See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/341872600

Control of Grid Connected PV Array using P MPPT Algorithm

Article in International Journal of Engineering Research and · April 2020

DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS030555

CITATIONS READS

2 374

4 authors, including:

Swapnil Dadaso Patil Rajendra B. Madake

Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology Ashta Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology Ashta
16 PUBLICATIONS 77 CITATIONS 1 PUBLICATION 2 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Anwar Mubarak Mulla

Dr. Daulatrao Aher College of Engineering
18 PUBLICATIONS 68 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Rajendra B. Madake on 07 April 2021.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 03, March-2020

Control of Grid Connected PV Array using P&O

MPPT Algorithm
Madhavi S. Hajare1 Rajendra B. Madake3
1 3
Department of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering,
Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology, Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and
Ashta-416301 Technology, Ashta-416301.

Swapnil D. Patil2
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Anwar M. Mulla4
4
Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering,
Ashta-416301 Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and
Technology, Ashta-416301

Abstract— Renewable sources of energy are becoming more efficiency of the commercially available solar cells is low, it
and more desirable in today’s times, due to an increase in is important to track the maximum power point. For this
greenhouse effect, global warming and environmental purpose, different MPPT algorithms are used. MPPT is used
awareness. This paper proposes a grid connected PV system that to increase output voltage of PV and to ensure that the PV is
harnesses solar energy by converting sunlight into direct current
operated at the maximum power point. Different MPPT
electricity by using semiconductors, which will be implement by
a complete Distributed Energy Resource system (DER). This methods have been presented in literature [2]. In this paper
project will contain a PV module and it will be controlled and we implement the Perturb &Observe (P&O) algorithm for the
optimized by using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) MPPT in which the voltage is slightly perturbed in the
algorithm. P & O MPPT formula is used in this paper. P & O direction of the increasing power to find the MPPT point [3-
MPPT algorithm is based on the calculation of the PV output 4]. A DC - DC boost converter increases the input voltage by
power and the power change by sampling PV current and controlling its switching [5]. After that a single-phase grid
voltage. An isolation transformer is used in this module to tied inverter is used to convert the DC input into AC. We
integrate the single-phase inverter with grid. Switching of the have used a low pass filter in order to remove the high
boost converter and operation of the single-phase inverter as
frequency harmonics which are an obstacle to our grid
well as its integration with the grid is controlled by PI
Controllers. Detailed mathematical and engineering analysis for integration. The Grid integration with the PV module is done
the simulated results will be followed with the help MATLAB by implementing an isolation transformer. All of these
software. converters and circuits require a significant degree of control
and tuning to serve their intended purpose. For this case PI
Keywords— Maximum Power Point Tracking System, Perturb controller are used and are accordingly properly tuned to give
and Observe Algorithm, Isolation Transformer, Photovoltaic, the best results.
Boost converter.
II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
I. INTRODUCTION
The decrease of non-renewable energy sources and
growing problem of environmental pollution, has forced us to
look for better energy sources. The research being carried out
on utilization of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind
energy as soon has made it possible to utilize this abundant
quantity of renewable energy sources in our day to day life
more efficiently and economically. As we all know solar
energy is the most abundant renewable energy source at
present in the world. The Distributed generation headed by
the photovoltaic (PV) generation can solve all electrical
power requirements in remote areas. Existing electricity Fig.1. Block diagram of grid-connected PV System
supply system fails to meet peak power demand. This is a
major cause of concern for many countries. The photovoltaic The configuration of the grid connected PV is shown in
grid connected system greatly overcomes this problem.. Solar fig. 1 in which the PV is connected to the DC-DC converter
energy is considered as the most popular source of renewable which is work to control dc output from unregulated DC
energy because of its round the clock availability during the input by adjusting duty cycle. The DC-DC boost converter is
day, easy commissioning, decreasing costs and increasing controlled using PWM which is done by varying the duty
efficiency. The output power produced by the photovoltaic cycle for the boost converter. P & O MPPT algorithm
modules is intermittent in nature and depends on the intensity generates the duty cycle. A single-phase inverter is used to
of solar radiation and temperature of solar cells [1]. As the convert photovoltaic DC voltage into line frequency AC

IJERTV9IS030555 www.ijert.org 673

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 03, March-2020

voltage. A Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) is the PV impedance;

switching control is designed to control the inverter [6]. The and is the load impedance.
employed scheme also ensures that the DC-link voltage
remains stable without varying rapidly thus ensuring a In this paper we use the P&O algorithm for MPPT. The
smooth system operation. An isolation transformer is also principle of this approach is that it will perturb the reference
designed to synchronize the inverter with the grid voltage. voltage by observing the system response to determine the
Finally, LR filter was connected between the inverter and the direction of the next perturbation. The reference voltage
grid to fulfill the standard specifications of current harmonics perturbations are performed in the direction in which the
injected to the grid. The inductor offers high impedance to power should increase [8]. The control circuitry consists of
high frequency signals and low impedance to low frequency two PI controllers which have an integral gain of 100 and a
signals, therefore its series connection suppresses the AC time constant of 0.1 tuned by trial and error, the reference
ripples making it act as a low pass filter. voltage is being fed into the first PI controller, which is being
employed for the voltage control and drives the PV system
III. SYATEM CONTROL voltage towards the MPPT voltage [9]. This is followed by
another PI controller which acts as a current controller and
A. MPPT control of boost converter drives the system current towards the MPPT current. The
Current–voltage (I–V) characteristic of a PV depends on the output of the control loops is fed to the comparator which
intensity of the irradiation & the temperature. Temperature generates the PWM to drive the boost converter ensuring that
influences the PV output voltage while solar irradiance the system operates at the desired maximum power point [10].
affects PV output current. There is a maximum power point
(MPP), at which the array operates with the maximum B. Isolation Transformer for single phase system
efficiency. Isolation Transformer (IT) control subsystem is one of the
important element of grid connected inverters as it plays a
key role in synchronize the inverter with the grid voltage,
current, frequency and phase angle [11].
C. Control scheme of single-phase grid-tie inverter
A grid-tie inverter is used to convert direct current (DC)
electricity into alternating current (AC) and has the ability to
synchronize and interface with the utility grid [12]. Inverter
operation can be divided into two parts: First part is
synchronizing and the second part is power transmitting.
During synchronization, the inverter is producing the output
in phase with the grid. This is performing by sampling the
sine wave and setting phase shift to zero. This un-shifted sine
wave is rectified and compare with high frequency triangle
wave to generate SPWM signal [13]. To produce four sets of
switching signal an AND operation is performed between the
SPWM and the square wave signal. Using this type of
switching and zero phase shifts occurring the inverter output
voltage.
IV. SIMULATION DESIGN AND RESULTS
Fig.3 shows the simulation model for the full system
which has been implemented in MATLAB showing the PV
module, Dc-Dc boost converter, P&O MPTT algorithm, single
phase grid tie inverter and the employed control schemes for
the MPPT control via Dc-Dc boost converter, single phase
inverter & the transformer for synchronizing the single-phase
inverter with the Gird. MATLAB simulation is used for the 40
W solar PV systems to verify the validity of the system and
Fig. 2. Mechanism of P&O algorithm the employed control schemes. The system parameters used
Based on the impedance matching principle the power for performing the simulations are listed in Table 1. The
output of a circuit is highest when the source impedance system control was optimized by configuring the controller
matches with the load impedance. The MPPT algorithm does parameters and by employing the P&O MPPT scheme.
this impedance matching by adjusting the duty factor D of the Controlled by the same phase as the grid. With inverter and
DC-DC converter. The input and output impedances are grid voltage in phase the zero crossing of both voltages is
related by the following expression [7]. detected. When zero crossing is found contact between grid
and inverter, then it activates and connects the grid and
inverter together. After both voltages are connected the
Where; inverter begins to transmit power
D is the duty cycle;

IJERTV9IS030555 www.ijert.org 674

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 03, March-2020

Fig.3. Simulation of Grid connected PV system with P&O as MPPT.

into the grid. The inverter used in our application delivers the settles down at 21 V while the current value changes
power from the PV to the grid via the boost converter, where depending on
the dc link voltage ensures that there are no power losses [14-
15]. the irradiation. corresponds to the irradiation values used in
the simulations i.e. 800 W/m2 and 1000 W/m2.
Table.1. System Parameters
Parameters Value
Power of PV system 40W
PV array Output Voltage 21V
Output voltage of Boost
80V
converter
Output Voltage of Single Phase
80V
Inverter
Grid rating 230V,50Hz

Fig.4. Output voltage and current with MPPT for different irradiation level at
25Deg.
Fig.4 shows the transient and steady state response
of the voltage and current output of the PV array, from the Fig. 5 shows the PV panel output voltage is boosted to80V DC by using
results we can see that the output voltage of the PV panel boost converter.

IJERTV9IS030555 www.ijert.org 675

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 9 Issue 03, March-2020

the duty cycle for boost converter. The single-phase inverter

is also synchronized with grid by using phase locked loop.
REFERENCES

[1] Roberto Faranda, Sonia Leva” Energy comparison of MPPT techniques

for PV Systems” WSEAS transactions on power system Issue 6,
Volume 3, June 2008
[2] Mohammed A. Elgendy, Bashar Zahawi, Senior Member, IEEE, and
David J. Atkinson.” Assessment of Perturb and Observe MPPT
Algorithm Implementation Techniques for PV Pumping Applications”,
IEEE transactions on sustainable energy, VOL. 3, NO. 1, January 2012
[3] A. Pandey, N. Disrupt, and A. K. Mukherjee , “Design issues in
implementing MPPT for improved tracking and dynamic performance”
,IEEE IECON, 2006, pp. 4387439
[4] Qing Chang Zhong and Tomas Henrik, “Control of Power Inverters in
Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Integration”. UK: Wiley-IEEE
Press, 2013
[5] Roberto F. Coelho, Filipe Concern, Denizen C. Martins,” a study of the
basic dc-dc converters applied in maximum Power point tracking”,
Fig.6. AC Output Voltage and Current Waveform with Grid Connection 978-1-4244-3370-4/09/$25.00 © 2009 IEEE
[6] Kavita Nanshikar and Aditi Desai, "Simulation of P & O Algorithm
Fig. 6 shows the sinusoidal output voltage and current using Boost Converter," International Journal of Innovative Researchin
Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering,vol. 4,
waveform of the PV system has been successfully integrated no. 2, pp. 130-135, April 2016
with the grid which is rated at 230 V& 50 Hz. [7] T. Esram, and P.L. Chapman, “Comparison of Photovoltaic Array
Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques”, IEEE Trans. Energy
Conv., vol.22, no.2, June, 2007, pp.439-449 .
[8] Nicola Femia, Member, IEEE, Giovanni Petron, Giovanni Spagnuolo,
Member, IEEE, and Massimo Vitelli” Optimization of Perturb and
Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method” IEEE transactions
on power electronics, VOL. 20, NO. 4, JULY 2005
[9] S. K. Kollimalla, and M. K. Mishra, “Adaptive Perturb & Observe
MPPT Algorithm for Photovoltaic System”, 2013 IEEE Power and
Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI), pp. 42-47, 2013.
[10] Hurng-LiahngJou; Wen-Jung Chiang ; Jinn-Chang Wu “Voltage-mode
grid-connected solar inverter with high frequency isolated transformer
“International Symposium on Industrial Electronics IEEE 2009
10.1109/ISIE.2009.5213218
[11] Ahmed A. A. Hafez, Daniel Montesinos-Miracle and Anto Sudrià-
Andreu “Simple Maximum Power Point Controller for Single-Phase
Grid-Connected PV System” Proceedings of the 14th International
Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON’10), Cairo
University, Egypt, December 19-21, 2010
[12] Almas Hossain Mollah1, Prof. G KPanda2, Prof. P KSaha3 “Single
Phase Grid-Connected Inverter for Photovoltaic System with
Maximum PowerPoint Tracking” International Journal of Advanced
Fig.7. Output voltage FFT Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)Vol. 4, Issue 2, February
It is Observed that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of 2015
2.71%.Fig.7 Show the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of [13] Paukner, F. L., et al. "Dynamic behavior of the PV Grid-connected
inverter based on L and LCL filter with active damping control." Power
Output Voltage. FTT demonstrates that the fundamental Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference
harmonic components lie at 50 Hz and rest of the harmonic (COBEP/SPEC), 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian. IEEE.
components are negligible. [14] Snehal Sunil Bulle ; S. D. Patil ; V. V. Kheradkar “Implementation of
incremental conductance method for MPPT using SEPIC converter”
V. CONCLUSION International Conference on Circuit ,Power and Computing
Technologies (ICCPCT), 2017, IEEE Conference Publications,
A grid connected PV System was implemented and its ISBN: 978-1-5090-4967-7 , DOI: 10.1109/ICCPCT.2017.8074234.
effectiveness was confirmed by the simulation results in [15] Rajkumari R. Patil ; Smita P. Patil ; Swapnil D. Patil ; Anwar M.
MATLAB which gave a sinusoidal wave for the grid current. Mulla, “Designing Of Z-source inverter for photovoltaic system using
The system was also operated at the MPPT point by applying MATLAB/SIMULINK” International Conference on Circuit ,Power
and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT), 2017, IEEE Conference
the P&O based MPPT algorithm. Control schemes are Publications, ISBN: 978-1-5090-4967-7,
applied for the single-phase inverter, boost converter and DOI: 10.1109/ICCPCT.2017.8074331.
PLL. Control scheme for the MPPT is applied by controlling

IJERTV9IS030555 www.ijert.org 676

(This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)

View publication stats