ASSIGNMENT NO 02

Decision making and Loop Control Structure

Practice Program:

1. Write R and program to accept an integer and check if even or add.

Solution:

number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter an integer: "))

Check if the number is even or odd

if (number %% 2 == 0) {

cat(number, "is an even number.\n")

} else {

cat(number, "is an odd number.\n")

2. Write a R program, which accepts annual basic salary of employee & calculate & displays
the income tax as per the following

Solution:

annual_salary <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = "Enter the annual basic salary of the

income_tax <- 0

if (annual_salary <= 10000) {

income_tax <- 0

} else if (annual_salary <= 30000) {

income_tax <- (annual_salary - 10000) * 0.10

income_tax <- (20000 * 0.10) + (annual_salary - 30000) * 0.20

} else {

income_tax <- (20000 * 0.10) + (20000 * 0.20) + (annual_salary - 50000) * 0.30

cat("The calculated income tax is: $", round(income_tax, 2), "\n")

3. Accept a character check whether the character is a vowel or consonant.

Solution:

char <- tolower(readline(prompt = "Enter a character: "))

if (nchar(char) != 1) {

cat("Please enter a single character.\n")

} else {

if (char %in% c('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u')) {

cat(char, "is a vowel.\n")

} else if (char %in% letters) {

cat(char, "is a consonant.\n")

} else {

cat("Please enter a valid alphabetic character.\n")

4. Write a R program to accept any year as input & check whether the year is.
leap year or not.
Solution:

year <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a year: "))

if ((year %% 4 == 0 && year %% 100 != 0) || (year %% 400 == 0)) {

cat(year, "is a leap year.\n")

} else {

cat(year, "is not a leap year.\n")

SET A

1. Write a R program to display the first 10 Fibonacci numbers.

Solution:

fibonacci <- function(n) {

fib_seq <- numeric(n) # Create a numeric vector of length n

fib_seq[1] <- 0 # First Fibonacci number

fib_seq[2] <- 1 # Second Fibonacci number

for (i in 3:n) {

fib_seq[i] <- fib_seq[i - 1] + fib_seq[i - 2] # Calculate next Fibonacci number

return(fib_seq)

n <- 10
 fib_numbers <- fibonacci(n)

cat("The first", n, "Fibonacci numbers are:\n", fib_numbers, "\n")

2. Write a R program to calculate sum of digits of a given input number.

Solution:

sum_of_digits <- function(num) {

digits <- strsplit(as.character(num), "")[[1]]

sum_digits <- sum(as.numeric(digits))

return(sum_digits)

number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number: "))

result <- sum_of_digits(number)

cat("The sum of the digits of", number, "is:", result, "\n")

3. Write a R program to check whether the input number is Armstrong or not.

Solution:

is_armstrong <- function(num) {

digits <- as.character(num)

n <- nchar(digits) # Count the number of digits

sum_of_powers <- sum(as.numeric(unlist(strsplit(digits, "")))^n)

return(sum_of_powers == num) # Return TRUE if it is an Armstrong number

number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number: "))

cat(number, "is an Armstrong number.\n")

} else {

cat(number, "is not an Armstrong number.\n")

4. Write a R program to check a number is a perfect number or not.

Solution:

is_perfect_number <- function(num) {

if (num <= 0) {

return(FALSE) # Perfect numbers are positive integers

divisors_sum <- sum(which(num %% 1:(num - 1) == 0))

return(divisors_sum == num) # Return TRUE if it is a perfect number

number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number: "))

if (is_perfect_number(number)) {

cat(number, "is a perfect number.\n")

} else {

cat(number, "is not a perfect number.\n")

5. Write a R script to display multiplication. table of a given input number.

multiplication_table <- function(num) {

cat("Multiplication Table for", num, ":\n")

for (i in 1:10) {

result <- num * i

cat(num, "x", i, "=", result, "\n")

number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number: "))

multiplication_table(number)

SET B

1. Write a R program to get all prime numbers up to given number.

Solution:

is_prime <- function(num) {

if (num <= 1) {

return(FALSE) # Numbers less than 2 are not prime

for (i in 2:sqrt(num)) {

if (num %% i == 0) {

return(FALSE) # If divisible, it's not prime

}
 return(TRUE) # If not divisible, it is prime

get_primes_up_to <- function(limit) {

primes <- c() # Initialize an empty vector to store prime numbers

for (num in 2:limit) {

if (is_prime(num)) {

primes <- c(primes, num) # Add the prime number to the vector

return(primes) # Return the vector of prime numbers

number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number: "))

prime_numbers <- get_primes_up_to(number)

cat("Prime numbers up to", number, "are:", prime_numbers, "\n")

2. Write a R program to accept the cost price and Selling price from the key -board. Find out
if the seller has made a profit Or loss & display how much profit or loss has been made.

Solution:

calculate_profit_loss <- function(cost_price, selling_price) {

if (selling_price > cost_price) {

profit <- selling_price - cost_price

cat("The seller has made a profit of: $", profit, "\n")

} else if (selling_price < cost_price) {

loss <- cost_price - selling_price

} else {

cat("There is no profit or loss. The selling price is equal to the cost price.\n")

cost_price <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = "Enter the cost price: "))

selling_price <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = "Enter the selling price: "))

3. Accept the x and y coordinate of a point and find the quadrant in which the point lies.

Solution:

find_quadrant <- function(x, y) {

if (x > 0 && y > 0) {

return("The point lies in Quadrant I")

} else if (x < 0 && y > 0) {

return("The point lies in Quadrant II")

} else if (x < 0 && y < 0) {

return("The point lies in Quadrant III")

} else if (x > 0 && y < 0) {

return("The point lies in Quadrant IV")

} else if (x == 0 && y != 0) {

return("The point lies on the Y-axis")

} else if (y == 0 && x != 0) {

return("The point lies on the X-axis")

return("The point lies at the origin (0,0)")

x <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = "Enter the x coordinate: "))

y <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = "Enter the y coordinate: "))

result <- find_quadrant(x, y)

cat(result, "\n")

4. Write a R program to check whether the input number is palindrome or not.

Solution:

is_palindrome <- function(number) {

num_str <- as.character(number)

reversed_str <- rev(strsplit(num_str, NULL)[[1]])

if (identical(num_str, paste(reversed_str, collapse = ""))) {

return(TRUE)

} else {

return(FALSE)

input_number <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = "Enter a number: "))

if (is_palindrome(input_number)) {

cat(input_number, "is a palindrome.\n")

cat(input_number, "is not a palindrome.\n")

5. Write a R program to accept a and count number of even, odd, zero digits
within that number.

Solution:

count_digits <- function(number) {

num_str <- as.character(number)

even_count <- 0

odd_count <- 0

zero_count <- 0

for (digit in strsplit(num_str, NULL)[[1]]) {

digit_num <- as.numeric(digit)

if (digit_num == 0) {

zero_count <- zero_count + 1

} else if (digit_num %% 2 == 0) {

even_count <- even_count + 1

} else {

odd_count <- odd_count + 1

return(list(even = even_count, odd = odd_count, zero = zero_count))

}
 input_number <- as.numeric(readline(prompt = "Enter a number: "))

result <- count_digits(input_number)

cat("Even digits:", result$even, "\n")

cat("Odd digits:", result$odd, "\n")

cat("Zero digits:", result$zero, "\n")

SET C:

1. Use a while loop to simulate one stock price path starting at 100 and random normally
distributed percentage jumps. with mean 0 and standard deviation of 0.01 each period.
How long does it take to reach above 150 or below 50?

Solution:

initial_price <- 100

current_price <- initial_price

mean_jump <- 0 # Mean of the percentage jumps

sd_jump <- 0.01 # Standard deviation of the percentage jumps

time_periods <- 0

while (current_price < 150 && current_price > 50) {

jump <- rnorm(1, mean_jump, sd_jump)

current_price <- current_price * (1 + jump)

time_periods <- time_periods + 1

if (current_price >= 150) {

cat("The stock price reached above 150 after", time_periods, "periods.\n")

} else {
cat("The stock price fell below 50 after", time_periods, "periods.\n")

cat("Final stock price:", round(current_price, 2), "\n")