MOBILE COMPUTING

(ETIT 452)

Faculty name : Dr. ML Sharma Student name: Vivek kumar

Roll No.: 14914803120
Semester: 8th
Group: 8I8

Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, PSP Area,

Sector – 22, Rohini, New Delhi – 110085

MAHARAJA AGRASEN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Information Technology

CO of the lab subject and its mapping with PO AND PSO

Course outcomes

ETIT‐452 Mobile Computing Lab

ETIT‐452 Student should be able to understand and recall the basic concept of WML
.1 (L1, L2)
ETIT‐452 Student should be able to apply WML programing to develop basic mobile
.2 applications and services. (L3, L6)
ETIT‐452 Student should be able to analyze typical functionalities of modern
.3 smartphones and should able to evaluate a mobile phone’s quality. (L4, L5).
ETIT‐452
Student should be able to create an android application. (L6)
.4

CO MOBILE COMPUTING
ETIT-452 PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
ETIT452.1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 2 1 3
ETIT452.2 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 3
ETIT452.3 3 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 3
ETIT452.4 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 3
Rubrics Evaluation
 1. Index for the Lab File is as follows:

OPERATING SYSTEMS LAB

PRACTICAL RECORD

PAPER CODE : ETIT - 452

Name of the student : Vivek kumar

University Roll No. : 14914803120

Branch : Information technology

Section/ Group : 8I8

PRACTICAL DETAILS

a) Experiments according to the list provided by GGSIPU

Experiment Date Experiment Name Marks (0-3) Total Signature

No. Marks
(15)
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
b) Experiments beyond the list provided by GGSIPU

Experiment Date Experiment Name Marks (0-3) Total Signature

No. Marks
(15)
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. Write a WML program to print a formatted Text on the mobile Screen using varioustags.
2. Write a WML program to connect multiple cards from same desk.
3. Write WML program to display table with three columns Image name, Image and thirdcolumn
contain hyperlink to open another card.
4. Write a WML program to create a form with multiple options.
5. Write a WML program to use the time control and to trigger On pick event
6. Write a WML script to find maximum out of two numbers with help of inbuilt functionLang.Max()
and to find absolute value with help of inbuilt function Lang.abs()
7. Write a Program in NS3 to Simulate OLSR
8. Write a Program in NS3 to Simulate AODV
9. Make an application of your choice using WML or Android.
10. Write a Android Program design an application using Hybrid Approah
 List of Experiment
(Beyond Curriculum)

1. Developing Android App such as E-Commerce based or E learning Based

apps
2. Simulate College or office network using NS3.
3. Program to develop a calling application.(Android)

4. Program to develop a mailing application. (Android)

5. Program to display the latitude and longitude of a user. (Android)

6. Program to design multiple activity class. (Android)

7. Program to design a contact application. (Android)

 Experiment No 1
AIM: Write a WML program to print a formatted Text on the mobile Screen using
various tags

a. Syntax

<p>
..text..
..images..
..links..
</p>
b. WML Tags and Attributes

Attribute Value Description

align left Aligns the paragraph. Default is "left"
right
center
mode wrap Sets whether a paragraph should wrap lines or not.
nowrap
xml:lang language_code Sets the language used in the element
class cdata Sets a class name for the element. The class name is case
sensitive. An element can be connected to multiple
classes. Multiple class names within the class attribute
are separated by white space
id id Sets a unique name for the element

<b> Defines bold text

<big> Defines big text
<em> Defines emphasized text
<i> Defines italic text
<small> Defines small text
<strong> Defines strong text
<u> Defines underlined text

OUTPUT:
 Viva Questions

Q.1: What Is the Use of WML Decks?

Q. No2: What is WSDL?

Q. No 3: What Are The WML Variable? How To Use Them?

Q. No 4; How Can We Refresh Card Variables?

 Experiment No 2
AIM: Write a WML program to connect multiple cards from same desk

Introduction about WML Tags:

The <anchor>...</anchor> tag pair is used to create an anchor link. It is used together with other
WML elements called <go/>, <refresh> or <prev/>. These elements are called task elements and
tell WAP browsers what to do when a user selects the anchor link

You can enclose Text or image along with a task tag inside <anchor>...</anchor> tag pair.

Attributes:

This element supports the following attributes:

Attribute Value Description

title cdata Defines a text identifying the link
xml:lang language_code Sets the language used in the element
class class data Sets a class name for the element.
id element ID A unique ID for the element.

Sample Outline of the Program ( Syntax)

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.2//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml12.dtd">
<wml>
<card title="Anchor Element">
<p>
<anchor>
<go href="nextpage.wml"/>
</anchor>
</p>
<p>
<anchor>
<prev/>
</anchor>
</p>
</card>
</wml>
Output:
 Viva Questions

Q1: What is the use of XML?

Q2: What is Meta Data?

Q4: What is the difference between HTML and WML?

Q5. What is XML DOM Document?

 Experiment No.3
AIM: Write WML program to display table with three columns Image name, Image
and third column contain hyperlink to open another card
Introduction about WML Tags:

The <table> element along with <tr> and <td> is used to create a table in WML. WML does not
allow the nesting of tables

A <table> element should be put with-in <p>...</p> elements.

Attributes:

The <table /> element supports the following attributes:

Attribute Value Description

columns number Sets the number of columns in the table
align L To specify the horizontal text alignment of the
C columns, you need to assign three letters to the align
R attribute. Each letter represents the horizontal text
alignment of a column. The letter can be L, C, or R.
For example, if you want the following settings to be
applied to your table:
First table column -- Left-aligned
Second table column -- Center-aligned
Third table column -- Right-aligned
Then you should set the value of the align attribute to
LCR.
xml:lang language_code Sets the language used in the element
class class data Sets a class name for the element.
id element ID A unique ID for the element.

Sample Outline of the Program ( Syntax)

<wml>
<card title="WML Tables">
<p>
<table columns="3" align="LCR">
<tr>
<td>Col 1</td>
<td>Col 2</td>
<td>Col 3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A</td>
<td>B</td>
<td>C</td>
 </tr>
<tr>
<td>D</td>
<td>E</td>
<td>F</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
</card>
</wml>

OUTPUT:

12.1: Write WML program to display user personal information like Id, Name, Address,
Phone No and pass same information on another deck.

Introduction about WML Tags:

The <input/> element is used to create input fields and input fields are used to obtain
alphanumeric data from users.

Attributes:

This element supports the following attributes:

Attribute Value Description
name text The name of the variable that is set with the
result of the user's input
maxlength number Sets the maximum number of characters the
user can enter in the field
emptyok true Sets whether the user can leave the input field
false blank or not. Default is "false"
format A Sets the data format for the input field. Default
a is "*M".
N A = uppercase alphabetic or punctuation
X characters
x a = lowercase alphabetic or punctuation
M characters
 M N = numeric characters
*f X = uppercase characters
nf x = lowercase characters
M = all characters
m = all characters
*f = Any number of characters. Replace
the f with one of the letters above to specify
what characters the user can enter
nf = Replace the n with a number from 1 to 9 to
specify the number of characters the user can
enter. Replace the f with one of the letters
above to specify what characters the user can
enter
size number Sets the width of the input field
tabindex number Sets the tabbing position for the select element
title text Sets a title for the list
type text Indicates the type of the input field. The default
password value is "text". Password field is used to take
password for authentication purpose.
value text Sets the default value of the variable in the
"name" attribute
xml:lang language_code Sets the language used in the element
class class data Sets a class name for the element.
id element ID A unique ID for the element.

OUTPUT:
 12.3 Short Questions:

Q.No.1. What is the function of WAP Gateway?

Q.No.2 What is Distillation technique in WAP?

Q.No.3 What is the use of UAProf?

Q.No.4 Why WML is called Light weight Language?

 Experiment No.4
AIM: Write a WML program to create a form with multiple options

Introduction about WML Tags:

WML<select>Element:
The <select>...</select> WML elements are used to define a selection list and the
<option>...</option> tags are used to define an item in a selection list. Items are presented as
radiobuttons in some WAP browsers. The <option>...</option> tag pair should be enclosed within
the <select>...</select> tags.

Attributes:

Attribute Value Description

iname text Names the variable that is set with the index result
of the selection

ivalue text Sets the pre-selected option element

multiple Sets whether multiple items can be selected. Default

• true is "false"
• false

name text Names the variable that is set with the result of the
selection
tabindex number Sets the tabbing position for the select element
title text Sets a title for the list
value text Sets the default value of the variable in the "name"
attribute
xml:lang language_code Sets the language used in the element
class class data Sets a class name for the element.
id element ID A unique ID for the element.

Sample Outline of the Program ( Syntax)

<wml>
<card title="Selectable List">
<p> Select a Tutorial :
<select>
<option value="htm">HTML Tutorial</option>
<option value="xml">XML Tutorial</option>
<option value="wap">WAP Tutorial</option>
</select>
</p>
</card>

</wml>
For Multiple Options:
<wml>
<card title="Selectable List">
<p> Select a Tutorial :
<select multiple="true">
<option value="htm">WML Tutorial A</option>
<option value="xml">WML Tutorial B</option>
<option value="wap">WML Tutorial C</option>
</select>
</p>
</card>
</wml>

OUTPUT:

Output:
 13.4 Short Questions:

Q.No.1. What is Push and Pull technique in WAP?

Q.No.2 List out the Databases used to store Data of WML pages?

Q.No.3 What is the advantages of using XML DOM document?

Q.No.4 What is DTD?

 Experiment No. 5
AIM: Write a WML program to use the time control and to trigger On pick event

Introduction about WML Tags:

The ontimer event is used to trigger an event after a given time period. Suppose students wants
to display a message after 5 seconds of loading a card then you can use this event to do so.

Here is the syntax to define an event handler for ontimer event:

<onevent type="ontimer">
A task to be performed.
</onevent>

<timer value="50"/>

OUTPUT:

When you load this program, it shows you the following screen:

If you do not select given Enter option then after 5 seconds you will be directed to welcome page
and following screen will be displayed automatically.
5.1 Write a WML program to trigger On pick event

Introduction about WML Tags:

The onpick attribute is a great shortcut if you are using a select menu. Instead of writing a lot of
code that allows the user to go to another card if an option is selected, you can simply place the
destination into the onpick attribute.

Select a tutorial :
<select title="tutorials" name="selection_list">
<option onpick="#xhtml">XHTML Tutorial</option>
<option onpick="#wap">WAP Tutorial</option>
</select>

Output:
 14.3 Short Questions:
Q.No.1 Does WAP run over GPRS?

Q.No.2 Which Security is used in WAP?

Q.No.3 Is WML case sensitive?

Q.No.4 What does Post field tag do?

 Experiment No. 6
AIM : Write a WML script to find maximum out of two numbers with help of
inbuilt function Lang.Max() and to find absolute value with help of inbuilt
function Lang.abs()

Introduction about WML Script:

Syntax: Lang.max(value1, value2)

value1:
The mandatory value1 parameter can be any positive or negative single-precision floating-
point number or any positive or negative integer number (including zero). The floating-
point number must reside on or between the largest number and the smallest nonzero
number supported by the browser. These boundary values can be determined using the
Float.maxFloat and Float.minFloat functions. The integer number must reside on or
between the largest positive integer and the largest negative integer supported by the
browser. These boundary values can be determined by using the Lang.maxInt and
Lang.minInt functions.
value2:
The mandatory value2 parameter can be any positive or negative single-precision floating-
point number or any positive or negative integer number (including zero). The floating-
point number must reside on or between the largest number and the smallest nonzero
number supported by the browser. These boundary values can be determined using the
Float.maxFloat and Float.minFloat functions. The integer number must reside on or
between the largest positive integer and the largest negative integer supported bythe
browser. These boundary values can be determined by using the Lang.maxInt and
Lang.minInt functions.

Returns the maximum of two numbers.

The Lang.max function compares two given numbers and then returns the larger value. If the
two numbers prove to be equal, the first number is selected. The value and type (floating-point
or integer) of the selected number is not changed.
extern function findmax()
{
var result1 = Dialogs.prompt("Enter 1st number", "");
var result2 = Dialogs.prompt("Enter 2cd number", "");
var maxnum = Lang.max(result1, result2);
WMLBrowser.setVar("number1", result1);
WMLBrowser.setVar("number2", result2);
WMLBrowser.setVar("maxnumber", maxnum);
 WMLBrowser.go("MaxExample.wml#card2");
};

OUTPUT:

Syntax: Lang.abs(value)
Value: The mandatory value parameter can be any positive or negative single-precision floating-
point number or any positive or negative integer number (including zero). The floating-point
number must reside on or between the largest number and the smallest nonzero number supported
by the browser. These boundary values can be determined using the Float.maxFloat and
Float.minFloat functions.

extern function findabs(n)

{
var absnum = Lang.abs(n);
WMLBrowser.setVar("number", n);
WMLBrowser.setVar("absnumber", absnum);
WMLBrowser.go("abs.wml#card2");
};

Output:
 Short Questions:

1. What is the function of WMLScript?

2. What is the use of WML in WMLScript?

3. What is the use of WML decks? - WMLScript

4. What is the process where WML cards request the device to access WAP? - WMLScript

5. What is the support of mobile devices for WMLScript?

6. What is the process of adding the client side logic to WAP using WMLScript?

7. What is the purpose of using WMLScript?

8. What are the data types used in WMLScript?

9. What are the different components of WMLScript?

10. What is the function of WMLScript Control Statements?

11. How does WMLScript function written?

12. What are the standard libraries used by WMLScripts?

 Experiment No. 7
AIM: Write a Program in NS3 to Simulate OLSR
STEPS:

1. Create a wireless mobile ad-hoc network with three nodes Node1, Node2 and Node3. Install the
OLSR routing protocol on these nodes.
2. Place them such that Node1 and Node3 are just out of reach of each other.
3. Create a UDP client on Node1 and the corresponding server on Node3.
4. Schedule Node1 to begin sending packets to Node3 at time 1s.
5. Verify whether Node1 is able to send packets to Node3.
6. Make Node2 move between Node1 and Node3 such that Node2 is visible to both A and C. This
should happen at time 20s. Ensure that Node2 stays in that position for another 15s.
7. Verify whether Node1 is able to send packets to Node3.
8. At time 35s, move Node2 out of the region between Node1 and Node3 such that it is out of
each other's transmission ranges again.
9. Verify whether Node1 is able to send packets to Node3.
10. To verify whether data transmissions occur in the above scenarios, use either the tracing
mechanism or a RecvCallback() for Node3's socket.
11. Plot the number of bytes received versus time at Node3.
12. Show the pcap traces at Node 2's Wifi interface, and indicate the correlation between Node2's
packet reception timeline and Node2's mobility.

OLSR routing over some point-to-point links

Network topology
// n0
\ 5 Mb/s, 2ms
\ 1.5Mb/s, 10ms
n2 n3 n4
/
/ 5 Mb/s, 2ms
n1
// - all links are point-to-point links with indicated one-way BW/delay
// - CBR/UDP flows from n0 to n4, and from n3 to n1
// - UDP packet size of 210 bytes, with per-packet interval 0.00375 sec.
// (i.e., DataRate of 448,000 bps)
// - DropTail queues
// - Tracing of queues and packet receptions to file "simple-point-to-point-olsr.tr"

16.2 Program:
 #include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cassert>

#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/applications-module.h"
#include "ns3/olsr-helper.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-static-routing-helper.h"
#include "ns3/ipv4-list-routing-helper.h"

using namespace ns3;

NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE ("SimplePointToPointOlsrExample");

int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
// Users may find it convenient to turn on explicit debugging
// for selected modules; the below lines suggest how to do this
#if 0
LogComponentEnable ("SimpleGlobalRoutingExample", LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
#endif

// Set up some default values for the simulation. Use the

Config::SetDefault ("ns3::OnOffApplication::PacketSize", UintegerValue (210));

Config::SetDefault ("ns3::OnOffApplication::DataRate", StringValue ("448kb/s"));

//DefaultValue::Bind ("DropTailQueue::m_maxPackets", 30);

// Allow the user to override any of the defaults and the above
// DefaultValue::Bind ()s at run-time, via command-line arguments
CommandLinecmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

// Here, we will explicitly create four nodes. In more sophisticated

// topologies, we could configure a node factory.
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create nodes.");
NodeContainer c;
c.Create (5);
NodeContainer n02 = NodeContainer (c.Get (0), c.Get (2));
NodeContainer n12 = NodeContainer (c.Get (1), c.Get (2));
NodeContainer n32 = NodeContainer (c.Get (3), c.Get (2));
NodeContainer n34 = NodeContainer (c.Get (3), c.Get (4));

// Enable OLSR
 NS_LOG_INFO ("Enabling OLSR Routing.");
OlsrHelperolsr;

Ipv4StaticRoutingHelper staticRouting;

Ipv4ListRoutingHelperlist;
list.Add (staticRouting, 0);
list.Add (olsr, 10);

InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.SetRoutingHelper (list); // has effect on the next Install ()
internet.Install (c);

// We create the channels first without any IP addressing information

NS_LOG_INFO ("Create channels.");
PointToPointHelper p2p;
p2p.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("5Mbps"));
p2p.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("2ms"));
NetDeviceContainer nd02 = p2p.Install (n02);
NetDeviceContainer nd12 = p2p.Install (n12);
p2p.SetDeviceAttribute ("DataRate", StringValue ("1500kbps"));
p2p.SetChannelAttribute ("Delay", StringValue ("10ms"));
NetDeviceContainer nd32 = p2p.Install (n32);
NetDeviceContainer nd34 = p2p.Install (n34);

// Later, we add IP addresses.

NS_LOG_INFO ("Assign IP Addresses.");
Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;
ipv4.SetBase ("10.1.1.0", "255.255.255.0");
Ipv4InterfaceContainer i02 = ipv4.Assign (nd02);

ipv4.SetBase ("10.1.2.0", "255.255.255.0");

Ipv4InterfaceContainer i12 = ipv4.Assign (nd12);

ipv4.SetBase ("10.1.3.0", "255.255.255.0");

Ipv4InterfaceContainer i32 = ipv4.Assign (nd32);

ipv4.SetBase ("10.1.4.0", "255.255.255.0");

Ipv4InterfaceContainer i34 = ipv4.Assign (nd34);

// Create the OnOff application to send UDP datagrams of size

// 210 bytes at a rate of 448 Kb/s from n0 to n4
NS_LOG_INFO ("Create Applications.");
uint16_t port = 9; // Discard port (RFC 863)

OnOffHelper onoff ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",

InetSocketAddress (i34.GetAddress (1), port));
onoff.SetConstantRate (DataRate ("448kb/s"));

ApplicationContainer apps = onoff.Install (c.Get (0));

apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
 apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

// Create a packet sink to receive these packets

PacketSinkHelpersink ("ns3::UdpSocketFactory",
InetSocketAddress (Ipv4Address::GetAny (), port));

apps = sink.Install (c.Get (3));

apps.Start (Seconds (1.0));
apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

// Create a similar flow from n3 to n1, starting at time 1.1 seconds

onoff.SetAttribute ("Remote",
AddressValue (InetSocketAddress (i12.GetAddress (0), port)));
apps = onoff.Install (c.Get (3));
apps.Start (Seconds (1.1));
apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

// Create a packet sink to receive these packets

apps = sink.Install (c.Get (1));
apps.Start (Seconds (1.1));
apps.Stop (Seconds (10.0));

AsciiTraceHelper ascii;
p2p.EnableAsciiAll (ascii.CreateFileStream ("simple-point-to-point-olsr.tr"));
p2p.EnablePcapAll ("simple-point-to-point-olsr");

Simulator::Stop (Seconds (30));

NS_LOG_INFO ("Run Simulation.");

Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
NS_LOG_INFO ("Done.");

return 0;
}
AIM: Write a program to show the introduction of multi point relay set as a subset of the
neighbor set does not destroy the connectivity properties of the network

Output:
 Short Questions:

Q. No 1 List of Security Issues in Adhoc Networks?

Q. No. 2 What is Multi Casting?

Q. No. 3 What is MANET?

Q. No 4 What are the Characteristics of MANETs?

 Experiment No. 8
AIM: Write a Program in NS3 to Simulate AODV

Introduction

Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) [1] is a routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc net-
works. AODV is a reactive routing protocol which means that routes are discovered
when necessary, routes are also maintained as long as necessary. Every node maintains its
monoton- ically increasing sequence number which increases every time the node notices
change in the neighborhood topology. Routing tables are used to store routing information
where data is stored as follows:
<destination addr, next-hop addr, destination sequence number,
life_time>
life_time gets updated every time the route is used (If not used within its life_time,
route expires).

3 AODV Routing Protocol

AODV Routing Protocol works as follows: Assuming in the network in the figure
below we need to discover route between S and D.
Figure 1: AODV protocol working on five nodes.

It works as follows:

1. Node S needs route to D (no routes in routing table)

2. S Creates a Route Request (RREQ): D0 s IP addr, D0 s seq # , S 0 s IP addr, S 0 s

seq #, hopcount (0)
3. Node S broadcasts RREQ to neighbors

4. Node A receives RREQ

(a) Makes reverse route entry for S (dest=S, nexthop=S,

hopcount=1) (b) It has no route to D, so rebroadcasts RREQ
 5. Node C receives RREQ

(a) Makes reverse route entry for S (dest=S, nexthop=A, hopcount=2)

(b) It has a route to D, and the seq # for route to D is >= D 0 s seq # in
RREQ (c) C creates a Route Reply (RREP)

(d) Enter D 0 s IPAddr, seq#, S 0 s IPAddr, Hopcount to D (1)

(e) Unicasts RREP to A

6. Node A receives RREP

(a) Makes forward route entry to D (dest=D, nexthop=C,

hopcount=2) (b) Unicasts RREP to S
7. Node S receives RREP

(a) Makes forward route entry to D (dest = D, nexthop = A,

hopcount=3) (b) Sends data packets on route to D
Figure 2: AODV protocol: Node S receives PREP.

Program

Source Code:

#include "ns3/aodv-module.h"
#include "ns3/core-module.h"
#include "ns3/network-module.h"
#include "ns3/internet-module.h"
#include "ns3/mobility-module.h"
#include "ns3/point-to-point-module.h"
#include "ns3/wifi-module.h"
#include "ns3/v4ping-helper.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

using namespace ns3;

class AodvExample
{
public:
AodvExample ();
bool Configure (int argc, char **argv);
void Run ();
void Report (std::ostream & os);

private:

// parameters
uint32_t size;
doublestep;
doubletotalTime;
boolpcap;
boolprintRoutes;

// network
NodeContainernodes;
NetDeviceContainerdevices;
Ipv4InterfaceContainerinterfaces;

private:
void CreateNodes ();
void CreateDevices ();
void InstallInternetStack ();
void InstallApplications ();
};

int main (int argc, char **argv)

{
AodvExampletest;
if (!test.Configure (argc, argv))
NS_FATAL_ERROR ("Configuration failed. Aborted.");

test.Run ();
test.Report (std::cout);
return 0;
}

//
AodvExample::AodvExample () :
size (10),
step (100),
totalTime (10),
pcap (true),
printRoutes (true)
{
}

bool
 AodvExample::Configure (int argc, char **argv)
{
// Enable AODV logs by default. Comment this if too noisy
// LogComponentEnable("AodvRoutingProtocol", LOG_LEVEL_ALL);

SeedManager::SetSeed (12345);
CommandLinecmd;

cmd.AddValue ("pcap", "Write PCAP traces.", pcap);

cmd.AddValue ("printRoutes", "Print routing table dumps.", printRoutes);
cmd.AddValue ("size", "Number of nodes.", size);
cmd.AddValue ("time", "Simulation time, s.", totalTime);
cmd.AddValue ("step", "Grid step, m", step);

cmd.Parse (argc, argv);

returntrue;
}

void
AodvExample::Run ()
{
// Config::SetDefault ("ns3::WifiRemoteStationManager::RtsCtsThreshold", UintegerValue
(1)); // enable rts cts all the time.
CreateNodes ();
CreateDevices ();
InstallInternetStack ();
InstallApplications ();

std::cout <<"Starting simulation for "<<totalTime<<" s ...\n";

Simulator::Stop (Seconds (totalTime));

Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
}

void
AodvExample::Report (std::ostream &)
{
}

void
AodvExample::CreateNodes ()
{
std::cout <<"Creating "<< (unsigned)size<<" nodes "<<step<<" m apart.\n";
nodes.Create (size);
// Name nodes
for (uint32_t i = 0; i <size; ++i)
{
std::ostringstream os;
os <<"node-"<< i;
Names::Add (os.str (), nodes.Get (i));
 }
// Create static grid
MobilityHelpermobility;
mobility.SetPositionAllocator ("ns3::GridPositionAllocator",
"MinX", DoubleValue (0.0),
"MinY", DoubleValue (0.0),
"DeltaX", DoubleValue (step),
"DeltaY", DoubleValue (0),
"GridWidth", UintegerValue (size),
"LayoutType", StringValue ("RowFirst"));
mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel");
mobility.Install (nodes);
}

void
AodvExample::CreateDevices ()
{

WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
wifiMac.SetType ("ns3::AdhocWifiMac");
YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
wifiPhy.SetChannel (wifiChannel.Create ());
WifiHelperwifi;
wifi.SetRemoteStationManager ("ns3::ConstantRateWifiManager", "DataMode",
StringValue ("OfdmRate6Mbps"), "RtsCtsThreshold", UintegerValue (0));
devices = wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);

if (pcap)
{
wifiPhy.EnablePcapAll (std::string ("aodv"));
}
}

void
AodvExample::InstallInternetStack ()
{
AodvHelper aodv;
// you can configure AODV attributes here using aodv.Set(name, value)
InternetStackHelperstack;
stack.SetRoutingHelper (aodv); // has effect on the next Install ()
stack.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelperaddress;
address.SetBase ("10.0.0.0", "255.0.0.0");
interfaces = address.Assign (devices);

if (printRoutes)
{
Ptr<OutputStreamWrapper> routingStream = Create<OutputStreamWrapper>
("aodv.routes", std::ios::out);
aodv.PrintRoutingTableAllAt (Seconds (8), routingStream);
}
 }

void
AodvExample::InstallApplications ()
{
V4PingHelper ping (interfaces.GetAddress (size - 1));
ping.SetAttribute ("Verbose", BooleanValue (true));

ApplicationContainer p = ping.Install (nodes.Get (0));

p.Start (Seconds (0));
p.Stop (Seconds (totalTime) - Seconds (0.001));
// move node away
Ptr<Node> node = nodes.Get (size/2);
Ptr<MobilityModel> mob = node->GetObject<MobilityModel> ();
Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (totalTime/3), &MobilityModel::SetPosition, mob, Vector
(1e5, 1e5, 1e5));
}

Output:
 Short Questions

Q.No1, How routing in Adhoc networks different from fixed networks?

Q.No 2. What is hidden and exposed terminal problem in Adhoc Networks?

Q.No 3 What is Hiper Access?

Q.No 4 What are hybrid routing Protocols?

 Experiment No. 9

AIM: Make an application of your choice using WML or Android.

Steps:

1. Set up the Android development environment

Students are required to have Windows XP or later, or Mac OS X 10.5.8 or a later version to
start Android application development process. Then, there are four tools that students will need
and they are available on the Internet for free:
1. Java JDK5 or JDK6
2. Android SDK
3. Eclipse IDE for Java Developers (optional)
4. Android Development Tools (ADT) Eclipse Plugin (optional)

2. Setup Java Development Kit (JDK)

Students can download the JDK and install it, which is pretty easy. After that, students just have
to set PATH and JAVA_HOME variables to the folder where you have java and javac.
Note for Windows Users: If you installed the JDK in C:\jdk1.6.0_15 then you will have to add
the following two lines in your C:\autoexec.bat file.
set PATH=C:\jdk1.6.0_15\bin;%PATH%
set JAVA_HOME=C:\jdk1.6.0_15

3. Configure Android SDK

After you have successfully installed the Android SDK, it is time to configure it. After installing
the Android SDK, you will get a window like this:
Just de-select the Documentation for Android SDK and Samples for SDKpackages if you want
to reduce the installation size and time. Click on Install 7packages to continue with the installation.
You will get a dialogue box like this:

It will take some time to install, Once it is done, you can close the SDK manager.

4. Setup Eclipse IDE

Install the latest version of Eclipse. After successful installation, it should display a window like
this:

5. Setup Android Development Tools (ADT) Plug-in

Here students will learn to install the Android Development Tool plugin for Eclipse. To do this,
students have to click on Help > Software Updates > Install New Software. This will display the
following dialogue box.
Just click on the Add button as shown in the picture and add https://dl-
ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/ as the location. When you press OK, Eclipse will start to search
for the required plug-in and finally it will list the found plug-ins.

6. Create Android Virtual Device

The last step is to create Android Virtual Device, which students will use to test your Android
applications. To do this, open Eclipse and Launch Android AVD Manager from options Window
> AVD Manager and click on New which will create a successful Android Virtual Device. Use
the screenshot below to enter the correct values.

Before we write the code, you need to know how to take input from the user. The most efficient
way of taking input from the user is to use the Scanner class, which is found in the java.io package
as it is just a two-step process.

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

String input = scanner.next();
/* or String input = (new
Scanner(System.in)).next(); */
Students are recommended using the Scanner class because it works equally well on command
line as well as with Eclipse that we will use to make the Rock Paper Scissors app.

7. Calling the Java code in Eclipse

Sample Code is given below:--

import java.util.Scanner;

import java.util.Random;

public class Rock

public static void main(String[] args)

String personPlay; //User's play -- "R", "P", or "S"

String computerPlay = ""; //Computer's play -- "R", "P", or "S"

int computerInt; //Randomly generated number used to determine //computer's play

String response;

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

Random generator = new Random();

System.out.println("Hey, let's play Rock, Paper, Scissors!\n" +

"Please enter a move.\n" + "Rock = R, Paper" +

"= P, and Scissors = S.");

System.out.println();

//Generate computer's play (0,1,2)

computerInt = generator.nextInt(3)+1;

//Translate computer's randomly generated play to

//string using if //statements

if (computerInt == 1)

computerPlay = "R";

else if (computerInt == 2)

computerPlay = "P";

else if (computerInt == 3)

computerPlay = "S";

//Get player's play from input-- note that this is

// stored as a string

System.out.println("Enter your play: ");

personPlay = scan.next();

//Make player's play uppercase for ease of comparison

personPlay = personPlay.toUpperCase();

//Print computer's play

System.out.println("Computer play is: " + computerPlay);

//See who won. Use nested ifs

if (personPlay.equals(computerPlay))

System.out.println("It's a tie!");

else if (personPlay.equals("R"))

if (computerPlay.equals("S"))

System.out.println("Rock crushes scissors. You win!!");

else if (computerPlay.equals("P"))

System.out.println("Paper eats rock. You lose!!");

else if (personPlay.equals("P"))

if (computerPlay.equals("S"))

System.out.println("Scissor cuts paper. You lose!!");

else if (computerPlay.equals("R"))

System.out.println("Paper eats rock. You win!!");

 else if (personPlay.equals("S"))

if (computerPlay.equals("P"))

System.out.println("Scissor cuts paper. You win!!");

else if (computerPlay.equals("R"))

System.out.println("Rock breaks scissors. You lose!!");

else

System.out.println("Invalid user input.");

Now calling the Java code in Eclipse is a tricky process and it helps to pay attention while you're
doing this. Launch Eclipse and click File > New > Java Project

When the Create a Java Project box appears, it's time to give your project a name. Click on Finish
to save it and it should appear in the Package Explorer window. Then we are supposed to add a
package which will contain all our package files. Click on New Java Package icon to do this, as
shown in the screenshot below.
Name your project and then click Finish.

Now we need to add a Java Class, which is as easy as adding a Java Package.
After giving it a name, make sure that the following options are checked:
After you create a new class, it will show up in the Work Space where you can write or copy the
code.

Now you need to build the application and to do this, Right Click on your Android Project and
select Android Tools->Export Signed Application Package. After selecting the export button,
select Create new keystore and it will take you to the location where you want to save it, so give
it a name and save it. Fill in all the required fields that are self-explanatory and save it. You have
successfully exported the apk file to your computer and you can test the app it on your android
device.

8. Testing
Testing is as important as developing the app because your app will be of no use if it doesn't run
properly or shows errors. Luckily, there is an integrated testing framework in Android Framework,
which you can use to test all the aspects of your application. SDK tools can also help set up and
test applications. SDK will help you test different aspects of your app no matterif you are planning
on running your tests within an emulator or any Android device.

It is recommended using ADT for the testing process, as it is comparatively easier than the other
tools. Using ADT, you can easily create a test project and link it to the application under test.
The great thing about the ADT is that it automatically adds thenecessary
<instrumentation> element in the test package's manifest file.

9. To create a test project in Eclipse with ADT

Launch Eclipse from the Start Menu and click on File > New > Other and from the drop-down
menu, click on Android Test Project, then at the bottom of the dialog click Next. Enter any name
you want and in the Test Target panel, set An Existing Android Project and browse to the Rock
Paper Scissors app you made. Now you should be able to see the wizard completing the Test
Target Package, Application Name, and Package Name fields for you.

Choose the Android SDK platform from the Build Target Panel that the application to be tested
is using. Click the Finish button to complete the Wizard and if it is disabled, look for error
messages at the top to fix any problems.
18.3 Short Questions:

Q.No What is an Activity in Android?

Q.No 2 What is an APK format?

Q.No 3 What is an Intent?

Q.No 4 What is an Android Manifest File?

 Experiment No. 10
AIM: Write a Android Program to create list view, grid view and database
connectivity
Introduction: GRID VIEW
In android GridView is a view group that display items in two dimensional scrolling grid (rows
and columns), the grid items are not necessarily predetermined but they are automaticallyinserted
to the layout using a ListAdapter. Users can then select any grid item by clicking on it. GridView
is default scrollable so we don’t need to use ScrollView or anything else with GridView.

Adapter Is Used To Fill Data In Gridview: To fill the data in a GridView we simply use adapter
and grid items are automatically inserted to a GridView using an Adapter which pulls the content
from a source such as an arraylist, array or database. You can read full Adapter tutorial here.

GridView in Android Studio: Gridview is present inside Containers. From there you can drag and
drop on virtual mobile screen to create it. Alternatively you can also XML code to create it.

Basic GridView code in XML:

<GridView

android:id="@+id/simpleGridView"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:numColumns="3"/>
Introduction: LIST VIEW
List of scrollable items can be displayed in Android using ListView. It helps you to displaying the
data in the form of a scrollable list. Users can then select any list item by clicking on it. ListView
is default scrollable so we do not need to use scroll View or anything else with ListView.

ListView is widely used in android applications. A very common example of ListView is your
phone contact book, where you have a list of your contacts displayed in a ListView and if you
click on it then user information is displayed.

Adapter: To fill the data in a ListView we simply use adapters. List items are automatically
inserted to a list using an Adapter that pulls the content from a source such as
an arraylist, array or database.

ListView in Android Studio: Listview is present inside Containers. From there you can drag and
drop on virtual mobile screen to create it. Alternatively you can also XML code to create it.

Here is Android ListView XML Code:

<ListView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

android:id="@+id/simpleListView"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

tools:context="abhiandroid.com.listexample.MainActivity">

</ListView>
Introduction: Database Connectivity
SQLite

SQLite is a relational database management system (RDBMS). If most RDBMSs such asMySQL,
Oracle, etc. are standalone server processes, then SQLite is embedded because it is provided in the
form of a library that is linked in applications.

Like other RDBMSs, data is accessed in a SQLite database by using Structured Query Language
(SQL).

Android SQLite Java Classes

Cursor: a class provides access to the results of a database query. Its methods include:

close(): release all resources used by cursor and close it.

getCount(): returns the number of rows contained within the result set.

moveToFirst(): moves to the first row in the result set.

moveToLast(): moves to the last row in the result set.

moveToNext(): moves to the next row in the result set.

move(): moves by a specified offset from the current position in the result set.

get<type>() (such as getInt(), getDouble(), so on): returns the value of the specified <type>
contained at the specified column index of the row at the current cursor position.

SQLiteDatabase: provides the primary interface between the application code and underlying
SQLite database. Its methods include:

insert(): inserts a new row into a database table.

delete(): deletes rows from a database table

query(): performs a specified database query and returns matching results via a Cursor object.

execSQL(): executes a single SQL Statement that does not return result data.

rawQuery(): executes an SQL query statement and returns matching results in the form of a
Cursor object.

SQLiteOpenHelper : is designed to make it easier to create and update databases. Its methods
include:

onCreate(): called when the database is created for the first time.

onUpgrade(): called in the event that the application code contains a more recent database
version number reference.

onOpen(): called when the database is opened.

getWritableDatabase(): opens or creates a database for reading and writing.

getReadableDatabase(): creates or opens a database for reading only.

close(): closes the database.

ContentValues : allows key/value pairs to be declared consisting of table column identifiers and
the values to be stored in each column. Its methods include:

put(): adds a value to the set.

For Example: Creating a Data Application, we have to follow certain steps as follows.

We will create a database Android application that has a UI as follows:

My application will interact with a database named StudentDB.db, which contains a single table
named Student. The Student table schema will look like this:

The application will consist of an activity and a database handler class (MyDBHandler class). The
database handler will be a subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper and will provide an abstract layer
between the underlying SQLite database and the activity class. A third class (Student class) will
need to be implemented to hold the database entry data as it is passed between the activity and the
handler. My application model can be shown in the following figure:
Data Model Class
The Student class contains fields, constructors, and properties as follows:

We create the Student class in the Android Studio by selecting app > java.
Right-click the myfirstdatabase package and selecting New > Java Class.

Type Student in the Name item, maintain the default options, and click the OK button:

Adding the following lines of code for the Student class:

public class Student {

// fields
private int studentID;
private String studentName;
// constructors
public Student() {}
public Student(int id, String studentname) {
this.studentID = id;
this.studentName = studentname;
}
 // properties
public void setID(int id) {
this.studentID = id;
}
public int getID() {
return this.studentID;
}
public void setStudentName(String studentname) {
this.studentName = studentname;
}
public String getStudentName() {
return this.studentName;
}
}

Data Handler Class

The database handler class is a subclass of SQLiteOpenHelper class, named MyDBHandler, as
in the following figure:

The MyDBHandler class contains fields, constructors, and methods, as follows:

Steps for creating the MyDBHandler class like the Student class and its code can look like this:

public class MyDBHandler extends SQLiteOpenHelper {

//information of database
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "studentDB.db";
public static final String TABLE_NAME = "Student";
public static final String COLUMN_ID = "StudentID";
public static final String COLUMN_NAME = "StudentName";
//initialize the database
public MyDBHandler(Context context, Stringname, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactoryfactory,
intversion) {
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, factory, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int i, int i1) {}
public String loadHandler() {}
public void addHandler(Student student) {}
public Student findHandler(String studentname) {}
public boolean deleteHandler(int ID) {}
public boolean updateHandler(int ID, String name) {}
}
We must also use import statements, as follows:

import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
Initialize the Database

The database can be initialized in the constructor of the MyDBHandler class. The code of this
constructor looks like this:

public MyDBHandler(Context context, Stringname,

SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactoryfactory, intversion) {
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, factory,
DATABASE_VERSION);
}
Create the Student Table

The SQL statement creates a table:

CREATE TABLE table_name(
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
....
);
We need to convert the SQL statement to a string and implement it by using the execSQL()
method of a SQLiteDatabase object. All of these statements will be put inside the onCreate
method of the handler class, as follows:

public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {

String CREATE_TABLE = "CREATE TABLE" + TABLE_NAME + "(" + COLUMN_ID +
"INTEGER PRIMARYKEY," + COLUMN_NAME + "TEXT )";
db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE);
}
Our application can load all of the students from the database, add a new student to the database,
remove a student from the database, find a student from the database and modify the information
of a student from the database. Therefore, we need to add corresponding methods to the handler
class.

Load Data

To load data, we use a SQL query statement:

SELECT * FROM table_name;

The result of above SQL statement is a table. We use the rawQuery() method of a SQLiteDatabase
object to implement SQL statement and display result via a Cursor object. The following code will
demonstrate the loadHandler method:

public String loadHandler() {

String result = "";
String query = "Select*FROM" + TABLE_NAME;
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(query, null);
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
int result_0 = cursor.getInt(0);
String result_1 = cursor.getString(1);
result += String.valueOf(result_0) + " " + result_1 +
System.getProperty("line.separator");
}
cursor.close();
db.close();
return result;
}
Add a New Record

To add a new record to the database, we must use the ContentValues object with the put()
method that is used to assign data to ContentsValues object and then use insert() method of
SQLiteDatabase object to insert data to the database. The addHandler method can look like this:

public void addHandler(Student student) {

ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put(COLUMN_ID, student.getID());
values.put(COLUMN_NAME, student.getStudentName());
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
db.insert(TABLE_NAME, null, values);
db.close();
}
Controls used in above UI include:

Controls text atrribute id attribute

EditText Student ID studentid
EditText Student Name studentname
Button LOAD DATA btnload
Button ADD btnadd
Button FIND btnfind
Button DELETE btndelete
Button UPDATE btnupdate
TextView lst
 19.3 Short Questions:

Q.No What is View group in Android?

Q.No 2 What is a Content Provider in Android?

Q.No 3 What is Container in Android?

Q.No 4 What is a ADB and ANR in Android?

 Experiment 11 (Beyond Curricula)
AIM: Write a program to design a calling application.

Source Code:
package com.example.callingapp;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import
android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import
android.widget.ImageButton;

public class CallActivity extends Activity implements

OnClickListener { EditText et1;

ImageButton bt1;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_call);

et1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);

bt1 = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.imageButton1);
bt1.setOnClickListener(this);

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.call, menu);
return true;
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
 // Call a Number

String number = et1.getText().toString();

Intent call = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);

call.setData(Uri.parse("tel:" + number));
startActivity(call);

Output:
 Experiment 12 (Beyond Curricula)

AIM: Write a program to design a Mailing application.

a. Source Code:
package
com.example.emailapp;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import
android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import
android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.EditText;
import
android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class EmailActivity extends Activity implements

OnClickListener { EditText et1, et2, et3;

ImageButton ib1;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_email);

et1 = (EditText)
findViewById(R.id.editText1); et2 =
(EditText)
findViewById(R.id.editText2); et3 =
(EditText)
findViewById(R.id.editText3);

ib1 = (ImageButton) findViewById(R.id.imageButton1);

ib1.setOnClickListener(this);

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
 // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.email, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

String emailid = et1.getText().toString();

String[] emails = { emailid };
String subject = et2.getText().toString();
String message = et3.getText().toString();

Intent email = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);

email.setType("*/*");
email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, emails);
email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject);
email.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, message);
startActivity(email);
Toast.makeText(this, "Mail Sent to Email Provider",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
 Experiment 13 (Beyond Curricula)
AIM: Write a program to display the latitude and longitude of a user

Program

MainActivity.java

package com.gpslocationtracker;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import
android.view.MenuItem;
import
android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity

{ TextView textview;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// check if GPS enabled

GPSTracker gpsTracker = new GPSTracker(this);

if (gpsTracker.canGetLocation())
{
String stringLatitude = String.valueOf(gpsTracker.latitude);
textview = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.fieldLatitude);
textview.setText(stringLatitude);

String stringLongitude =
String.valueOf(gpsTracker.longitude); textview =
(TextView)findViewById(R.id.fieldLongitude);
textview.setText(stringLongitude);
}
else
{
// can't get location
// GPS or Network is not enabled
// Ask user to enable GPS/network in settings
 gpsTracker.showSettingsAlert();
}

}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
// as you specify a parent activity in
AndroidManifest.xml. int id = item.getItemId();
if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}

a. GPSTracker.java
package com.gpslocationtracker;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder; import
android.provider.Settings; import
android.util.Log;

public class GPSTracker extends Service implements LocationListener {

@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
 }

private final Context mContext;

//flag for GPS Status

boolean isGPSEnabled = false;

//flag for network status

boolean isNetworkEnabled = false;

boolean canGetLocation = false;

Location location;
double latitude;
double longitude;

//The minimum distance to change updates in metters

private static final long MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES = 10; //10
metters

//The minimum time beetwen updates in milliseconds

private static final long MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES = 1000 * 60 * 1; // 1 minute

//Declaring a Location Manager

protected LocationManager locationManager;

public GPSTracker(Context context)

{
this.mContext = context;
getLocation();
}

public Location getLocation()

{
try
{
locationManager = (LocationManager)
mContext.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);

//getting GPS status

isGPSEnabled =
locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);

//getting network status

isNetworkEnabled =
locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
if (!isGPSEnabled && !isNetworkEnabled)
{
// no network provider is enabled
}
else
{
this.canGetLocation = true;
 //First get location from Network Provider if
(isNetworkEnabled)
{
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER,
MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES,
MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES,
this);

Log.d("Network", "Network"); if

(locationManager != null)
{
location =
locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
updateGPSCoordinates();
}
}

//if GPS Enabled get lat/long using GPS Services

if (isGPSEnabled)
{
if (location == null)
{
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(
LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,
MIN_TIME_BW_UPDATES,
MIN_DISTANCE_CHANGE_FOR_UPDATES, this);

Log.d("GPS Enabled", "GPS Enabled");

if (locationManager != null)
{
location =
locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
updateGPSCoordinates();
}
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
//e.printStackTrace();
Log.e("Error : Location", "Impossible to connect to LocationManager", e);
 }

return location;
}

public void updateGPSCoordinates()

{
if (location != null)
{
latitude = location.getLatitude(); longitude =
location.getLongitude();
}
}

public void stopUsingGPS()

{
if (locationManager != null)
{
locationManager.removeUpdates(GPSTracker.this);
}
}

public double getLatitude()

{
if (location != null)
{
latitude = location.getLatitude();
}

return latitude;
}

public double getLongitude()

{
if (location != null)
{
longitude = location.getLongitude();
}

return longitude;
}

public boolean canGetLocation()

{
return this.canGetLocation;
}

public void showSettingsAlert()

{
AlertDialog.Builder alertDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);
//Setting Dialog Title
alertDialog.setTitle("GPSAlertDialogTitle");

//Setting Dialog Message

alertDialog.setMessage("GPSAlertDialogMessage");

//On Pressing Setting button

alertDialog.setPositiveButton("Settings", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{

}
);
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS);
mContext.startActivity(intent);
//On pressing cancel button
alertDialog.setNegativeButton("Cancel", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
dialog.cancel();
}
});

alertDialog.show();
}

@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
 }

@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}

@Override

public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

return null;

OUTPUT
 Experiment 14 (Beyond Curricula)

AIM: Write a program to design Multiple Activity Class.

Source Code:
FirstActivity.java

package com.example.multipleactivities;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class FirstActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

EditText et1, et2;

Button bt1;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_first);

et1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);

et2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText2);
bt1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_next);

bt1.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.first, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

String name = et1.getText().toString();

String number = et2.getText().toString();
 if(name.equals("") || number.equals("")){
Toast.makeText(this, "Please Enter Values",
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

}else {
Intent next = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);
next.putExtra("NAME", name);
next.putExtra("NUMBER", number);
startActivity(next);
finish();
}
}
}
a. SecondActivity.java
package com.example.multipleactivities;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class SecondActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

TextView tv1, tv2;

Button bt1, bt2;

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);

tv1 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView_name);

tv2 = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView_number);

bt1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_main);

bt2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_exit);

bt1.setOnClickListener(this);
bt2.setOnClickListener(this);

Intent receive = getIntent();

String name = receive.getStringExtra("NAME");
 String number = receive.getStringExtra("NUMBER");
tv1.setText(name);
tv2.setText(number);

}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switch(v.getId()){

case R.id.button_main:
Intent main = new Intent(this, FirstActivity.class); startActivity(main);
finish(); break;

case R.id.button_exit:
Toast.makeText(this, "Bye !", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); finish();
break;
}
}
}
 Experiment 15 (Beyond Curricula)
Aim: Write a program to design a contacts application.

a. Source Code:
DatabaseActivity.java

package com.example.contactsapp;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class DatabaseActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

EditText et1, et2;

Button bt1, bt2, bt3;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_database);

et1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText1);

et2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editText2);
bt1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_save);
bt2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_view);
bt3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_exit);

bt1.setOnClickListener(this);
bt2.setOnClickListener(this);
bt3.setOnClickListener(this);

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
 getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.database, menu);
return true;
}

@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

switch(v.getId()){
case R.id.button_save:

String name = et1.getText().toString();

String number = et2.getText().toString();

DBHelper dbh = new DBHelper(this);

dbh.open();
dbh.insert(name, number);
dbh.close();
Toast.makeText(this, "Saved", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

break;

case R.id.button_view:

Intent view = new Intent(this, ViewActivity.class);

startActivity(view);
finish();
break;

case R.id.button_exit:
finish();
break;
}

b. DBHelper.java
package com.example.contactsapp;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
 94 Mobile Computing ETIT 452

public class DBHelper {

public static final String DB_NAME= "Contacts.db"; public

static final String DB_TABLE = "Contacts"; public static final
int DB_VERSION = 2;
public static final String DB_CNAME = "Name"; public static
final String DB_CNUMBER = "Number";

public static final String createQuery = "CREATE TABLE " + DB_TABLE + "(" + DB_CNAME + "
TEXT, " + DB_CNUMBER + " TEXT);" ;

DBHelperInternal dbhI; Context

context;
private SQLiteDatabase db;

public DBHelper(Context c){ context = c;

}
public DBHelper open() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

dbhI = new DBHelperInternal(context); db =

dbhI.getWritableDatabase(); return this;
}
public void insert(String name, String number) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

ContentValues cv = new ContentValues();

cv.put(DB_CNAME, name); cv.put(DB_CNUMBER,
number); db.insert(DB_TABLE, null, cv);
}
public void close() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub db.close();
}
private class DBHelperInternal extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
public DBHelperInternal(Context context) { super(context,
DB_NAME, null, DB_VERSION);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

db.execSQL(createQuery);
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
Department of Information Technology, MAIT
 94 Mobile Computing ETIT 452

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

db.execSQL("DROP TBALE " + DB_TABLE + ";");
db.execSQL(createQuery);
}
}

public String read() {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub String
result = "";

String[] columns = { DB_CNAME, DB_CNUMBER };

Cursor c = db.query(DB_TABLE, columns, null, null, null, null, null); int
nameI = c.getColumnIndex(DB_CNAME);
int numberI = c.getColumnIndex(DB_CNUMBER);

for(c.moveToFirst(); !c.isAfterLast(); c.moveToNext()){

result = result + c.getString(nameI) + " - " + c.getString(numberI) + "\n";

}
return result;
}
}
c. ViewActivity.java
package com.example.contactsapp;
import android.app.Activity; import
android.content.Intent; import
android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import
android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ViewActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

TextView tv;
Button bt1, bt2;

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.view_activity);

tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView_view); bt1 =

(Button) findViewById(R.id.button_home); bt2 = (Button)
findViewById(R.id.button_exit1);

Department of Information Technology, MAIT

 94 Mobile Computing
ETIT 452

bt1.setOnClickListener(this);
bt2.setOnClickListener(this);

// Receive Database Values

DBHelper dbh =new
DBHelper(this); dbh.open();
String result =
dbh.read();
dbh.close();

tv.setText(result);

}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated
method stub
switch(v.getId()){
case R.id.button_home:

Intent home = new Intent(this, DatabaseActivity.class);

startActivity(home);finish(); break;

case R.id.button_exit1:
finish(); break;

}
}
}

Department of Information Technology, MAIT

Department of Information Technology, MAIT