation is
essential to ensure the circuit is powered and ready
Serial Name of the Unit
No. Components
Quantity
Price
Total price for motion detection.
1 IR proximity sensor 1 Tk 70 Tk 70
2 IC CD-4017 1 Tk 30 Tk 30 4. Connecting the IR Sensor:
3 Transistor (BC-547) 2 Tk 5 Tk 10 ✓ Proceed to the second stage of installation, which
Capacitor (10uF,
4
50V)
2 Tk 10 Tk 20 involves connecting cables to the two terminals of
5 Resistor (1kΩ) 1 Tk 2 Tk 2 the IR sensor.
6 Battery (3.7V) 1 Tk 70 Tk 70 ✓ Ensure that you use appropriate cables with
7 Triac BT136 1 Tk30 Tk30 suitable connectors for the connections.
Zero PCB (Printed
8 1 Tk 30 Tk 30
Circuit Board)
9 Switch 1 Tk 10 Tk 10 5. Wiring to an AC Source and Bulb:
10 Battery Case 1 Tk 30 Tk 30 ✓ For motion-activated control of an AC-powered
light bulb or any load, connect the IR sensor to the
Total Cost Tk 302
AC source and the bulb in a series circuit.
✓ Connect one cable from the IR sensor to one
terminal of the bulb and another cable from the IR
sensor to the AC source.
IX. MOTION-ACTIVATED SENSOR CIRCUIT USER MANUAL ✓ Ensure proper wiring, making sure that the circuit
is in series.
The motion-activated sensor circuit is designed to detect
6. Testing:
motion using an IR proximity sensor and activate an output,
✓ With the circuit properly wired, test the motion
such as a light bulb. This user manual provides step-by-step
detection system. Wave your hand or an object in
instructions for installing and using the circuit.
front of the IR sensor.
✓ The IR sensor should detect the motion and trigger
A. Components included in the circuit: the circuit, causing the connected bulb to light up.
• IR proximity sensor
• CD-4017 IC (Decade Counter) 7. Maintenance:
• BC-547 transistor (2pcs) ✓ Regularly check the battery's charge level and
replace it when necessary.
• 10uF, 50V capacitor (2 pcs)
✓ Ensure that all connections remain secure.
• 1kΩ resistor
• 3.7V Li battery Safety Precautions:
• Triac BT136 ✓ Be cautious when working with electrical
• battery case components and connections. Follow standard
• Zero PCB (Printed Circuit Board) safety practices to prevent electric shock or injury.
• Switch
• LED bulb (optional, not included) By following these installation and usage instructions, any
user can effectively set up and operate the motion-activated
sensor circuit. This circuit can have applications in various
scenarios, such as motion-activated lighting or security
B. Installation Steps:
systems.
1. Installing the 3.7V Li Battery:
✓ Open the battery case. X. CHALLENGES FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND THE
✓ Insert the provided 3.7V Li battery into the battery SOLUTIONS
case, ensuring the correct polarity (positive and
negative terminals). The results of the experiment support the underlying
✓ Close the battery case securely. theory of motion sensing and response using the given
components. The circuit's precise and dependable functioning
2. Turning on the Switch: validates that the infrared sensor successfully identified
✓ Locate the switch on the circuit. The switch may be motion, starting a series of events in accordance with the
integrated into the battery case or as a separate outputs of the CD-4017 IC. Consequently, this managed the
component. condition of the LED and Triac BT136.
✓ Turn the switch to the "ON" position. This will
The circuit's usefulness in motion detection applications,
power the entire circuit. like automation or security systems, is demonstrated by the
results analysis. One may confidently design and deploy
motion-activated systems by knowing the order of events and
the function of each component.
 As we embarked on this project, one of the first challenges circuit layout assisted in troubleshooting any
we encountered was selecting the right components. issues that arose during assembly.
Component compatibility, voltage, and current requirements
had to be meticulously considered to avoid circuit malfunction • Lastly, during the testing phase, we followed a
or damage. The process of choosing these components gradual power-up procedure, monitoring for any
demanded thorough research and attention to detail unexpected behaviors to prevent component
damage due to excessive voltage or current.
Calibrating the IR sensor's sensitivity was a particularly
essential but challenging task. Striking the right balance was By being aware of these challenges and taking the
crucial; too much sensitivity could lead to false triggers, while necessary precautions, we was able to successfully
too little could result in missed detections. Achieving the navigate this project while ensuring my safety and the
perfect calibration was a matter of precision and patience. reliability of the circuit. It was a fulfilling experience
that taught us the importance of precision, safety, and
In addition, we faced the challenge of interference from meticulous planning in electronics projects.
other IR sources, such as sunlight or fluorescent lights, which
could affect the sensor's performance. To mitigate this, we had
to explore shielding techniques and potentially introduce XI. CONCLUSION
filters to minimize false triggers.
Heat management, particularly for the Triac BT136, was In conclusion, the project on the motion sensor circuit was
another consideration. The Triac has the potential to generate successfully validated the motion sensor circuit's operation.
heat during extended operation, which required me to ensure The results, analysis, and justifications affirm the circuit's
proper heat sinking and ventilation for the circuit to prevent practicality for motion detection applications, although
overheating. challenges such as sensor sensitivity and component selection
Lastly, safety precautions were paramount throughout the should be considered in real-world implementations. This
project. We maintained a cautious approach when handling experiment serves as a foundational step in understanding and
electronic components and working with a soldering iron to utilizing motion-activated digital logic circuits.
prevent burns, electric shocks, and fire hazards.
To counter these challenges, we took several precautions.
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