Abstracts – Geological oceanology 97

G – GEOLOGICAL OCEANOLOGY

GC – Geochemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98–105

GS – Sedimentology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106–114
98 Abstracts – Geological oceanology

G e o c h e m i s t r y – GC

GC.01.
THE OCCURRENCE OF MAJOR AND MINOR CHEMICAL ELE-
MENTS IN THE MORE COMMON BALTIC SEAWEED
RYSZARD BOJANOWSKI
Department of Oceanology, Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Sopot
Oceanologia 1973, no. 2, pp. 81–152.
Abstract
In 73 samples of the most common Baltic algae, the contents of the
following inorganic macro- and microelements were determined: ash, Na, K,
Ca, Mg, SO4 , P, Sr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni and Co. The species analysed were
as follows: (the number of samples is given in brackets): Enteromorpha sp.
(8), Cladophora sp. (5), Fucus vesiculosus L. (14), Furcellaria fastigiata (9),
other Rhodophyceae (11), Zostera marina (14), Potamogeton pectinatus (11)
and Elodea canadensis Rich. (1).
As result of the low salinity of Baltic water (about 7 PSU at the surface)
the sodium and potassium content is half that of algae living in oceanic
waters (about 35 PSU), but the salinity has no important influence on
the calcium and magnesium content. The amount of sulphate does not
indicate any relation with the salinity either, but depends in the main on
the quantities of esterified polysaccharides. All the abundance ratios for the
main ions are equal to or more than one and can be placed in the series
Na < Mg < Ca < K.
The Sr:Ca ratio is less than in seawater for most of these species, with
the exception of F. vesiculosus, which concentrates strontium 4 times more
strongly than calcium, and Z. marina for which the Sr abundance ratio is
about 1/3 higher than that for calcium.
The amounts of trace elements in Baltic plants considerably exceed
the concentrations so far come across in open sea species. This greatly
depends upon the type of plant and the site where specimens were collected,
seasonal fluctuations not being clearly defined. The average concentra-
tions of individual elements vary as follows (as referred to dry matter):
Fe 380–2050 ppm., Mn 100–3860 ppm., Zn 60–310 ppm., Cu 5.6–21.2 ppm.,
Ni 2.3–15.1 ppm., Co 0.35–4.05 ppm. The average abundance ratios are
arranged in the following series: Mn > Fe > Ni > Co > Zn > Cu.
 Abstracts – Geological oceanology 99

This sequence changes for certain species. Generally, cl. Rhodophyceae

had the highest abundance ratios, the lowest – cl. Chlorophyceae; Phaeo-
phyceae and f. Potamogetonaceae and f. Hydrocharitaceae were intermediate.
The distribution of elements in the various parts of F. vesiculosus differs
considerably depending upon age, the young parts of the plant having
a higher ash content and a greater (on average 10–30%) content of the
main ions, whereas the older parts of plants have almost twice the content
of trace elements.
During the reproduction period, the apical parts of species F. vesiculosus
with the receptacles accumulate considerable amounts of trace elements and
almost double the amount of the main mineral components. Especially large
disproportions have been observed in the distribution of nickel, which may
suggest that this element participates in the reproductive cycle. The young
parts of the plants show a greater variation in trace elements, which would
indicate their mobility.

GC.02.
ACCUMULATION OF 90 Sr, 137 Cs, 106 Ru, 144 Ce AND 239, 224 Pu IN BALTIC
SEAWEEDS
RYSZARD BOJANOWSKI, JANUSZ PEMPKOWIAK
Department of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
Oceanologia 1977, no. 7, pp. 89–104.
Abstract
The concentration of strontium 90, caesium-137, ruthenium-106,
cerium-144 and plutonium-239, 240 in nine species of seaweeds collected in
the Baltic in 1973, and in three species of freshwater plants collected from
the river Radunia in 1974, were determined by radiochemical methods. The
concentration ranges, expressed in pCi/kg dry matter, were as follows: 90 Sr
40–150, 137 Cs 30–1270, 106 Ru 10–900, 144 Ce 20–18190 and 239, 240 Pu 0.8–30.
Of the species analysed, Fucus vesiculosus contained a much higher
concentration of 90 Sr than the other species, i.e. 100–190 vs. 9–22. The
highest concentrations of 137 Cs were found in brown and red algae, the
concentration factors being between 28 and 265. Green algae and flowering
plants did not differ with respect to their ability to concentrate caesium,
showing similar concentration factors of from 5 to 18. Both strontium and
caesium were unevenly distributed within the thallus of F. vesiculosus, the
highest concentrations being located in the oldest parts of the plant and the
lowest in the receptacles. Likewise, in Zostera marina, the roots contained
six times as much caesium as did the leaves.
100 Abstracts – Geological oceanology

Concentrations of cerium, ruthenium and plutonium did not follow

a clear-cut distribution pattern, although these radionuclides seem to be
preferentially accumulated in some species of red algae.
Generally, the activities of 90 Sr, 137 Cs, 144 Ce, and 106 Ru are all of the
same order of magnitude, and the sum does not exceed 6% of the natural
radioactivity due to the presence of 40 K in the plants.

GC.03.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF URANIUM AND THORIUM IN THE BIO-
SPHERE OF NATURAL WATERS. PART 1. URANIUM AND THORIUM
IN PLANKTON AND SESSILE PLANTS

PIOTR SZEFER, STANISŁAW OSTROWSKI

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical Academy, Gdańsk

Oceanologia 1981, no. 13, pp. 35–44.

Abstract

The literature dealing with the occurrence of uranium and thorium in

plankton and sessile plants in natural waters has been reviewed. According
to this, some tiny freshwater algae absorb thorium to a greater extent
than uranium. The respective contents of uranium and thorium in marine
plankton are 0.01–1.8 ppm U and 0.27 ppm 232 Th (converted to dry
mass). The contents of the other two isotopes of thorium expressed per
1 g dry plankton mass are 4.7 × 10−16 g 228 Th and 1.7 × 10−12 g 230 Th.
Phytoplankton tends to accumulate greater quantities of these isotopes than
zooplankton.
The ratio of mean activities 228 Th:232 Th is approximately the same as
that of seawater – ca 15.
The occurrence of uranium and thorium in sessile plants in fresh- and
seawater is characterised. The concentrations of these elements in tropical
aquatic plants is 0.07–1.64 ppm U and 0.02–0.62 ppm Th. The uranium
concentrations in these plants are 1–2 orders of magnitude greater than
in plants of the Black and Adriatic Seas; this can be explained by the
greater degree of calcification of the tropical species. The mean ratio of
U:Ca concentrations in sessile plants is not much lower than that calculated
for seawater.
The opinion of some authors on the mechanism of uranium and thorium
accumulation in sessile plants is presented.
 Abstracts – Geological oceanology 101

GC.04.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF URANIUM AND THORIUM IN THE BIO-
SPHERE OF NATURAL WATERS. PART 2. URANIUM AND THORIUM
IN CORALS, MOLLUSCS AND FISH

PIOTR SZEFER, STANISŁAW OSTROWSKI

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical Academy, Gdańsk

Oceanologia 1981, no. 13, pp. 45–57.

Abstract

The literature covering the occurrence of uranium and throium in corals,

molluscs, fish and echinoderms has been reviewed. It was found that live
corals contain from 2 to 4 ppm uranium; these concentrations depend not
only on the area of growth and individual characteristics but also on such
factors as the transparency, temperature and illumination of the water and
the presence of zooxanthelles in these organisms.The activity ratio 234 U:238 U
and the concentration ratio U:Ca in corals are very close to the values typical
of seawater. The major significance of diagenetic processes in the shaping
of uranium concentrations in older corals is pointed out.

The uranium content in the shells of contemporary molluscs varies

from 0.001 to 0.6 ppm. As is the case with corals, differences in uranium
content occur depending on the region the animals inhabit and the specific
characteristics of the molluscs. The U:Ca concentration ratio for shells is
lower in comparison with the value calculated for seawater and the the
activity ratio 234 U:238 U is the same as the analogous ratio in corals.

The distribution of uranium in freshwater and marine fish is charac-

terised, and the substantial amounts of uranium and thorium in the remains
of dead fish is indicated. Attention is drawn to the unequal distribution of
uranium is some internal organs in fish. The uranium content in fish is shown
to depend not only on specific features and the region inhabited, but also
on the nature of the food ingested by these animals.

The mechanism of uranium accumulation in these animals is taken into

consideration and the nature of uranium distribution in corals and molluscs
is outlined.
102 Abstracts – Geological oceanology

GC.05.
TRACE METALS IN SUSPENDED MATTER AND SUPERFICIAL
BOTTOM SEDIMENTS FROM THE SOUTHERN BALTIC
ANNA BRZEZIŃSKA, ANNA TRZOSIŃSKA
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Maritime Branch, Gdynia
WANDA ŻMIJEWSKA, LUDMIŁA WÓDKIEWICZ
Institute of Nuclear Research, Warsaw
Oceanologia 1984, no. 18, pp. 59–77.
Abstract
Superficial bottom sediments and suspensions from the Polish economic
zone of the Baltic as well as suspensions collected in sedimentation traps
placed at the bottom of the Gulf of Gdańsk have been analysed. The metals
in the suspended matter were determined by flameless AAS (Cd, Hg, Pb,
Cu, Zn) and by NAA (Hg, Zn, Co, Cr, Cs, Ag, Se, Sb, Fe), in the sediments
by both flameless and flame AAS (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, V, Mn,
Fe).
Statistical evaluation of the data indicates significant spatial differences
with respect to the concentrations of the majority of trace metals in
suspensions and bottom sediments. They are mainly due to the action of
various biogeochemical and hydrological factors, as well as to the strong but
irregular emission from anthropogenic sources. The approximate amounts of
Pb, Zn, Hg, Cr, Cu and Cd deposited on the bottom of the Gulf of Gdańsk,
the character of their redistribution in the sea and chemical transformation
of deposits with respect to trace metals have been estimated.

GC.06.
TRACE METALS IN SOME ORGANISMS FROM THE SOUTHERN
BALTIC
ANNA BRZEZIŃSKA, ANNA TRZOSIŃSKA
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Maritime Branch, Gdynia
WANDA ŻMIJEWSKA, LUDMIŁA WÓDKIEWICZ
Institute of Nuclear Research, Warsaw
Oceanologia 1984, no. 18, pp. 79–94.
Abstract
Plankton, mussels and fish species caught in the Polish economic zone
of the Baltic in 1979 have been analysed. The metals in the plankton were
 Abstracts – Geological oceanology 103

determined by flameless AAS (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn) and by NAA (Se, Cr,
Ag, Sb, Cs, Co, Fe). In mussels and fish they were determined by AAS only.
Significant variations in the contents of metals between particular
regions and species of the organisms from the southern Baltic were observed.
The data obtained were compared with the concentration levels of metals
observed in other marine regions. Metal bioaccumulation coefficients are
of the order of from 105 to 102 decreasing from phyto- and zooplankton,
through zoobenthos to fish.

GC.07.
PROCEDURE FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SUSPENSIONS IN
EZCURRA INLET
BOGDAN SKWARZEC, RYSZARD BOJANOWSKI
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
JERZY BOLAŁEK
Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Oceanologia 1984, no. 18, pp. 117–126.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of chemical analyses of suspensions.
A procedure for their combustion on membrane filters was developed. Total
concentrations of Si, Al, P, Ti were determined spectrophotometrically. The
contents of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn were determined using flame absorption
and emission atomic sectroscopy. Trace metals – Cu, Zn, Pb – were analysed
by anodic stripping voltammetry. It was shown that the main soures of
impurities were the chemical reagents used.

GC.08.
RADIUM-226 IN THE WATER AND SEDIMENTS OF THE SOUTHERN
BALTIC SEA
GRAŻYNA KOWALEWSKA
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
Oceanologia 1986, no. 23, pp. 65–76.
Abstract
The distribution of radium-226 in the southern Baltic was investigated.
Surface and near-bottom seawater samples as well as sediment samples
were collected at 22 stations in July 1981. Radium-226 was determined by
the emanation method. The average radium-226 activity in southern Baltic
104 Abstracts – Geological oceanology

waters was 1.8 mBq dm−3 (0.5 × 10−13 g dm−3 ); the activity in sediments
was more differentiated and ranged from 3.6 to 47 mBq g−1 of dry matter
(1 to 13 × 10−13 g g−1 ), depending on the kind of sediment. A highly
significant positive correlation between the salinity and radium content,
was found both in bottom waters and in sediments.

GC.09.
THE DETERMINATION OF Cu, Pb, Cd AND Zn IN SOUTHERN
BALTIC WATER, SUSPENSIONS AND SEDIMENTS
BOGDAN SKWARZEC, RYSZARD BOJANOWSKI
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
JERZY BOLAŁEK
Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Oceanologia 1988, no. 25, pp. 75–85.
Keywords: Trace metals, Baltic Sea
Abstract
This paper presents the results of the determination of Cu, Pb, Cd, and
Zn in solution and in suspension in southern Baltic water by dc anodic
stripping voltammetry (ASV), and in sediments by atomic absorption
spectroscopy (AAS). The mean total concentrations of the metals in
seawater and suspension were Cu – 0.58 ± 0.10 µg dm−3 ; Pb – 0.57 ± 0.14
µg dm−3 ; Cd – 0.09 ± 0.02 µg dm−3 , and Zn – 13.0 ± 2.5 µg dm−3 . 68% of
Pb and Cd occur in suspended form, 75% of Cu and 85% of Zn in soluble
form. The mean concentrations of the metals in the sediments were Cu –
57 ± 7 µg g−1 dry weight; Pb – 209 ± 54 µg g−1 dry weight; Cd – 4.3 ± 0.5
µg g−1 dry weight and Zn – 273 ± 20 µg g−1 dry weight.

GC.10.
CONCENTRATION OF ELEMENTS IN SOME SEAWEEDS FROM THE
COASTAL REGION OF THE SOUTHERN BALTIC AND IN LAKE
ŻARNOWIEC
PIOTR SZEFER
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical Academy, Gdańsk
BOGDAN SKWARZEC
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
Oceanologia 1988, no. 25, pp. 87–98.
Keywords: Seaweeds, Concentration of metals, Lake Żarnowiec, Baltic Sea
 Abstracts – Geological oceanology 105

Abstract
The contents of Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, Ti, Al, Ca, Mg, K, and
Na were determined in samples of some seaweeds from the coastal region
of the southern Baltic and in Lake Żarnowiec. The levels of metals found
were essentially similar to those reported by other authors for seaweeds
from various areas of the world. The Baltic seaweeds contained significantly
larger amounts of K, Al, Fe, and Zn, and similar levels of Mn compared with
plants taken from Lake Żarnowiec. The mean concentration, selectivity, and
enrichment factors for analysed metals were calculated. The concentration
factors are arranged in the following order: Al > Fe > Pb > Mn > Co >
Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu > K > Ca > Mg > Na. The correlation coefficients
for all pairs of metals were also calculated.

GC.11.
NOTE ON INTERCALIBRATION OF TRACE METALS IN A MARINE
SUSPENSION CARRIED OUT BY THE CO-ORDINATION
CENTRE OF THE COMECON COUNTRIES AT THE INSTITUTE
OF OCEANOLOGY OF THE SOVIET ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(Communications)
JERZY BOLAŁEK
Institute of Oceangraphy, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Oceanologia 1990, no. 28, pp. 127–128, (no abstract).
106 Abstracts – Geological oceanology

S e d i m e n t o l o g y – GS

GS.01.
VARVE STRATIFICATION OF A 10-METRE CORE FROM THE
BOTTOM OF THE GDAŃSK DEEP
HALINA MASICKA
Department of Oceanology, Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Sopot
Oceanologia 1975, no. 4, 133–151.
Abstract
The aim of the work was to analyse stratigraphic units, so-called varves,
which de Geer and others interpreted as annual deposits in Scandinavian
Quaternary residues. The question to be answered was whether or not
the dark and light laminae measured in the 10-metre core taken from the
bottom of Gdańsk Deep recorded changes in quantity and quality of glacial
deposits. Do two of these laminae correspond to a one-year sedimentation
– the conception of varves?

GS.02.
FROM STUDIES OF THE FORMATION PROCESSES ON ACCUMU-
LATIVE BEACHES
STANISŁAW MUSIELAK
Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
BORYS A. SHULYAK, VECHISLAV S. TABACHKOV
Department of Geography, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Oceanologia 1975, no. 4, pp. 153–171.
Abstract
This work presents the results of studies carried out in the field to
determine the process by which accumulative beaches are formed by storm
waves.
Certain factors have been found that are responsible for the direction and
intensity of this process, i.e. derivatives of the hydrodynamic parameters
of storm waves. A relationship has been found for the beach regression
(or build-up) rate of dx/dt versus the time derivative of sea level variations,
which can be put down in the following simple form: dx/dt = –µ dH/dt.
 Abstracts – Geological oceanology 107

The data conform to the physical model of the wave-induced transfor-

mation of accumulative beaches, derived by one of the authors.

GS.03.
LITTORAL PROCESSES IN THE SWASH ZONE
STANISŁAW MUSIELAK
Department of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Oceanologia 1978, no. 8, pp. 5–56.
Abstract
The paper gives the results of investigations of coastal processes
conducted by the writer in the surf zone on one of the western Crimea
coast accretion sections in the years 1971 to 1973.
The major objective of the investigations was to elucidate the dynamics
of the accretion and abrasion processes in the swash zone and to discriminate
the main hydrodynamical factors responsible for the rate, as well as the
trend of these processes.
The investigations performed and the analysis of the data obtained have
shown that a major shortcoming of most studies of coastal processes done
hithero lies in the underestimation of sea level variations.
Wave transformation on the bottom slope acts as a controlling factor
which passes shoreward waves with a very narrow height interval, practically
independent of initial heights.
The length of this interval depends primarily on the sea bed slope and
the sea level. It is proposed that the phenomenon of wave filtering described
here be referred to as wave ‘strettation’.
The wave strettation phenomenon lessens the differences between wave
conditions during various stages of a storm and even in various storms.
Analysis of the information collected during the investigations shows
that no a direct relationship exists between beach transformation processes
and parameters such as wave height and sea level variation ∆H/∆t.
A positive increase in ∆H/∆t corresponds to beach abrasion, while
a negative one is due to with accretion. The same is true for the mean
ratios wave height ∆h/∆t and wave lengths ∆λ/∆t over a certain narrow
range. In the study is also given the quantitative relationship between beach
advancement or retreat ∆x/∆t and the mean temporal growth of wave
parameters and sea levels, its form being as follows

t 
dH dh dλ
X = Xo − µ +ξ +χ dt
0 dt dt dt
108 Abstracts – Geological oceanology

in which
µ, ξ, χ – dimensionless coefficients depending particularly on sea bottom
slope.
     
 ∂x   ∂x   ∂x 
µ = −   ξ = −   χ = −   .
∂H  h,λ ∂h 
H,λ ∂λ  H,h

These quantitative relationships indicate that the beach profile takes

shape in the wake of sea level changes with waves superimposed thereon.
Changes in wave heights and wave lengths on inshore flats are of secondary
importance.
This study contains the first attempt to determine the quantitative
relationships between the hydrodynamic parameters of storm waves and
littoral processes in the swash zone.

GS.04.
PARTICULATE MATTER IN EZCURRA INLET: CONCENTRATION
AND SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
MIROSŁAW JONASZ
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
Oceanologia 1984, no. 15, pp. 65–74.
Abstract
This paper gives the preliminary results of research into the concentra-
tions and distributions of the dimensions of marine suspended matter in the
2–32 µm range in Ezcurra Inlet, a typical Antarctic fjord on King George
Island.
The measurements of the mass concentration of the suspended matter
were carried out by filtering the seawater through a membrane filter of
0.45 µm pore diameter; however, the quantity concentration and the size
distributions were measured using a Coulter counter with a 100 µm nozzle.
The concentration of suspended matter, most of which consists of
mineral particles from the shores of the fjord, was found to vary considerably
with time and space (Tabs. 1 and 2, Figs. 1 and 2).
The suspended matter concentration displays a high, negative correla-
tion with the salinity, the correlation coefficient being equal to –0.8. Thus,
changes in this concentration are due to the currents and turbulence in the
fjord, which cause highly saline oceanic water to mix with the less saline
water at the surface of the fjord; the latter, in turn, contains a large quantity
of matter in suspension that enters the sea with the freshwater runoff from
the land.
 Abstracts – Geological oceanology 109

The particle size distributions of the suspended matter (psd) in

Ezcurra Inlet can be described by the kD−m function with good precision
within the ∼3.7–32 µm diameter range, though less accurately when
D ∼2–3.7 µm (Fig. 3).
The ∼2–3.7 µm size range should be treated as transitional to the
D ≥ 2 µm size range, the type and parameters of which could not be
evaluated precisely because of the insufficient number of measuring stations
for this range of diameters.
The gradients m of both measurement distributions varied within a much
smaller range than did the concentrations k (Tab. 3), which indicates that
the shape of the size distributions of marine suspended matter in the basin
in question over the 2–32 µm range is stable.

GS.05.
THE SHORE AND BOTTOM GEOMORPHOLOGY OF EZCURRA
INLET
ANDRZEJ A. MARSZ
Department of Navigation, The Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia
Oceanologia 1984, no. 15, pp. 209–220.
Abstract
A secondary bay in Admiralty Bay 19.2 km2 in area, Ezcurra Inlet
is a typical fjord. It fills a deep and steep-sided glacial hanging valley
100–130 m above the bottom of the main trough valley, which makes up
the long axis of Admiralty Bay. Bathymetrically and geomorphologically
the bottom of Ezcurra Inlet can be divided into two distinct sections.
The deep, eastern part lying to the east of the Jardine Peak traverse is
a typical U-shaped glacial valley with lateral moraine, well preserved in the
bottom morphology, near the northern edge, and medial moraine in places.
It is in this section that the greatest depths occur (282 m). The western
section, separated from the eastern one by a steep slope, is shallower and
is crowned by terminal moraine lying some 70 m below the water surface
perpendicularly to the fjord’s axis; the bottom morphology is undulating,
with depressions. This morphology is considered to have been formed as
a result of glacial accumulation. In the NW part of the fjord (the Cardozzo
Cove region and that to the N of Dufavel Island) there is a depression of
great area (–155 m) interpreted as a exaration form, protected from being
filled in by glacial ice overloaded with moraine material.
Some 26 km in length, the shoreline of Ezcurra Inlet has been only
slightly transformed by wave action. The dominant shore type was formed
110 Abstracts – Geological oceanology

by glacial ice – 42% of the shoreline comprises ice cliffs. Large sections
of shoreline consist of weathered shore, of material screeing from the
rocky, insolated slope of the glacial valley – this is the effect of frost
weathering. The rocky shorelines are characterised by a distinct change
in the extent of morphological metamorphosis from E to W. The E part
has advanced further in its development; the shores of the western end,
where deglaciation took place later, have a structural-glacial morphology
(e.g. extensive moutoneed surfaces).

GS.06.
PRELIMINARY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME BOTTOM SEDIMENTS
OF THE BALTIC SEA
ZOFIA SZPONAR
Institute of Chemistry, Gdańsk University, Gdańsk
JERZY RZECHUŁA, ANNA PIELAK
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Technical University,
Gdańsk
Oceanologia 1985, no. 20, pp. 97–106.
Keywords: Bottom sediments, Baltic Sea

Abstract
Ten bottom sediments of the Baltic Sea were investigated by differential
thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffraction as
well as by Baline’s method of measuring specific surface area. On this
basis, the precentage of organic matter and the mineral composition of
the sediments were established. The results are supplemented by elemental
analyses.

GS.07.
PROPERTIES OF SELECTED BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE BALTIC
SEA AND THEIR SORPTION ABILITY TOWARDS COBALT (II) IONS.
PART 1.
ZOFIA SZPONAR, LIDIA PRZEWOCKA
Institute of Chemistry, Gdańsk University, Gdańsk
Oceanologia 1988, no. 25, pp. 65–73.
Keywords: Sediments, Cobalt (II) ions, Sorption ability, Baltic Sea
 Abstracts – Geological oceanology 111

Abstract
The sorption of Co2+ ions on 12 bottom sediments of the Baltic Sea
devoid of organic substances was studied. The results were compared
with those obtained for non-mineralised sediments. Infrared spectra were
recorded in addition to investigations carried out by means of DTA, TG,
X-ray diffraction, specific surface, and elemental analysis. The sorption of
cobalt (II) ions on some sediments previously saturated with copper (II) or
nickel (II) ions was also examined.

GS.08.
OXYGEN UPTAKE KINETICS AT THE SEDIMENT–SEAWATER
INTERFACE IN PUCK BAY
JERZY BOLAŁEK
Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
ANDREY VERSHININ
Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Oceanologia 1991, no. 30, pp. 57–75.
Keywords: Oxygen, Sediments, Chamber experiments, Puck Bay

Abstract
The paper presents the parameters of oxygen exchange at the seawater-
sediment interface in Puck Bay. The calculations were based on data on
oxygen concentration changes in water, obtained at two stations in chamber
experiments in June 1989. Oxygen consumption in respiration and the
mineralisation of organic matter was determined on the basis of oxygen
concentration changes, data on the plankton biomass in water, and data on
the biomass of macro- and meiobenthos in the sediment.
The following parameters of oxygen exchange at the water-sediment
interface were calculated using the quasi-stationary model of oxygen uptake:
oxygen consumption in benthic water Aw , oxygen uptake by the sediment
at the beginning of the experiment J0 , oxygen penetration depth into the
sediment x1 , diffusive sublayer heigh h, oxygen concentration in the diffusive
sublayer Cw,o , oxygen concentration at the bottom of the diffusive sublayer
at the initial moment.
The parameters obtained agreed very well with the nature of the
sediments, as well as the number of meiobenthic organisms and their biomass
in the sediment, and plankton biomass in water.
112 Abstracts – Geological oceanology

GS.09.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE TRANSFER OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
AT THE WATER–SEDIMENT INTERFACE IN PUCK BAY

JERZY BOLAŁEK, LUCYNA FALKOWSKA, HALINA JANKOWSKA

Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
ANDREY VERSHININ
Institute of Oceanology, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Oceanologia 1991, no. 30, pp. 105–123.

Keywords: Sediment, Bottom water, Chamber experiments, Puck Bay

Abstract
The magnitude of fluxes of chemical substances exchanged between
the bottom water and the sediment at two measuring stations of different
sediment types was determined. The investigations were carried out in June
1989 and entailed the measurement of pH changes, as well as the con-
centration of oxygen, bicarbonates, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds,
and dissolved silicates, in closed water systems. Two chambers were placed
at each measuring station, one of them isolated from the bottom. Water
samples were drawn from the chambers and their vicinity once a day for 15
days.
The reducing conditions formed in the chambers in contact with the
sediment favoured the liberation of phosphorus, ammonia and silicates
from the sediment to water. The oxygen consumption by the sediment was
78.7 mmole m−2 day −1 at the first station and 46.1 mmole m−2 day−1
at the second one. The fluxes of the liberated phosphates, ammonia and
silicates were 0.8, 0.2 and 1.7 mmole m−2 day−1 at the second station. The
nature of the sediment exerted the greatest influence on the amount of the
liberated phosphate phosphorus.

GS.10.
THE APPLICATION OF IR SPECTRA AND TG AND DTA CURVES
IN TESTING THE SORPTION OF SELECTED TRACE METALS ON
CERTAIN COMPONENTS OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS
ZOFIA SZPONAR
Institute of Chemistry, Gdańsk University, Gdańsk

Oceanologia 1991, no. 31, pp. 97–106.

 Abstracts – Geological oceanology 113

Keywords: Humic acids, Bottom sediments, Sorption of cations on minerals,

Complexes of cations with humic acids

Abstract
Studies were carried out the sorption of the cations Ni2+ , Cu2+ , Co2+ ,
Fe2+ , Hg2+ , Zn2+ , Cr3+ and Pb2+ on the main components of the Baltic
bottom sediments – quartz, illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, humic acids
and mixtures of humic acids with bentonite. The IR spectra method,
differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential
thermogravimetry (DTG) were applied. It was found that sorption is mainly
by humic acids and montmorillonite, which is illustrated by changes in the
spectra.

GS.11.
IONIC MACROCOMPONENTS OF THE INTERSTITIAL WATERS
OF PUCK BAY
JERZY BOLAŁEK
Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Oceanologia 1992, no. 33, pp. 131–158.
Keywords: Interstitial waters, Puck Bay, Macrocomponents, Sediments

Abstract
The article analyses the principal ionic components in the sediment
interstitial waters of Puck Bay. It was found that the vertical and horizontal
distributions of chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate anions, and sodium,
potassium, magnesium and calcium cations are affected by underground
inflows of fresh water, the hydrostatic pressure of the seawater above the
sediment, sulphate reduction and oxidation of organic matter, ion exchange
reactions as well as mineral formation and decomposition. Differentiation
of ion concentration is most marked in the western part of the Bay,
where the proportion of underground inflows in interstitial waters is as
high as 90%. Chloride and sodium ions dominate in interstitial waters;
the next most abundant anion is either bicarbonate or sulphate, depending
on the stage of sediment diagenesis and the proportion of fresh water.
The same applies to magnesium and calcium among the cations. The
interstitial waters of Puck Bay were classified into three groups representing
composition and genesis: sea, mixed, and saline waters, and three subgroups:
magnesium-bicarbonate, magnesium-sulphate and calcium-sulphate waters.
114 Abstracts – Geological oceanology

GS.12.
PHOSPHATE AT THE WATER–SEDIMENT INTERFACE IN PUCK
BAY
JERZY BOLAŁEK
Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Oceanologia 1992, no. 33, pp. 159–182.
Keywords: Interstitial water, Puck Bay, Phosphate, Sediments
Abstract
The quantity of phosphate transferred from sediments to near-bottom
water was determined from phosphate concentration gradients across the
near-bottom water-interstitial water interface. In Puck Bay, phosphate was
found to be released from sediments into the overlying water. The mean flux
is slightly over 20 µmol m−2 day −1 , and the total annual load of phosphate
from sediments is ca 100 t. Phosphate concentrations in near-bottom water,
interstitial water and in the sediments of Puck Bay are also analysed in this
paper. Phosphate concentrations increase eastwards from the western end
of the Bay. Concentration changes depended on diagenetic processes related
to the oxidation of organic matter, freshwater inflow from the proglacial
valleys of the Reda and Płutnica rivers and sorption processes in sediments.

GS.13.
METALLOPORPHYRINS IN RECENT SEDIMENTS OF THE BALTIC
SEA
GRAŻYNA KOWALEWSKA
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
Oceanologia 1995, no. 37 (1), pp. 89–98.
Keywords: Metalloporphyrins, Nickel(II),Vanadyl(II), Sediments, Sea, Baltic
Abstract
Recent sediments of the southern Baltic Sea were investigated for the
possible occurrence of metalloporphyrins. The content of both vanadyl(II)
and nickel(II) metalloporphyrins estimated in the sediment samples studied
is of the order of magnitude (1–6) × 10−2 µg g−1 (d. w.). The results also
suggest that the porphyrins in recent Baltic sediments are of anthropogenic
origin. The highly significant correlation of the metalloporphyrin content
with chlorophyll a indicates either that these metalloporphyrins are formed
in the water column or that phytoplankton contribute to metalloporphyrin
transfer from water to sediments.