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Classifying Geological Faults

This lesson focuses on classifying geological faults, explaining their components, types, and the impact of tectonic plate movements on the Earth. Students will learn about normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults, as well as the significance of understanding these geological processes in relation to environmental science and geography. The lesson emphasizes the importance of recognizing the implications of living near active fault lines and the potential effects on ecosystems.

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4 views

Classifying Geological Faults

This lesson focuses on classifying geological faults, explaining their components, types, and the impact of tectonic plate movements on the Earth. Students will learn about normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults, as well as the significance of understanding these geological processes in relation to environmental science and geography. The lesson emphasizes the importance of recognizing the implications of living near active fault lines and the potential effects on ecosystems.

Uploaded by

A&C Sisters
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grade 7

Unit 13:
Understanding
Earthquakes and Faults
Science
Lesson 2

Classifying
Geological Faults

Science
Learning Target

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able


to understand how to categorize geological faults
based on specific criteria such as angle and
direction.

3
Introduction

Did you know that the ground we walk on can move and shift?
Introduction

These movements are often


subtle and go unnoticed, but
sometimes they can cause
dramatic shifts.
Essential Question

How do the movements of Earth's


tectonic plates impact our planet, and
why is it crucial for us to understand
these processes?
Learn about It

A geologic fault refers


to a crack or fracture in
the Earth's crust where
two blocks of land have
moved past each other.
Learn about It
Did you know? The Earth's tectonic plates move at about the same speed
as our fingernails grow! That is pretty slow, but over time, this movement
can cause big changes in the Earth's surface.
Learn about It

Parts of a Fault
A geologic fault has three
parts:
● fault line
● hanging wall block
● footwall block
Learn about It

Fault Line
Fault line serves as
the trace of the fault.
Learn about It

Dip
Dip refers angle that
the fault cuts
through the soil
layers.
Learn about It

Hanging wall blocks

Hanging wall blocks


refers to the portion
above the fault.
Learn about It

Footwall blocks

Footwall blocks
refers to the surface
below the fault.
Learn about It

Types of Fault
● Normal Fault
● Horst and Graben
● Reverse fault
● Strike-Slip Fault
Learn about It

Types of Faults: Normal Fault


Learn about It

Types of Faults: Normal Fault

Normal fault is formed


by tensional stresses that
pull rocks apart hanging
wall moves down relative
to the footwall associated
with divergent plate
boundaries.
Learn about It

Horst and Graben


Learn about It

Types of Faults: Horst and Graben

Horsts and grabens are the


alternating uplifted and
down-dropped blocks.

● Horst refers to uplifted or


raised areas.

● Grabens refers to down-


dropped or lowered areas
Learn about It

Types of Faults: Reverse Fault


Learn about It

Types of Faults: Reverse Fault

● Reverse fault is formed


by the compressional
forces that push the
plates towards each
other.

● Hanging wall moves


upward relative to the
footwall.
Learn about It

Types of Faults: Strike-Slip Fault


Learn about It

Types of Faults: Strike-Slip Fault

● Strike-slip fault is a
result of the sideways
movement of blocks of
rocks. Blocks move
laterally.
Key Points

● Geologic faults are breaks in the Earth's crust caused by the movement of
tectonic plates.
● Faults can cause earthquakes and can be found both at plate boundaries
and within continents.
● The main components of a fault are the fault line, hanging wall block, and
footwall block.
● Faults are classified into types based on their movements: normal,
reverse, and strike-slip.
Synthesis

How do the movements of Earth's


tectonic plates impact our planet, and
why is it crucial for us to understand
these processes?

25
Synthesis

How does understanding these geologic processes important in


real life or other subjects like environmental science and
geography?
26
Synthesis

Can you think of a current


environmental issue related to
tectonic movements? How do
you think understanding
tectonic plate movements
could aid advancing innovative
technologies that can help
solve these issues?

27
Answer the following:

1. What are the implications of living near an active fault


line?
2. What would be the impact on ecosystems if a major fault
shifted?
3. How does understanding these geologic processes
important in real life or other subjects like environmental
science and geography?
4. How do the movements of Earth's tectonic plates impact
our planet, and why is it crucial for us to understand these
processes?

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