Submitted by: Sanjeebani Panda

Admission No: 241210097

Submitted to: Dr. B. K. Pani
Officer in charge, AICRP on Mushroom Directorate of Research
OUAT, BBSR

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 A BRIEF HISTORY ON AICRP ON MUSHROOM
The All India Coordinated Research Project on Mushroom (AICRP
on Mushroom) is a research program that aims to increase the
production and use of mushrooms in India. The project is part of the
ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research (DMR) in Solan, Himachal
Pradesh.

OBJECTIVES:
o Improve mushroom varieties and hybrids
o Develop new cultivation practices
o Protect crops from pests and disease
o Improve post-harvest technology
o Popularize mushroom cultivation
o Develop value-added products from mushrooms

ACTIVITIES:
o Conduct trials with improved mushroom varieties
o Train and educate farmers about mushroom cultivation
o Survey wild mushrooms and catalog edible and medicinal species
o Evaluate promising mushroom strains for regional adaptability
o Develop technologies for using locally available materials as substrates
Centers 2
 MUSHROOM MAN OF ODISHA
Santosh Mishra is an entrepreneur
from Odisha who attended a mushroom
farming training program at the Odisha
University of Agriculture and
Technology (OUAT) in Bhubaneswar.
He went on to start a mushroom farm
and become a mushroom millionaire.

How Santosh started his mushroom

farm:
• Santosh bought four bottles of
mushroom spawn from OUAT in 1989
with just Rs 36
• He started his farm in a shed with
100 beds
• He sold 5.2 kg of oyster mushrooms to
corporate offices near his college
• He expanded his farm to 3,000 beds
with a loan from his father
• He became a mushroom millionaire in
the 1990s
What Santosh has done:
• He established a spawn production and training center in his village
• He has trained over one lakh people for free, especially women and people from
disadvantaged backgrounds
• He has trained over 9 lakh people across multiple states through paid training
programs
• He is setting up a food processing unit to produce mushroom flour, pickles,
snacks, and more.

Santosh's story is about overcoming adversity, empowering communities, and

pioneering sustainable agricultural practice

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 EQUIPMENTS IN AICRP ON MUSHROOMS IN OUAT
GAS CYLINDER VERTICAL AUTOCLAVE

BOD INCUBATOR

HORIZONTAL AUTOCLAVE REFRIGERATOR

HOT AIR OVEN
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 MATERIALS USED IN MUSHROOM SPAWN PRODUCTION
BOILED CULTURE TUBE STRAW
WHEAT GRAIN

SLANT

AUTOCLAVE

SPIRIT LAMP
GLASS BOTTLES

INOCULATION
TUBE 6
 EXPERIENCES EARNED
S PAW N P R O D U CT I O N
The process for making mushroom spawn
involves sterilizing grains, mixing them with
mycelium, and then using the mixture to
"seed" mushroom compost.
1. Sterilize grains:
• Use an autoclave to sterilize grains or
sawdust at 121°C and 15 PSI
• Boil grains to the right consistency so they
don't break after inoculation
2. Select mycelium:
• Choose mycelium from a pure culture
3. Mix mycelium and grains:
• Place the mycelium on the sterilized grains
& mix the grains and mycelium thoroughly
4. Use aseptic conditions:
• Work in a laminar airflow cabinet to
minimize contamination
• Wear gloves

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 OYE STER MUSHROOM PRODUCTION
1. Prepare the substrate:
• Use a material like straw, sawdust, or
other agro-waste that contains cellulo-
lignin
• Chop the material into 3–5 cm pieces
• Soak the material in water with chemicals
like Bavistin and formaldehyde to sterilize it
2. Prepare the spawn:
• Use a pure culture of the Pleurotus sp.
• Mix half-cooked grains with CaCO₃ powder
• Fill the grains into sterilized bottles and
incubate at room temperature for 15 days
3. Spawn the substrate:
• Fill bags with the substrate and spawn at a
2% rate
• Arrange the bags on shelves
4. Manage the crop:
• Keep the humidity high (80–90%)
• Allow air to circulate the growing area
• Harvest it by twisting them firmly at the
base
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 PADDY STRAW MYUSHROOM CULTIVATION
Paddy straw mushrooms are grown by preparing a bed
of straw, adding spawn, and covering it with a plastic
sheet.
The procedure involves the following steps:
1. Prepare the straw: Soak the straw in water for 12
hrs, then drain the excess water. Make the bed: Place
the straw in a zigzag pattern on a platform.
2. Add spawn: Sprinkle spawn on the straw, about 15
cm from the edge. You can also add a little gram
powder.
3. Build layers: Repeat the steps of adding straw and
spawn to create multiple layers
4. Compact the bed: Press the bed to remove air and
make it compact.
5. Cover the bed: Cover the bed with a plastic sheet or
gunny sheet to prevent water loss.
6. Maintain the temperature: Keep the temperature of
the compost between 32°C and 34°C.
7. Inspect for growth: After a couple of days, look for a
fine web-like growth where you added the spawn
8. Increase airflow: Increase airflow without letting the
substrate dry out.
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 GANODERMA MUSHROOM PRODUCTION
The process for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum,
also known as Reishi mushrooms, involves several
steps:

1. Prepare the substrate: Fill PP bags with a wet

substrate, such as wheat grains or sawdust
2. Sterilize: Place the bags in an autoclave at a
high temperature and pressure for a set amount
of time
3. Cool: Allow the bags to cool to room
temperature
4. Spawn: Aseptically add a small amount of
spawn to the substrate
5. Incubate: Place the bags in a dark room at a
specific temperature for a set amount of time
6. Open the bags: Move the bags to a cropping
room with the right conditions for fruiting
7. Harvest: When the mushrooms are fully
mature, pluck them off by hand or with scissors
8. Fruiting: The mushrooms will begin to fruit, or
pin, after a period of time.
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T Y P E S O F M U S H RO O M S A N D T H E I R E C O N O M I C S
1. PADDY STRAW MUSHROOM

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2. OYSTER MUSHROOM

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 ODISHA AND MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
 Odisha holds the position of India's 3rd largest mushroom producer,
contributing more than 9% of the nation's total mushroom output; this means
that a significant portion of India's mushrooms are cultivated here.

• The growth rate of mushroom in

the global level is remaining
almost constant.
• In the perspective of Odisha, the
annual growth rate is uneven over
the years.
• Although in 2018 there was a
negative growth rate but it was
one per cent only. But in these ten
years there is a four time increase
in the production.
• So, it can be comprehended that
though India and Odisha are
witnessing good progress in
production with a sound growth
rate, several years hence they may
also experience production
plateau
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 In Odisha four districts i.e., Puri,
Ganjam, Khurda, Dhenkanal
contribute almost 60% of total
mushroom production in the
state.
 So, it can be said that there are
regions of concentration within
countries and states even in
global level too.
 A deeper study also indicated
that there are regions of
concentration within districts.
 In Ganjam district it is highly
localised in Chikiti, Chhatrapur
and Rangeilunda blocks while in
Puri districts it is highly
localised in Nimapara, Pipili and
Satyabadi blocks.
 Similarly with other districts like
Dhenkanal i.e., Odapada and
Dhenkanal sadar blocks and
Khurda i.e., Balainta, Balipatna
and Khurda blocks
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 LEARNING EXPERIENCE OF MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
FROM PPT-111
• Understand the basics of mushroom biology and cultivation
• Learn about different types of mushrooms and their cultivation requirements
• Acquire hands on experience in mushroom cultivation, including spawn
preparation, substrate preparation, and environmental control
• Understand the importance of sanitation, pest management, and climate control
in mushroom cultivation
• Learn about the business aspects of mushroom cultivation, including marketing
and sales
• Module 1: Introduction to Mushroom Biology and Cultivation Overview of
mushroom biology and life cycle -- History and importance of mushroom
cultivation
• Module 2: Mushroom Species and Cultivation Requirements Overview of
different types of mushrooms (e.g., oyster, shiitake, button) - Cultivation
requirements for each species (e.g., temperature, humidity, substrate)
• Module 3: Spawn Preparation and Substrate Preparation - Hands-on training in
preparing mushroom spawn and substrate - Understanding the importance of
sterilization and pasteurization.
• Module 4: Environmental Control and Climate Management - Understanding
the importance of temperature, humidity, and light control in mushroom
cultivation - Hands-on training in setting up and managing environmental
control systems.
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• Module 5: Pest Management and Sanitation - Understanding the importance of
sanitation and pest management in mushroom cultivation - Hands-on training in
identifying and managing pests and diseases
• Module 6: Business Aspects of Mushroom Cultivation
• Overview of the business aspects of mushroom cultivation, including marketing and
sales Understanding the importance of branding, packaging, and labeling.
• Practical Training- Hands-on training in mushroom cultivation, including spawn
preparation, substrate preparation, and environmental control- Practical experience in
setting up and managing a mushroom cultivation facility- Opportunities to interact
with experienced mushroom cultivators and learn from their experiences
• Assessment and Certification- Assessment of students' understanding and practical
skills through quizzes, exams, and practical evaluations- Certification upon successful
completion of the course
• Career Opportunities- Mushroom cultivation specialist- Mushroom farm manager-
Entrepreneur in mushroom cultivation and sales- Researcher in mushroom biology
and cultivation

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